poisson 0.1

data/CHANGELOG

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+= 0.1
+
+- Initial release

data/LICENCE

@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+		    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+		       Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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data/README

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+= Poisson Distribution Ruby Class
+
+Poisson is a Ruby class for the Poisson[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution] Distribution[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_distribution].
+Here is a very simple use example:
+
+  require 'poisson'
+  poisson = Poisson.new(6)
+  poisson.probability { |x| x == 4 } # => 0.133...
+
+Please see the API documentation for more detail.
+
+= Install
+
+You know the routine:
+
+  gem install poisson
+
+= Author
+
+Poisson was written by Jonathan Leighton <turnip at turnipspatch dot com> of http://turnipspatch.com.
+
+= Licence
+
+Poisson is licensed under the GPL. See the LICENCE file. You can find the code in my repository: http://dev.turnipspatch.com.

data/lib/math/math.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module Math #:nodoc:
+  def self.factorial(n)
+    if n == 0
+      1
+    else
+      n * factorial(n - 1)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/poisson.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+$: << File.dirname(__FILE__)
+%w(math/math poisson/poisson poisson/query).each { |r| require r }

data/lib/poisson/poisson.rb

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+class Poisson
+  
+  class InvalidMean < Exception; end;
+  
+  attr_accessor :mean
+  
+  # Instantiate a new Poisson instance, passing the mean number of occurrence of the event.
+  def initialize(mean)
+    if !mean.is_a?(Numeric)
+      raise InvalidMean, "the mean must be numeric"
+    elsif mean < 0
+      raise InvalidMean, "the mean must be positive"
+    end
+    
+    @mean = mean
+  end
+  
+  # Calculate the probability of a "query" happening. This method passes a
+  # Poisson::Query instance to the block. You place conditions on the Query
+  # within the block and the probability is returned. Example:
+  #
+  #   poisson = Poisson.new(6)
+  #   poisson.probability { |x| x == 4 } # => 0.133...
+  def probability
+    yield query = Query.new
+    
+    case query.condition
+      when :==
+        if query.value.is_a? Range
+          probability do |x|
+            x <= if query.value.exclude_end?
+                   query.value.last - 1
+                 else
+                   query.value.last
+                 end
+          end - probability { |x| x < query.value.first }
+        else
+          (Math.exp(-@mean) * mean**query.value) / Math.factorial(query.value)
+        end
+      when :not_eql
+        1 - probability { |x| x == query.value }
+      when :<=
+        (0..query.value).inject(0) do |sum, value|
+          sum += probability { |x| x == value }
+        end
+      when :>=
+        1 - probability { |x| x < query.value }
+      when :<
+        unless query.value == 0
+          probability { |x| x <= (query.value - 1) }
+        else
+          0
+        end
+      when :>
+        1 - probability { |x| x <= query.value }
+    end
+  end
+  
+  alias_method :p, :probability
+  
+  # If two poisson distributions are independent, you can add them to form a new Poisson. Example:
+  #
+  #   Poisson.new(2) + Poisson.new(5) # => Poisson.new(7)
+  def + poisson
+    self.class.new(@mean + poisson.mean)
+  end
+  
+  # You can multiply a Poisson if the time period changes. Example:
+  #
+  #   accidents_per_hour = Poisson.new(4.5)
+  #   accidents_per_two_hours = accidents_per_hour * 2 # => Poisson.new(9)
+  def * multiplier
+    self.class.new(@mean * multiplier)
+  end
+  
+  # See the * method.
+  def / divider
+    self.class.new(@mean / divider)
+  end
+  
+end

data/lib/poisson/query.rb

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+class Poisson
+  
+  # You send queries to an instance of this class in the block from the Poisson#probability method.
+  # There is no need to instantiate it directly.
+  #
+  # There are a number of different operators you can use. Note that only <tt>==</tt> accepts Ranges:
+  #
+  # [<tt>==</tt>] Equal to. Accepts:
+  # * Integers: <tt>x == 5</tt>
+  # * Ranges: <tt>x == (5..9)</tt> - This is the equivalent of saying "5 <= x <= 9"
+  # [<tt>not_eql</tt>] Not equal to
+  # [<tt><=</tt>] Less than or equal to
+  # [<tt>>=</tt>] Greater than or equal to
+  # [<tt><</tt>] Less than
+  # [<tt>></tt>] Greater than
+  class Query
+    
+    class InvalidQuery < Exception; end;
+    
+    attr_accessor :condition, :value # :nodoc:
+    
+    [:not_eql, :<=, :>=, :<, :>].each do |operator|
+      define_method operator do |value|
+        validate_value value
+        @condition, @value = operator, value
+      end
+    end
+    
+    def == value # :nodoc:
+      validate_value value, true
+      @condition, @value = :==, value
+    end
+    
+    protected
+    
+    def validate_value(value, allow_range = false) # :nodoc:
+      error = nil
+      
+      catch :error_set do
+      
+        if !(value.is_a?(Integer) || value.is_a?(Range))
+          error = "value must be integer or a range"
+          throw :error_set
+        end
+        
+        if value.is_a?(Range)
+          error = if !allow_range
+                    "range not allowed for this operator"
+                  elsif !value.first.is_a?(Integer)
+                    "range values must be integers"
+                  elsif value.first > value.last
+                    "ranges cannot go down"
+                  elsif value.to_a.length <= 1
+                    "range must include at least two values"
+                  end
+          throw :error_set if error
+        end
+        
+        if (value.is_a?(Range) && value.first < 0) || (value.is_a?(Integer) && value < 0)
+          error = "query values must be positive"
+          throw :error_set
+        end
+      
+      end
+      
+      raise InvalidQuery, error if error
+    end
+  
+  end
+end

data/spec/math_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/spec_helper'
+
+context "The Math.factorial method" do
+
+  specify "should be 1 when passed 0" do
+    Math.factorial(0).should_be 1
+  end
+  
+  specify "should be 720 when passed 6" do
+    Math.factorial(6).should_be 720
+  end
+
+end

data/spec/poisson_query_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/spec_helper'
+
+context "A poisson query of '== 8'" do
+
+  setup do
+    @query = Poisson::Query.new
+    @query == 8
+  end
+
+  specify "should have a condition of :==" do
+    @query.condition.should_be :==
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have a value of 8" do
+    @query.value.should_be 8
+  end
+
+end
+
+context "A poisson query of '<= 40'" do
+
+  setup do
+    @query = Poisson::Query.new
+    @query <= 40
+  end
+
+  specify "should have a condition of :<=" do
+    @query.condition.should_be :<=
+  end
+
+end
+
+context "A poisson query of '>= 3" do
+
+  setup do
+    @query = Poisson::Query.new
+    @query >= 3
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have a condition of :>=" do
+    @query.condition.should_be :>=
+  end
+
+end
+
+context "A poisson query of '> 9'" do
+
+  setup do
+    @query = Poisson::Query.new
+    @query > 9
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have a condition of :>" do
+    @query.condition.should_be :>
+  end
+  
+end
+
+context "A poisson query of '< 5'" do
+
+  setup do
+    @query = Poisson::Query.new
+    @query < 5
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have a condition of :<" do
+    @query.condition.should_be :<
+  end
+  
+end
+
+context "A poisson query of 'not_eql 12'" do
+
+  setup do
+    @query = Poisson::Query.new
+    @query.not_eql 12
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have a condition of :not_eql" do
+    @query.condition.should_be :not_eql
+  end
+  
+end
+
+context "A poisson query" do
+
+  setup do
+    @query = Poisson::Query.new
+  end
+
+  specify "should raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a negative number" do
+    proc { @query == -6 }.should_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+  specify "should raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a range starting with a negative number" do
+    proc { @query == (-6..4) }.should_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+
+  specify "should raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a range that decreases" do
+    proc { @query == (6..2) }.should_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+  specify "should raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a range to a condition other than ==" do
+    proc { @query < (5..8) }.should_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+  specify "should not raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a range to a == condition" do
+    proc { @query == (5..8) }.should_not_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+  specify "should raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a non-integer-or-range" do
+    proc { @query < "Pushing through the walls of dark imagination" }.should_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+  specify "should not raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a range" do
+    proc { @query == (1..3) }.should_not_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+  specify "should raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a range containing non-integers" do
+    proc { @query == ("a".."t") }.should_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+  specify "should raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a range containing floats" do
+    proc { @query == (2.8..8.9) }.should_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+  specify "should raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a float" do
+    proc { @query == 9.2 }.should_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+  specify "should raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery when passed a range with only one value" do
+    proc { @query == (4...5) }.should_raise Poisson::Query::InvalidQuery
+  end
+  
+end

data/spec/poisson_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/spec_helper'
+
+context "A poisson distribution with mean 4" do
+
+  setup do
+    @poisson = Poisson.new 4
+  end
+
+  specify "should have a mean of 4" do
+    @poisson.mean.should == 4
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have a mean of 8 after mean is set to 8" do
+    @poisson.mean = 8
+    @poisson.mean.should == 8
+  end
+  
+  specify "should return a poisson with mean 6.5 when added to a poisson of mean 2.5" do
+    (@poisson + Poisson.new(2.5)).mean.should == 6.5
+  end
+  
+  specify "should return a poisson with mean 12 when multiplied by 3" do
+    (@poisson * 3).mean.should == 12
+  end
+  
+  specify "should return a poisson with mean 1 when divided by 4" do
+    (@poisson / 4).mean.should == 1
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.0183 probability of being less than or equal to 0" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x <= 0 }.should_be_close 0.0183, 0.0005
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.8046 probability of not being 4" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x.not_eql 4 }.should_be_close 0.8046, 0.0005
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have p as an alias for probability" do
+    @poisson.should_respond_to :p
+  end
+  
+end
+
+context "A poisson distribution with mean 6" do
+  
+  setup do
+    @poisson = Poisson.new 6
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.133 probability of being 4" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x == 4 }.should_be_close 0.133, 0.005
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.103 probability of being 8" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x == 8 }.should_be_close 0.103, 0.005
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.7149 probability of being greater than or equal to 5" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x >= 5 }.should_be_close 0.7149, 0.0005
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.0620 probability of being less than 3" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x < 3 }.should_be_close 0.0620, 0.0005
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.1487 probability of being greater than 0 and less than 4" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x == (1...4) }.should_be_close 0.1487, 0.0005
+  end
+
+end
+
+context "A poisson distribution with mean 3.5" do
+
+  setup do
+    @poisson = Poisson.new 3.5
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.8576 probability of being less than or equal to 5" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x <= 5 }.should_be_close 0.8576, 0.0005
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.0653 probability of being greater than 6" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x > 6 }.should_be_close 0.0653, 0.0005
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.7988 probability of being greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 6" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x == (2..6) }.should_be_close 0.7988, 0.0005
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have 0 probability of being less than 0" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x < 0 }.should == 0
+  end
+  
+  specify "should have roughly 0.0302 probability of being less than or equal to 0" do
+    @poisson.probability { |x| x <= 0 }.should_be_close 0.0302, 0.0005
+  end
+
+end
+
+context "An attempt to create a poisson distribution with mean -6" do
+
+  specify "should raise Poisson::InvalidMean" do
+    proc { Poisson.new -6 }.should_raise Poisson::InvalidMean
+  end
+
+end
+
+context "An attempt to create a poisson distribution with a non-numeric mean" do
+
+  specify "should raise Poisson::InvalidMean" do
+    proc { Poisson.new "When I argue I see shapes" }.should_raise Poisson::InvalidMean
+  end
+
+end

data/spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+require 'rubygems'
+require_gem 'rspec'
+require File.dirname(__FILE__) + "/../lib/poisson"

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification 
+rubygems_version: 0.8.11
+specification_version: 1
+name: poisson
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
+  version: "0.1"
+date: 2006-11-25 00:00:00 +00:00
+summary: A Ruby library for the Poisson distribution.
+require_paths: 
+- lib
+email: turnip@turnipspatch.com
+homepage: http://poisson.rubyforge.org/
+rubyforge_project: 
+description: 
+autorequire: poisson
+default_executable: 
+bindir: bin
+has_rdoc: true
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version::Requirement 
+  requirements: 
+  - - ">"
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version 
+      version: 0.0.0
+  version: 
+platform: ruby
+signing_key: 
+cert_chain: 
+authors: 
+- Jonathan Leighton
+files: 
+- lib/poisson.rb
+- lib/math
+- lib/poisson
+- lib/math/math.rb
+- lib/poisson/query.rb
+- lib/poisson/poisson.rb
+- spec/poisson_spec.rb
+- spec/poisson_query_spec.rb
+- spec/math_spec.rb
+- spec/spec_helper.rb
+- LICENCE
+- README
+- CHANGELOG
+test_files: []
+
+rdoc_options: []
+
+extra_rdoc_files: 
+- README
+- LICENCE
+- CHANGELOG
+executables: []
+
+extensions: []
+
+requirements: []
+
+dependencies: []
+