plukevdh-activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter 1.2.1

data/History.txt

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+== 1.2.1 2009-06-07
+
+* Enhancements
+  * caching of table indexes query which makes schema dump much faster
+* Bug fixes:
+  * return Date (and not DateTime) values for :date column value before year 1970
+  * fixed after_create/update/destroy callbacks with plsql custom methods
+  * fixed creation of large integers in JRuby
+  * Made test tasks respect RAILS_ENV
+  * fixed support for composite primary keys for tables with LOBs
+
+== 1.2.0 2009-03-22
+
+* Enhancements
+  * support for JRuby and JDBC
+  * support for Ruby 1.9.1 and ruby-oci8 2.0
+  * support for Rails 2.3
+  * quoting of Oracle reserved words in table names and column names
+  * emulation of OracleAdapter (for ActiveRecord unit tests)
+* Bug fixes:
+  * several bug fixes that were identified during running of ActiveRecord unit tests
+
+== 1.1.9 2009-01-02
+
+* Enhancements
+  * Added support for table and column comments in migrations
+  * Added support for specifying sequence start values
+  * Added :privilege option (e.g. :SYSDBA) to ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection
+* Bug fixes:
+  * Do not mark empty decimals, strings and texts (stored as NULL in database) as changed when reassigning them (starting from Rails 2.1)
+  * Create booleans as VARCHAR2(1) columns if emulate_booleans_from_strings is true
+
+== 1.1.8 2008-10-10
+
+* Bug fixes:
+  * Fixed storing of serialized LOB columns
+  * Prevent from SQL injection in :limit and :offset
+  * Order by LOB columns (by replacing column with function which returns first 100 characters of LOB)
+  * Sequence creation for tables with non-default primary key in create_table block
+  * Do count distinct workaround only when composite_primary_keys gem is used
+    (otherwise count distinct did not work with ActiveRecord 2.1.1)
+  * Fixed rake db:test:clone_structure task
+    (see http://rsim.lighthouseapp.com/projects/11468/tickets/11-rake-dbtestclone_structure-fails-in-117)
+  * Fixed bug when ActiveRecord::Base.allow_concurrency = true
+    (see http://dev.rubyonrails.org/ticket/11134)
+
+== 1.1.7 2008-08-20
+
+* Bug fixes:
+  * Fixed that adapter works without ruby-plsql gem (in this case just custom create/update/delete methods are not available)
+
+== 1.1.6 2008-08-19
+
+* Enhancements:
+  * Added support for set_date_columns and set_datetime_columns
+  * Added support for set_boolean_columns
+  * Added support for schema prefix in set_table_name (removed table name quoting)
+  * Added support for NVARCHAR2 column type
+* Bug fixes:
+  * Do not call write_lobs callback when custom create or update methods are defined
+    
+== 1.1.5 2008-07-27
+
+* Bug fixes:
+  * Fixed that write_lobs callback works with partial_updates enabled (added additional record lock before writing BLOB data to database)
+* Enhancements:
+  * Changed SQL SELECT in indexes method so that it will execute faster on some large data dictionaries
+  * Support for other date and time formats when assigning string to :date or :datetime column
+
+== 1.1.4 2008-07-14
+
+* Enhancements:
+  * Date/Time quoting changes to support composite_primary_keys
+  * Added additional methods that are used by composite_primary_keys
+
+== 1.1.3 2008-07-10
+
+* Enhancements:
+  * Added support for custom create, update and delete methods when working with legacy databases where
+    PL/SQL API should be used for create, update and delete operations
+
+== 1.1.2 2008-07-08
+
+* Bug fixes:
+  * Fixed after_save callback addition for session store in ActiveRecord version 2.0.2
+  * Changed date column name recognition - now should match regex /(^|_)date(_|$)/i
+    (previously "updated_at" was recognized as :date column and not as :datetime)
+
+== 1.1.1 2008-06-28
+
+* Enhancements:
+  * Added ignore_table_columns option
+  * Added support for TIMESTAMP columns (without fractional seconds)
+  * NLS_DATE_FORMAT and NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT independent DATE and TIMESTAMP columns support
+* Bug fixes:
+  * Checks if CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore::Session does not have enhanced_write_lobs callback before adding it
+    (Rails 2.0 does not add this callback, Rails 2.1 does)
+
+== 1.1.0 2008-05-05
+
+* Forked from original activerecord-oracle-adapter-1.0.0.9216
+* Renamed oracle adapter to oracle_enhanced adapter
+  * Added "enhanced" to method and class definitions so that oracle_enhanced and original oracle adapter
+    could be used simultaniously
+  * Added Rails rake tasks as a copy from original oracle tasks
+* Enhancements:
+  * Improved perfomance of schema dump methods when used on large data dictionaries
+  * Added LOB writing callback for sessions stored in database
+  * Added emulate_dates_by_column_name option
+  * Added emulate_integers_by_column_name option
+  * Added emulate_booleans_from_strings option

data/License.txt

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+Copyright (c) 2008 Graham Jenkins, Michael Schoen, Raimonds Simanovskis
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/Manifest.txt

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+History.txt
+License.txt
+README.rdoc
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/emulation/oracle_adapter.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced.rake
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_adapter.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_connection.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_core_ext.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_cpk.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_dirty.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_jdbc_connection.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_oci_connection.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_procedures.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_reserved_words.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_tasks.rb
+lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_version.rb
+spec/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_adapter_spec.rb
+spec/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_connection_spec.rb
+spec/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_core_ext_spec.rb
+spec/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_cpk_spec.rb
+spec/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_data_types_spec.rb
+spec/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_dirty_spec.rb
+spec/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_emulate_oracle_adapter_spec.rb
+spec/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_procedures_spec.rb
+spec/spec.opts
+spec/spec_helper.rb

data/README.rdoc

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+= Activerecord Oracle enhanced adapter
+
+* http://github.com/rsim/oracle-enhanced
+
+== DESCRIPTION:
+
+Oracle "enhanced" ActiveRecord adapter contains useful additional methods for working with new and legacy Oracle databases
+from Rails which are extracted from current real projects' monkey patches of original Oracle adapter.
+
+See http://github.com/rsim/oracle-enhanced/wikis for usage information.
+
+For questions and feature discussion please use http://groups.google.com/group/oracle-enhanced
+
+Blog posts about oracle-enahnced can be found at http://blog.rayapps.com/category/oracle-enhanced
+
+Bugs and enhancement requests can be reported at http://rsim.lighthouseapp.com/projects/11468-oracle-enhanced
+
+== REQUIREMENTS:
+
+* Works (has been tested) with ActiveRecord version 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 (these are the same as Rails versions)
+* Can be used on the following Ruby platforms:
+  * MRI - requires ruby-oci8 1.x or 2.x library to connect to Oracle
+  * Ruby/YARV 1.9.1 - requires ruby-oci8 2.x library to connect to Oracle
+    unicode_utils gem is recommended for Unicode aware string upcase and downcase
+  * JRuby - uses JDBC driver ojdbc14.jar to connect to Oracle (should be in JRUBY_HOME/lib or in Java class path)
+* Requires ruby-plsql gem to support custom create, update and delete methods (but can be used without ruby-plsql if this functionality is not needed)
+
+== INSTALL:
+
+* [sudo] gem install activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter
+
+== CONTRIBUTORS:
+
+* Raimonds Simanovskis
+* Jorge Dias
+* James Wylder
+* Rob Christie
+* Nate Wieger
+* Edgars Beigarts
+* Lachlan Laycock
+* toddwf
+* Anton Jenkins
+* Dave Smylie
+
+== LICENSE:
+
+(The MIT License)
+
+Copyright (c) 2009 Graham Jenkins, Michael Schoen, Raimonds Simanovskis
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/emulation/oracle_adapter.rb

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+class ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleAdapter < ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter #:nodoc:
+  def adapter_name
+    'Oracle'
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced.rake

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+# RSI: implementation idea taken from JDBC adapter
+def redefine_task(*args, &block)
+  task_name = Hash === args.first ? args.first.keys[0] : args.first
+  existing_task = Rake.application.lookup task_name
+  if existing_task
+    class << existing_task; public :instance_variable_set; end
+    existing_task.instance_variable_set "@prerequisites", FileList[]
+    existing_task.instance_variable_set "@actions", []
+  end
+  task(*args, &block)
+end
+
+namespace :db do
+
+  namespace :structure do
+    redefine_task :dump => :environment do
+      abcs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations
+      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(abcs[RAILS_ENV])
+      File.open("db/#{RAILS_ENV}_structure.sql", "w+") { |f| f << ActiveRecord::Base.connection.structure_dump }
+      if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_migrations?
+        File.open("db/#{RAILS_ENV}_structure.sql", "a") { |f| f << ActiveRecord::Base.connection.dump_schema_information }
+      end
+      if abcs[RAILS_ENV]['structure_dump'] == "db_stored_code"
+         File.open("db/#{RAILS_ENV}_structure.sql", "a") { |f| f << ActiveRecord::Base.connection.structure_dump_db_stored_code }
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+
+  namespace :test do
+    redefine_task :clone_structure => [ "db:structure:dump", "db:test:purge" ] do
+      abcs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations
+      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:test)
+      IO.readlines("db/#{RAILS_ENV}_structure.sql").join.split("\n\n").each do |ddl|
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute(ddl.chop)
+      end
+    end
+
+    redefine_task :purge => :environment do
+      abcs = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations
+      ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:test)
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.structure_drop.split("\n\n").each do |ddl|
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute(ddl.chop)
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_adapter.rb

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+# oracle_enhanced_adapter.rb -- ActiveRecord adapter for Oracle 8i, 9i, 10g, 11g
+#
+# Authors or original oracle_adapter: Graham Jenkins, Michael Schoen
+#
+# Current maintainer: Raimonds Simanovskis (http://blog.rayapps.com)
+#
+#########################################################################
+#
+# See History.txt for changes added to original oracle_adapter.rb
+#
+#########################################################################
+#
+# From original oracle_adapter.rb:
+#
+# Implementation notes:
+# 1. Redefines (safely) a method in ActiveRecord to make it possible to
+#    implement an autonumbering solution for Oracle.
+# 2. The OCI8 driver is patched to properly handle values for LONG and
+#    TIMESTAMP columns. The driver-author has indicated that a future
+#    release of the driver will obviate this patch.
+# 3. LOB support is implemented through an after_save callback.
+# 4. Oracle does not offer native LIMIT and OFFSET options; this
+#    functionality is mimiced through the use of nested selects.
+#    See http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/ask/f?p=4950:8:::::F4950_P8_DISPLAYID:127412348064
+#
+# Do what you want with this code, at your own peril, but if any
+# significant portion of my code remains then please acknowledge my
+# contribution.
+# portions Copyright 2005 Graham Jenkins
+
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
+
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_connection'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  class Base
+    # Establishes a connection to the database that's used by all Active Record objects.
+    def self.oracle_enhanced_connection(config) #:nodoc:
+      if config[:emulate_oracle_adapter] == true
+        # allows the enhanced adapter to look like the OracleAdapter. Useful to pick up
+        # conditionals in the rails activerecord test suite
+        require 'active_record/connection_adapters/emulation/oracle_adapter'
+        ConnectionAdapters::OracleAdapter.new(
+          ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedConnection.create(config), logger)
+      else
+        ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.new(
+          ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedConnection.create(config), logger)
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Specify table columns which should be ignored by ActiveRecord.
+    def self.ignore_table_columns(*args)
+      connection.ignore_table_columns(table_name,*args)
+    end
+
+    # Specify which table columns should be typecasted to Date (without time).
+    def self.set_date_columns(*args)
+      connection.set_type_for_columns(table_name,:date,*args)
+    end
+
+    # Specify which table columns should be typecasted to Time (or DateTime).
+    def self.set_datetime_columns(*args)
+      connection.set_type_for_columns(table_name,:datetime,*args)
+    end
+
+    # Specify which table columns should be typecasted to boolean values +true+ or +false+.
+    def self.set_boolean_columns(*args)
+      connection.set_type_for_columns(table_name,:boolean,*args)
+    end
+
+    # After setting large objects to empty, select the OCI8::LOB
+    # and write back the data.
+    after_save :enhanced_write_lobs
+    def enhanced_write_lobs #:nodoc:
+      if connection.is_a?(ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter) &&
+          !(self.class.custom_create_method || self.class.custom_update_method)
+        connection.write_lobs(self.class.table_name, self.class, attributes)
+      end
+    end
+    private :enhanced_write_lobs
+    
+    class << self
+      # patch ORDER BY to work with LOBs
+      def add_order_with_lobs!(sql, order, scope = :auto)
+        if connection.is_a?(ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter)
+          order = connection.lob_order_by_expression(self, order) if order
+          
+          orig_scope = scope
+          scope = scope(:find) if :auto == scope
+          if scope
+            new_scope_order = connection.lob_order_by_expression(self, scope[:order])
+            if new_scope_order != scope[:order]
+              scope = scope.merge(:order => new_scope_order)
+            else
+              scope = orig_scope
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        add_order_without_lobs!(sql, order, scope = :auto)
+      end
+      private :add_order_with_lobs!
+      #:stopdoc:
+      alias_method :add_order_without_lobs!, :add_order!
+      alias_method :add_order!, :add_order_with_lobs!
+      #:startdoc:
+    end
+    
+    # Get table comment from schema definition.
+    def self.table_comment
+      connection.table_comment(self.table_name)
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  module ConnectionAdapters #:nodoc:
+    class OracleEnhancedColumn < Column
+
+      attr_reader :table_name, :forced_column_type #:nodoc:
+      
+      def initialize(name, default, sql_type = nil, null = true, table_name = nil, forced_column_type = nil) #:nodoc:
+        @table_name = table_name
+        @forced_column_type = forced_column_type
+        super(name, default, sql_type, null)
+      end
+
+      def type_cast(value) #:nodoc:
+        return guess_date_or_time(value) if type == :datetime && OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates
+        super
+      end
+
+      # convert something to a boolean
+      # added y as boolean value
+      def self.value_to_boolean(value) #:nodoc:
+        if value == true || value == false
+          value
+        elsif value.is_a?(String) && value.blank?
+          nil
+        else
+          %w(true t 1 y +).include?(value.to_s.downcase)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # convert Time or DateTime value to Date for :date columns
+      def self.string_to_date(string) #:nodoc:
+        return string.to_date if string.is_a?(Time) || string.is_a?(DateTime)
+        super
+      end
+
+      # convert Date value to Time for :datetime columns
+      def self.string_to_time(string) #:nodoc:
+        return string.to_time if string.is_a?(Date) && !OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates
+        super
+      end
+
+      # Get column comment from schema definition.
+      # Will work only if using default ActiveRecord connection.
+      def comment
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection.column_comment(@table_name, name)
+      end
+      
+      private
+      def simplified_type(field_type)
+        return :boolean if OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_booleans && field_type == 'NUMBER(1)'
+        return :boolean if OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_booleans_from_strings &&
+                          (forced_column_type == :boolean ||
+                          OracleEnhancedAdapter.is_boolean_column?(name, field_type, table_name))
+        
+        case field_type
+          when /date/i
+            forced_column_type ||
+            (:date if OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates_by_column_name && OracleEnhancedAdapter.is_date_column?(name, table_name)) ||
+            :datetime
+          when /timestamp/i then :timestamp
+          when /time/i then :datetime
+          when /decimal|numeric|number/i
+            return :integer if extract_scale(field_type) == 0
+            # if column name is ID or ends with _ID
+            return :integer if OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_integers_by_column_name && OracleEnhancedAdapter.is_integer_column?(name, table_name)
+            :decimal
+          else super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def guess_date_or_time(value)
+        value.respond_to?(:hour) && (value.hour == 0 and value.min == 0 and value.sec == 0) ?
+          Date.new(value.year, value.month, value.day) : value
+      end
+      
+      class <<self
+        protected
+
+        def fallback_string_to_date(string) #:nodoc:
+          if OracleEnhancedAdapter.string_to_date_format || OracleEnhancedAdapter.string_to_time_format
+            return (string_to_date_or_time_using_format(string).to_date rescue super)
+          end
+          super
+        end
+
+        def fallback_string_to_time(string) #:nodoc:
+          if OracleEnhancedAdapter.string_to_time_format || OracleEnhancedAdapter.string_to_date_format
+            return (string_to_date_or_time_using_format(string).to_time rescue super)
+          end
+          super
+        end
+
+        def string_to_date_or_time_using_format(string) #:nodoc:
+          if OracleEnhancedAdapter.string_to_time_format && dt=Date._strptime(string, OracleEnhancedAdapter.string_to_time_format)
+            return Time.mktime(*dt.values_at(:year, :mon, :mday, :hour, :min, :sec, :zone, :wday))
+          end
+          DateTime.strptime(string, OracleEnhancedAdapter.string_to_date_format)
+        end
+        
+      end
+    end
+
+
+    # Oracle enhanced adapter will work with both
+    # Ruby 1.8/1.9 ruby-oci8 gem (which provides interface to Oracle OCI client)
+    # or with JRuby and Oracle JDBC driver.
+    # 
+    # It should work with Oracle 9i, 10g and 11g databases.
+    # Limited set of functionality should work on Oracle 8i as well but several features
+    # rely on newer functionality in Oracle database.
+    #
+    # Usage notes:
+    # * Key generation assumes a "${table_name}_seq" sequence is available
+    #   for all tables; the sequence name can be changed using
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.set_sequence_name. When using Migrations, these
+    #   sequences are created automatically.
+    # * Oracle uses DATE or TIMESTAMP datatypes for both dates and times.
+    #   Consequently some hacks are employed to map data back to Date or Time
+    #   in Ruby. Timezones and sub-second precision on timestamps are
+    #   not supported.
+    # * Default values that are functions (such as "SYSDATE") are not
+    #   supported. This is a restriction of the way ActiveRecord supports
+    #   default values.
+    #
+    # Required parameters:
+    #
+    # * <tt>:username</tt>
+    # * <tt>:password</tt>
+    # * <tt>:database</tt> - either TNS alias or connection string for OCI client or database name in JDBC connection string
+    # 
+    # Optional parameters:
+    # 
+    # * <tt>:host</tt> - host name for JDBC connection, defaults to "localhost"
+    # * <tt>:port</tt> - port number for JDBC connection, defaults to 1521
+    # * <tt>:privilege</tt> - set "SYSDBA" if you want to connect with this privilege
+    # * <tt>:allow_concurrency</tt> - set to "true" if non-blocking mode should be enabled (just for OCI client)
+    # * <tt>:prefetch_rows</tt> - how many rows should be fetched at one time to increase performance, defaults to 100
+    # * <tt>:cursor_sharing</tt> - cursor sharing mode to minimize amount of unique statements, defaults to "similar"
+    # * <tt>:nls_length_semantics</tt> - semantics of size of VARCHAR2 and CHAR columns, defaults to "CHAR"
+    #   (meaning that size specifies number of characters and not bytes)
+    class OracleEnhancedAdapter < AbstractAdapter
+
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # By default, the OracleEnhancedAdapter will consider all columns of type <tt>NUMBER(1)</tt>
+      # as boolean. If you wish to disable this emulation you can add the following line
+      # to your initializer file:
+      #
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_booleans = false
+      cattr_accessor :emulate_booleans
+      self.emulate_booleans = true
+
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # By default, the OracleEnhancedAdapter will typecast all columns of type <tt>DATE</tt>
+      # to Time or DateTime (if value is out of Time value range) value.
+      # If you wish that DATE values with hour, minutes and seconds equal to 0 are typecasted
+      # to Date then you can add the following line to your initializer file:
+      #
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates = true
+      # 
+      # As this option can have side effects when unnecessary typecasting is done it is recommended
+      # that Date columns are explicily defined with +set_date_columns+ method.
+      cattr_accessor :emulate_dates
+      self.emulate_dates = false
+
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # By default, the OracleEnhancedAdapter will typecast all columns of type <tt>DATE</tt>
+      # to Time or DateTime (if value is out of Time value range) value.
+      # If you wish that DATE columns with "date" in their name (e.g. "creation_date") are typecasted
+      # to Date then you can add the following line to your initializer file:
+      #
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates_by_column_name = true
+      # 
+      # As this option can have side effects when unnecessary typecasting is done it is recommended
+      # that Date columns are explicily defined with +set_date_columns+ method.
+      cattr_accessor :emulate_dates_by_column_name
+      self.emulate_dates_by_column_name = false
+
+      # Check column name to identify if it is Date (and not Time) column.
+      # Is used if +emulate_dates_by_column_name+ option is set to +true+.
+      # Override this method definition in initializer file if different Date column recognition is needed.
+      def self.is_date_column?(name, table_name = nil)
+        name =~ /(^|_)date(_|$)/i
+      end
+
+      # instance method uses at first check if column type defined at class level
+      def is_date_column?(name, table_name = nil) #:nodoc:
+        case get_type_for_column(table_name, name)
+        when nil
+          self.class.is_date_column?(name, table_name)
+        when :date
+          true
+        else
+          false
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # By default, the OracleEnhancedAdapter will typecast all columns of type <tt>NUMBER</tt>
+      # (without precision or scale) to Float or BigDecimal value.
+      # If you wish that NUMBER columns with name "id" or that end with "_id" are typecasted
+      # to Integer then you can add the following line to your initializer file:
+      #
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_integers_by_column_name = true
+      cattr_accessor :emulate_integers_by_column_name
+      self.emulate_integers_by_column_name = false
+
+      # Check column name to identify if it is Integer (and not Float or BigDecimal) column.
+      # Is used if +emulate_integers_by_column_name+ option is set to +true+.
+      # Override this method definition in initializer file if different Integer column recognition is needed.
+      def self.is_integer_column?(name, table_name = nil)
+        name =~ /((^|_)id|_(pk|fk))$/i
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # If you wish that CHAR(1), VARCHAR2(1) columns or VARCHAR2 columns with FLAG or YN at the end of their name
+      # are typecasted to booleans then you can add the following line to your initializer file:
+      #
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_booleans_from_strings = true
+      cattr_accessor :emulate_booleans_from_strings
+      self.emulate_booleans_from_strings = false
+
+      # Check column name to identify if it is boolean (and not String) column.
+      # Is used if +emulate_booleans_from_strings+ option is set to +true+.
+      # Override this method definition in initializer file if different boolean column recognition is needed.
+      def self.is_boolean_column?(name, field_type, table_name = nil)
+        return true if ["CHAR(1)","VARCHAR2(1)"].include?(field_type)
+        field_type =~ /^VARCHAR2/ && (name =~ /_flag$/i || name =~ /_yn$/i)
+      end
+      
+      # How boolean value should be quoted to String.
+      # Used if +emulate_booleans_from_strings+ option is set to +true+.
+      def self.boolean_to_string(bool)
+        bool ? "Y" : "N"
+      end
+
+      # Specify non-default date format that should be used when assigning string values to :date columns, e.g.:
+      # 
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.string_to_date_format = “%d.%m.%Y”
+      cattr_accessor :string_to_date_format
+      self.string_to_date_format = nil
+      
+      # Specify non-default time format that should be used when assigning string values to :datetime columns, e.g.:
+      # 
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.string_to_time_format = “%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S”
+      cattr_accessor :string_to_time_format
+      self.string_to_time_format = nil
+
+      def initialize(connection, logger = nil) #:nodoc:
+        super
+        @quoted_column_names, @quoted_table_names = {}, {}
+      end
+
+      def adapter_name #:nodoc:
+        'OracleEnhanced'
+      end
+
+      def supports_migrations? #:nodoc:
+        true
+      end
+
+      def native_database_types #:nodoc:
+        {
+          :primary_key => "NUMBER(38) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
+          :string      => { :name => "VARCHAR2", :limit => 255 },
+          :text        => { :name => "CLOB" },
+          :integer     => { :name => "NUMBER", :limit => 38 },
+          :float       => { :name => "NUMBER" },
+          :decimal     => { :name => "DECIMAL" },
+          :datetime    => { :name => "DATE" },
+          # changed to native TIMESTAMP type
+          # :timestamp   => { :name => "DATE" },
+          :timestamp   => { :name => "TIMESTAMP" },
+          :time        => { :name => "DATE" },
+          :date        => { :name => "DATE" },
+          :binary      => { :name => "BLOB" },
+          # if emulate_booleans_from_strings then store booleans in VARCHAR2
+          :boolean     => emulate_booleans_from_strings ?
+            { :name => "VARCHAR2", :limit => 1 } : { :name => "NUMBER", :limit => 1 }
+        }
+      end
+
+      # maximum length of Oracle identifiers
+      IDENTIFIER_MAX_LENGTH = 30
+
+      def table_alias_length #:nodoc:
+        IDENTIFIER_MAX_LENGTH
+      end
+
+      # QUOTING ==================================================
+      #
+      # see: abstract/quoting.rb
+
+      def quote_column_name(name) #:nodoc:
+        # camelCase column names need to be quoted; not that anyone using Oracle
+        # would really do this, but handling this case means we pass the test...
+        @quoted_column_names[name] = name.to_s =~ /[A-Z]/ ? "\"#{name}\"" : quote_oracle_reserved_words(name)
+      end
+
+      # unescaped table name should start with letter and
+      # contain letters, digits, _, $ or #
+      # can be prefixed with schema name
+      # CamelCase table names should be quoted
+      def self.valid_table_name?(name) #:nodoc:
+        name = name.to_s
+        name =~ /^([A-Za-z_0-9]+\.)?[a-z][a-z_0-9\$#]*$/ ||
+        name =~ /^([A-Za-z_0-9]+\.)?[A-Z][A-Z_0-9\$#]*$/ ? true : false
+      end
+
+      def quote_table_name(name) #:nodoc:
+        # abstract_adapter calls quote_column_name from quote_table_name, so prevent that
+        @quoted_table_names[name] ||= if self.class.valid_table_name?(name)
+          name
+        else
+          "\"#{name}\""
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def quote_string(s) #:nodoc:
+        s.gsub(/'/, "''")
+      end
+
+      def quote(value, column = nil) #:nodoc:
+        if value && column
+          case column.type
+          when :text, :binary
+            %Q{empty_#{ column.sql_type.downcase rescue 'blob' }()}
+          # NLS_DATE_FORMAT independent TIMESTAMP support
+          when :timestamp
+            quote_timestamp_with_to_timestamp(value)
+          # NLS_DATE_FORMAT independent DATE support
+          when :date, :time, :datetime
+            quote_date_with_to_date(value)
+          else
+            super
+          end
+        elsif value.acts_like?(:date)
+          quote_date_with_to_date(value)
+        elsif value.acts_like?(:time)
+          value.to_i == value.to_f ? quote_date_with_to_date(value) : quote_timestamp_with_to_timestamp(value)
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def quoted_true #:nodoc:
+        return "'#{self.class.boolean_to_string(true)}'" if emulate_booleans_from_strings
+        "1"
+      end
+
+      def quoted_false #:nodoc:
+        return "'#{self.class.boolean_to_string(false)}'" if emulate_booleans_from_strings
+        "0"
+      end
+
+      def quote_date_with_to_date(value) #:nodoc:
+        # should support that composite_primary_keys gem will pass date as string
+        value = quoted_date(value) if value.acts_like?(:date) || value.acts_like?(:time)
+        "TO_DATE('#{value}','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')"
+      end
+
+      def quote_timestamp_with_to_timestamp(value) #:nodoc:
+        # add up to 9 digits of fractional seconds to inserted time
+        value = "#{quoted_date(value)}.#{("%.6f"%value.to_f).split('.')[1]}" if value.acts_like?(:time)
+        "TO_TIMESTAMP('#{value}','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF6')"
+      end
+
+      # CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ====================================
+      #
+
+      # If SQL statement fails due to lost connection then reconnect
+      # and retry SQL statement if autocommit mode is enabled.
+      # By default this functionality is disabled.
+      attr_reader :auto_retry #:nodoc:
+      @auto_retry = false
+
+      def auto_retry=(value) #:nodoc:
+        @auto_retry = value
+        @connection.auto_retry = value if @connection
+      end
+
+      # return raw OCI8 or JDBC connection
+      def raw_connection
+        @connection.raw_connection
+      end
+
+      # Returns true if the connection is active.
+      def active? #:nodoc:
+        # Pings the connection to check if it's still good. Note that an
+        # #active? method is also available, but that simply returns the
+        # last known state, which isn't good enough if the connection has
+        # gone stale since the last use.
+        @connection.ping
+      rescue OracleEnhancedConnectionException
+        false
+      end
+
+      # Reconnects to the database.
+      def reconnect! #:nodoc:
+        @connection.reset!
+      rescue OracleEnhancedConnectionException => e
+        @logger.warn "#{adapter_name} automatic reconnection failed: #{e.message}" if @logger
+      end
+
+      # Disconnects from the database.
+      def disconnect! #:nodoc:
+        @connection.logoff rescue nil
+      end
+
+
+      # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
+      #
+      # see: abstract/database_statements.rb
+
+      # Executes a SQL statement
+      def execute(sql, name = nil)
+        log(sql, name) { @connection.exec sql }
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of arrays containing the field values.
+      # Order is the same as that returned by #columns.
+      def select_rows(sql, name = nil)
+        # last parameter indicates to return also column list
+        result, columns = select(sql, name, true)
+        result.map{ |v| columns.map{|c| v[c]} }
+      end
+
+      # Returns the next sequence value from a sequence generator. Not generally
+      # called directly; used by ActiveRecord to get the next primary key value
+      # when inserting a new database record (see #prefetch_primary_key?).
+      def next_sequence_value(sequence_name)
+        select_one("select #{sequence_name}.nextval id from dual")['id']
+      end
+
+      def begin_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+        @connection.autocommit = false
+      end
+
+      def commit_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+        @connection.commit
+      ensure
+        @connection.autocommit = true
+      end
+
+      def rollback_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+        @connection.rollback
+      ensure
+        @connection.autocommit = true
+      end
+
+      def add_limit_offset!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
+        # added to_i for limit and offset to protect from SQL injection
+        offset = (options[:offset] || 0).to_i
+
+        if limit = options[:limit]
+          limit = limit.to_i
+          sql.replace "select * from (select raw_sql_.*, rownum raw_rnum_ from (#{sql}) raw_sql_ where rownum <= #{offset+limit}) where raw_rnum_ > #{offset}"
+        elsif offset > 0
+          sql.replace "select * from (select raw_sql_.*, rownum raw_rnum_ from (#{sql}) raw_sql_) where raw_rnum_ > #{offset}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns true for Oracle adapter (since Oracle requires primary key
+      # values to be pre-fetched before insert). See also #next_sequence_value.
+      def prefetch_primary_key?(table_name = nil)
+        true
+      end
+
+      def default_sequence_name(table, column) #:nodoc:
+        quote_table_name("#{table}_seq")
+      end
+
+
+      # Inserts the given fixture into the table. Overridden to properly handle lobs.
+      def insert_fixture(fixture, table_name) #:nodoc:
+        super
+
+        klass = fixture.class_name.constantize rescue nil
+        if klass.respond_to?(:ancestors) && klass.ancestors.include?(ActiveRecord::Base)
+          write_lobs(table_name, klass, fixture)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Writes LOB values from attributes, as indicated by the LOB columns of klass.
+      def write_lobs(table_name, klass, attributes) #:nodoc:
+        # is class with composite primary key>
+        is_with_cpk = klass.respond_to?(:composite?) && klass.composite?
+        if is_with_cpk
+          id = klass.primary_key.map {|pk| attributes[pk.to_s] }
+        else
+          id = quote(attributes[klass.primary_key])
+        end
+        klass.columns.select { |col| col.sql_type =~ /LOB$/i }.each do |col|
+          value = attributes[col.name]
+          # changed sequence of next two lines - should check if value is nil before converting to yaml
+          next if value.nil?  || (value == '')
+          value = value.to_yaml if col.text? && klass.serialized_attributes[col.name]
+          uncached do
+            if is_with_cpk
+              lob = select_one("SELECT #{col.name} FROM #{table_name} WHERE #{klass.composite_where_clause(id)} FOR UPDATE",
+                                'Writable Large Object')[col.name]
+            else
+              lob = select_one("SELECT #{col.name} FROM #{table_name} WHERE #{klass.primary_key} = #{id} FOR UPDATE",
+                               'Writable Large Object')[col.name]
+            end
+            @connection.write_lob(lob, value.to_s, col.type == :binary)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # change LOB column for ORDER BY clause
+      # just first 100 characters are taken for ordering
+      def lob_order_by_expression(klass, order) #:nodoc:
+        return order if order.nil?
+        changed = false
+        new_order = order.to_s.strip.split(/, */).map do |order_by_col|
+          column_name, asc_desc = order_by_col.split(/ +/)
+          if column = klass.columns.detect { |col| col.name == column_name && col.sql_type =~ /LOB$/i}
+            changed = true
+            "DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR(#{column_name},100,1) #{asc_desc}"
+          else
+            order_by_col
+          end
+        end.join(', ')
+        changed ? new_order : order
+      end
+
+      # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
+      #
+      # see: abstract/schema_statements.rb
+
+      def current_database #:nodoc:
+        select_one("select sys_context('userenv','db_name') db from dual")["db"]
+      end
+
+      def tables(name = nil) #:nodoc:
+        # changed select from user_tables to all_tables - much faster in large data dictionaries
+        select_all("select decode(table_name,upper(table_name),lower(table_name),table_name) name from all_tables where owner = sys_context('userenv','session_user')").map {|t| t['name']}
+      end
+
+      cattr_accessor :all_schema_indexes #:nodoc:
+
+      # This method selects all indexes at once, and caches them in a class variable.
+      # Subsequent index calls get them from the variable, without going to the DB.
+      def indexes(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+        (owner, table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
+        unless all_schema_indexes
+          result = select_all(<<-SQL)
+            SELECT lower(i.table_name) as table_name, lower(i.index_name) as index_name, i.uniqueness, lower(c.column_name) as column_name
+              FROM all_indexes i, all_ind_columns c
+             WHERE i.owner = '#{owner}'
+               AND i.table_owner = '#{owner}'
+               AND c.index_name = i.index_name
+               AND c.index_owner = i.owner
+               AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT uc.index_name FROM all_constraints uc WHERE uc.index_name = i.index_name AND uc.owner = i.owner AND uc.constraint_type = 'P')
+              ORDER BY i.index_name, c.column_position
+          SQL
+      
+          current_index = nil
+          self.all_schema_indexes = []
+      
+          result.each do |row|
+            # have to keep track of indexes because above query returns dups
+            # there is probably a better query we could figure out
+            if current_index != row['index_name']
+              self.all_schema_indexes << ::ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::IndexDefinition.new(row['table_name'], row['index_name'], row['uniqueness'] == "UNIQUE", [])
+              current_index = row['index_name']
+            end
+      
+            self.all_schema_indexes.last.columns << row['column_name']
+          end
+        end
+      
+        # Return the indexes just for the requested table, since AR is structured that way
+        table_name = table_name.downcase
+        all_schema_indexes.select{|i| i.table == table_name}
+      end
+      
+      # set ignored columns for table
+      def ignore_table_columns(table_name, *args) #:nodoc:
+        @ignore_table_columns ||= {}
+        @ignore_table_columns[table_name] ||= []
+        @ignore_table_columns[table_name] += args.map{|a| a.to_s.downcase}
+        @ignore_table_columns[table_name].uniq!
+      end
+      
+      def ignored_table_columns(table_name) #:nodoc:
+        @ignore_table_columns ||= {}
+        @ignore_table_columns[table_name]
+      end
+      
+      # set explicit type for specified table columns
+      def set_type_for_columns(table_name, column_type, *args) #:nodoc:
+        @table_column_type ||= {}
+        @table_column_type[table_name] ||= {}
+        args.each do |col|
+          @table_column_type[table_name][col.to_s.downcase] = column_type
+        end
+      end
+      
+      def get_type_for_column(table_name, column_name) #:nodoc:
+        @table_column_type && @table_column_type[table_name] && @table_column_type[table_name][column_name.to_s.downcase]
+      end
+
+      def clear_types_for_columns #:nodoc:
+        @table_column_type = nil
+      end
+
+      def columns(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+        # get ignored_columns by original table name
+        ignored_columns = ignored_table_columns(table_name)
+
+        (owner, desc_table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
+
+        table_cols = <<-SQL
+          select column_name as name, data_type as sql_type, data_default, nullable,
+                 decode(data_type, 'NUMBER', data_precision,
+                                   'FLOAT', data_precision,
+                                   'VARCHAR2', decode(char_used, 'C', char_length, data_length),
+                                   'CHAR', decode(char_used, 'C', char_length, data_length),
+                                    null) as limit,
+                 decode(data_type, 'NUMBER', data_scale, null) as scale
+            from all_tab_columns
+           where owner      = '#{owner}'
+             and table_name = '#{desc_table_name}'
+           order by column_id
+        SQL
+
+        # added deletion of ignored columns
+        select_all(table_cols, name).delete_if do |row|
+          ignored_columns && ignored_columns.include?(row['name'].downcase)
+        end.map do |row|
+          limit, scale = row['limit'], row['scale']
+          if limit || scale
+            row['sql_type'] << "(#{(limit || 38).to_i}" + ((scale = scale.to_i) > 0 ? ",#{scale})" : ")")
+          end
+
+          # clean up odd default spacing from Oracle
+          if row['data_default']
+            row['data_default'].sub!(/^(.*?)\s*$/, '\1')
+            row['data_default'].sub!(/^'(.*)'$/, '\1')
+            row['data_default'] = nil if row['data_default'] =~ /^(null|empty_[bc]lob\(\))$/i
+          end
+
+          OracleEnhancedColumn.new(oracle_downcase(row['name']),
+                           row['data_default'],
+                           row['sql_type'],
+                           row['nullable'] == 'Y',
+                           # pass table name for table specific column definitions
+                           table_name,
+                           # pass column type if specified in class definition
+                           get_type_for_column(table_name, oracle_downcase(row['name'])))
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # Specify default sequence start with value (by default 10000 if not explicitly set), e.g.:
+      #
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.default_sequence_start_value = 1
+      cattr_accessor :default_sequence_start_value
+      self.default_sequence_start_value = 10000
+
+      # Additional options for +create_table+ method in migration files.
+      #
+      # You can specify individual starting value in table creation migration file, e.g.:
+      #
+      #   create_table :users, :sequence_start_value => 100 do |t|
+      #     # ...
+      #   end
+      #
+      # You can also specify other sequence definition additional parameters, e.g.:
+      #
+      #   create_table :users, :sequence_start_value => “100 NOCACHE INCREMENT BY 10” do |t|
+      #     # ...
+      #   end
+      #
+      # It is possible to add table and column comments in table creation migration files:
+      #
+      #   create_table :employees, :comment => “Employees and contractors” do |t|
+      #     t.string      :first_name, :comment => “Given name”
+      #     t.string      :last_name, :comment => “Surname”
+      #   end
+      def create_table(name, options = {}, &block)
+        create_sequence = options[:id] != false
+        column_comments = {}
+        super(name, options) do |t|
+          # store that primary key was defined in create_table block
+          unless create_sequence
+            class <<t
+              attr_accessor :create_sequence
+              def primary_key(*args)
+                self.create_sequence = true
+                super(*args)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+
+          # store column comments
+          class <<t
+            attr_accessor :column_comments
+            def column(name, type, options = {})
+              if options[:comment]
+                self.column_comments ||= {}
+                self.column_comments[name] = options[:comment]
+              end
+              super(name, type, options)
+            end
+          end
+
+          result = block.call(t) if block
+          create_sequence = create_sequence || t.create_sequence
+          column_comments = t.column_comments if t.column_comments
+        end
+
+        seq_name = options[:sequence_name] || quote_table_name("#{name}_seq")
+        seq_start_value = options[:sequence_start_value] || default_sequence_start_value
+        execute "CREATE SEQUENCE #{seq_name} START WITH #{seq_start_value}" if create_sequence
+        
+        add_table_comment name, options[:comment]
+        column_comments.each do |column_name, comment|
+          add_comment name, column_name, comment
+        end
+        
+      end
+
+      def rename_table(name, new_name) #:nodoc:
+        execute "RENAME #{quote_table_name(name)} TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
+        execute "RENAME #{quote_table_name("#{name}_seq")} TO #{quote_table_name("#{new_name}_seq")}" rescue nil
+      end
+
+      def drop_table(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        super(name)
+        seq_name = options[:sequence_name] || quote_table_name("#{name}_seq")
+        execute "DROP SEQUENCE #{seq_name}" rescue nil
+      end
+
+      # clear cached indexes when adding new index
+      def add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        self.all_schema_indexes = nil
+        super
+      end
+
+      # clear cached indexes when removing index
+      def remove_index(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        self.all_schema_indexes = nil
+        execute "DROP INDEX #{index_name(table_name, options)}"
+      end
+      
+      # returned shortened index name if default is too large
+      def index_name(table_name, options) #:nodoc:
+        default_name = super(table_name, options)
+        return default_name if default_name.length <= IDENTIFIER_MAX_LENGTH
+        
+        # remove 'index', 'on' and 'and' keywords
+        shortened_name = "i_#{table_name}_#{Array(options[:column]) * '_'}"
+        
+        # leave just first three letters from each word
+        if shortened_name.length > IDENTIFIER_MAX_LENGTH
+          shortened_name = shortened_name.split('_').map{|w| w[0,3]}.join('_')
+        end
+        
+        if shortened_name.length <= IDENTIFIER_MAX_LENGTH
+          @logger.warn "#{adapter_name} shortened index name #{default_name} to #{shortened_name}" if @logger
+          return shortened_name
+        else
+          raise ArgumentError, "#{adapter_name} cannot shorten index name #{default_name}, please use add_index with :name option"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        add_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} ADD #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
+        options[:type] = type
+        add_column_options!(add_column_sql, options)
+        execute(add_column_sql)
+      end
+
+      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) #:nodoc:
+        execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} MODIFY #{quote_column_name(column_name)} DEFAULT #{quote(default)}"
+      end
+
+      def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil) #:nodoc:
+        column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+
+        unless null || default.nil?
+          execute("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
+        end
+
+        change_column table_name, column_name, column.sql_type, :null => null
+      end
+
+      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+
+        # remove :null option if its value is the same as current column definition
+        # otherwise Oracle will raise error
+        if options.has_key?(:null) && options[:null] == column.null
+          options[:null] = nil
+        end
+
+        change_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} MODIFY #{quote_column_name(column_name)} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
+        options[:type] = type
+        add_column_options!(change_column_sql, options)
+        execute(change_column_sql)
+      end
+
+      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
+        execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)} to #{quote_column_name(new_column_name)}"
+      end
+
+      def remove_column(table_name, column_name) #:nodoc:
+        execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} DROP COLUMN #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
+      end
+
+      def add_comment(table_name, column_name, comment) #:nodoc:
+        return if comment.blank?
+        execute "COMMENT ON COLUMN #{quote_table_name(table_name)}.#{column_name} IS '#{comment}'"
+      end
+
+      def add_table_comment(table_name, comment) #:nodoc:
+        return if comment.blank?
+        execute "COMMENT ON TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} IS '#{comment}'"
+      end
+
+      def table_comment(table_name) #:nodoc:
+        (owner, table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
+        select_value <<-SQL
+          SELECT comments FROM all_tab_comments
+          WHERE owner = '#{owner}'
+            AND table_name = '#{table_name}'
+        SQL
+      end
+
+      def column_comment(table_name, column_name) #:nodoc:
+        (owner, table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
+        select_value <<-SQL
+          SELECT comments FROM all_col_comments
+          WHERE owner = '#{owner}'
+            AND table_name = '#{table_name}'
+            AND column_name = '#{column_name.upcase}'
+        SQL
+      end
+
+      # Find a table's primary key and sequence. 
+      # *Note*: Only primary key is implemented - sequence will be nil.
+      def pk_and_sequence_for(table_name) #:nodoc:
+        (owner, table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
+
+        # changed select from all_constraints to user_constraints - much faster in large data dictionaries
+        pks = select_values(<<-SQL, 'Primary Key')
+          select cc.column_name
+            from user_constraints c, user_cons_columns cc
+           where c.owner = '#{owner}'
+             and c.table_name = '#{table_name}'
+             and c.constraint_type = 'P'
+             and cc.owner = c.owner
+             and cc.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
+        SQL
+
+        # only support single column keys
+        pks.size == 1 ? [oracle_downcase(pks.first), nil] : nil
+      end
+
+      def structure_dump #:nodoc:
+        s = select_all("select sequence_name from user_sequences order by 1").inject("") do |structure, seq|
+          structure << "create sequence #{seq.to_a.first.last};\n\n"
+        end
+
+        # changed select from user_tables to all_tables - much faster in large data dictionaries
+        select_all("select table_name from all_tables where owner = sys_context('userenv','session_user') order by 1").inject(s) do |structure, table|
+          ddl = "create table #{table.to_a.first.last} (\n "
+          cols = select_all(%Q{
+            select column_name, data_type, data_length, char_used, char_length, data_precision, data_scale, data_default, nullable
+            from user_tab_columns
+            where table_name = '#{table.to_a.first.last}'
+            order by column_id
+          }).map do |row|
+            col = "#{row['column_name'].downcase} #{row['data_type'].downcase}"
+            if row['data_type'] =='NUMBER' and !row['data_precision'].nil?
+              col << "(#{row['data_precision'].to_i}"
+              col << ",#{row['data_scale'].to_i}" if !row['data_scale'].nil?
+              col << ')'
+            elsif row['data_type'].include?('CHAR')
+              length = row['char_used'] == 'C' ? row['char_length'].to_i : row['data_length'].to_i
+              col <<  "(#{length})"
+            end
+            col << " default #{row['data_default']}" if !row['data_default'].nil?
+            col << ' not null' if row['nullable'] == 'N'
+            col
+          end
+          ddl << cols.join(",\n ")
+          ddl << ");\n\n"
+          structure << ddl
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Extract all stored procedures, packages, synonyms and views.
+      def structure_dump_db_stored_code #:nodoc:
+        structure = "\n"
+        select_all("select distinct name, type 
+                     from all_source 
+                    where type in ('PROCEDURE', 'PACKAGE', 'PACKAGE BODY', 'FUNCTION') 
+                      and  owner = sys_context('userenv','session_user')").inject("\n\n") do |structure, source|
+            ddl = "create or replace   \n "
+            lines = select_all(%Q{
+                    select text
+                      from all_source
+                     where name = '#{source['name']}'
+                       and type = '#{source['type']}'
+                       and owner = sys_context('userenv','session_user')
+                     order by line 
+                  }).map do |row|
+              ddl << row['text'] if row['text'].size > 1
+            end
+            ddl << ";"
+            structure << ddl << "\n"
+        end
+
+        # export views 
+        select_all("select view_name, text from user_views").inject(structure) do |structure, view|
+          ddl = "create or replace view #{view['view_name']} AS\n "
+          # any views with empty lines will cause OCI to barf when loading. remove blank lines =/ 
+          ddl << view['text'].gsub(/^\n/, '') 
+          ddl << ";\n\n"
+          structure << ddl
+        end
+
+        # export synonyms 
+        select_all("select owner, synonym_name, table_name, table_owner 
+                      from all_synonyms  
+                     where table_owner = sys_context('userenv','session_user') ").inject(structure) do |structure, synonym|
+          ddl = "create or replace #{synonym['owner'] == 'PUBLIC' ? 'PUBLIC' : '' } SYNONYM #{synonym['synonym_name']} for #{synonym['table_owner']}.#{synonym['table_name']};\n\n"
+          structure << ddl;
+        end
+      end
+
+
+      def structure_drop #:nodoc:
+        s = select_all("select sequence_name from user_sequences order by 1").inject("") do |drop, seq|
+          drop << "drop sequence #{seq.to_a.first.last};\n\n"
+        end
+
+        # changed select from user_tables to all_tables - much faster in large data dictionaries
+        select_all("select table_name from all_tables where owner = sys_context('userenv','session_user') order by 1").inject(s) do |drop, table|
+          drop << "drop table #{table.to_a.first.last} cascade constraints;\n\n"
+        end
+      end
+
+
+      def add_column_options!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
+        type = options[:type] || ((column = options[:column]) && column.type)
+        type = type && type.to_sym
+        # handle case of defaults for CLOB columns, which would otherwise get "quoted" incorrectly
+        if options_include_default?(options)
+          if type == :text
+            sql << " DEFAULT #{quote(options[:default])}"
+          else
+            # from abstract adapter
+            sql << " DEFAULT #{quote(options[:default], options[:column])}"
+          end
+        end
+        # must explicitly add NULL or NOT NULL to allow change_column to work on migrations
+        if options[:null] == false
+          sql << " NOT NULL"
+        elsif options[:null] == true
+          sql << " NULL" unless type == :primary_key
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SELECT DISTINCT clause for a given set of columns and a given ORDER BY clause.
+      #
+      # Oracle requires the ORDER BY columns to be in the SELECT list for DISTINCT
+      # queries. However, with those columns included in the SELECT DISTINCT list, you
+      # won't actually get a distinct list of the column you want (presuming the column
+      # has duplicates with multiple values for the ordered-by columns. So we use the 
+      # FIRST_VALUE function to get a single (first) value for each column, effectively
+      # making every row the same.
+      #
+      #   distinct("posts.id", "posts.created_at desc")
+      def distinct(columns, order_by) #:nodoc:
+        return "DISTINCT #{columns}" if order_by.blank?
+
+        # construct a valid DISTINCT clause, ie. one that includes the ORDER BY columns, using
+        # FIRST_VALUE such that the inclusion of these columns doesn't invalidate the DISTINCT
+        order_columns = order_by.split(',').map { |s| s.strip }.reject(&:blank?)
+        order_columns = order_columns.zip((0...order_columns.size).to_a).map do |c, i|
+          "FIRST_VALUE(#{c.split.first}) OVER (PARTITION BY #{columns} ORDER BY #{c}) AS alias_#{i}__"
+        end
+        sql = "DISTINCT #{columns}, "
+        sql << order_columns * ", "
+      end
+
+      # ORDER BY clause for the passed order option.
+      # 
+      # Uses column aliases as defined by #distinct.
+      def add_order_by_for_association_limiting!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
+        return sql if options[:order].blank?
+
+        order = options[:order].split(',').collect { |s| s.strip }.reject(&:blank?)
+        order.map! {|s| $1 if s =~ / (.*)/}
+        order = order.zip((0...order.size).to_a).map { |s,i| "alias_#{i}__ #{s}" }.join(', ')
+
+        sql << " ORDER BY #{order}"
+      end
+
+      protected
+
+      def translate_exception(exception, message) #:nodoc:
+        case @connection.error_code(exception)
+        when 1
+          RecordNotUnique.new(message, exception)
+        when 2291
+          InvalidForeignKey.new(message, exception)
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def select(sql, name = nil, return_column_names = false)
+        log(sql, name) do
+          @connection.select(sql, name, return_column_names)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def oracle_downcase(column_name)
+        @connection.oracle_downcase(column_name)
+      end
+
+      def column_for(table_name, column_name)
+        unless column = columns(table_name).find { |c| c.name == column_name.to_s }
+          raise "No such column: #{table_name}.#{column_name}"
+        end
+        column
+      end
+
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Added LOB writing callback for sessions stored in database
+# Otherwise it is not working as Session class is defined before OracleAdapter is loaded in Rails 2.0
+if defined?(CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore::Session)
+  if !CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore::Session.respond_to?(:after_save_callback_chain) ||
+      CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore::Session.after_save_callback_chain.detect{|cb| cb.method == :enhanced_write_lobs}.nil?
+    #:stopdoc:
+    class CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore::Session
+      after_save :enhanced_write_lobs
+    end
+    #:startdoc:
+  end
+end
+
+# Load custom create, update, delete methods functionality
+# rescue LoadError if ruby-plsql gem cannot be loaded
+begin
+  require 'active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_procedures'
+rescue LoadError
+  if defined?(RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER)
+    RAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER.info "INFO: ActiveRecord oracle_enhanced adapter could not load ruby-plsql gem. "+
+                              "Custom create, update and delete methods will not be available."
+  end
+end
+
+# Load additional methods for composite_primary_keys support
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_cpk'
+
+# Load patch for dirty tracking methods
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_dirty'
+
+# Load rake tasks definitions
+begin
+  require 'active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_tasks'
+rescue LoadError
+end if defined?(RAILS_ROOT)
+
+# Handles quoting of oracle reserved words
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_reserved_words'
+
+# Add BigDecimal#to_d, Fixnum#to_d and Bignum#to_d methods if not already present
+require 'active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_core_ext'
+