passenger 4.0.1 → 4.0.2

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Files changed (16) hide show
  1. data.tar.gz.asc +7 -7
  2. data/NEWS +8 -0
  3. data/doc/Architectural overview.html +35 -26
  4. data/doc/Security of user switching support.html +19 -17
  5. data/doc/Users guide Apache.html +171 -162
  6. data/doc/Users guide Nginx.html +129 -120
  7. data/doc/Users guide Standalone.html +16 -13
  8. data/ext/common/Constants.h +1 -1
  9. data/ext/common/Utils/MD5.cpp +19 -16
  10. data/ext/common/Utils/MD5.h +13 -8
  11. data/lib/phusion_passenger.rb +2 -2
  12. data/lib/phusion_passenger/packaging.rb +2 -1
  13. data/lib/phusion_passenger/request_handler.rb +0 -10
  14. metadata +2 -3
  15. metadata.gz.asc +7 -7
  16. data/doc/ApplicationPool algorithm.txt +0 -615
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data/NEWS CHANGED
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
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+ Release 4.0.2
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+ -------------
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+
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+ * Bumped the preferred Nginx version to 1.4.1 because of a critical
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+ Nginx security vulnerability, CVE-2013-2028. Users are advised to
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+ upgrade immediately.
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+
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  Release 4.0.1
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  -------------
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data/doc/Architectural overview.html CHANGED
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- <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAKCAYAAAEV95QVAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAZiS0dEAP8A/wD/oL2nkwAAAAlwSFlzAAALEwAACxMBAJqcGAAAAAd0SU1FB9sGCRMSACDxkZwAAAAidEVYdENvbW1lbnQAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVAgb24gYSBNYWOHqHdDAAAAZUlEQVQY032PSxbAIAjEIlfygL6ePF3UUvpzNjgSYWwqAMEhUQnANnsC7TQPeJpsVWzMuh2sog4vDTUbqP081zECrW4dtdaQGSIKlWluPyjK+VXxAz5XfcKufCzA130AfQHWB30HZxlPaP080xsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" width="11" height="10" alt=""><a href="javascript:void(Mizuho.smoothlyScrollToToc())">Phusion Passenger design &amp; architecture</a>
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+ <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAKCAYAAAEV95QVAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAZiS0dEAP8A/wD/oL2nkwAAAAlwSFlzAAALEwAACxMBAJqcGAAAAAd0SU1FB9sGCRMSACDxkZwAAAAidEVYdENvbW1lbnQAQ3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIEdJTVAgb24gYSBNYWOHqHdDAAAAZUlEQVQY032PSxbAIAjEIlfygL6ePF3UUvpzNjgSYWwqAMEhUQnANnsC7TQPeJpsVWzMuh2sog4vDTUbqP081zECrW4dtdaQGSIKlWluPyjK+VXxAz5XfcKufCzA130AfQHWB30HZxlPaP080xsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=" width="11" height="10" alt="">
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+ <a href="javascript:void(Mizuho.smoothlyScrollToToc())">Phusion Passenger design &amp; architecture</a>
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  </div>
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  <a href="javascript:void(0)" id="current_section"></a>
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  </div>
@@ -1068,7 +1070,8 @@ pre {
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  <div class="sectionbody">
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  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
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  <a class="image" href="http://www.phusion.nl/">
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+ </a>
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  </span></p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Last updated: June 5, 2012.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>This document describes Phusion Passenger’s design and architure in a global way.
@@ -1111,10 +1114,11 @@ to exit. This does not necessarily mean that the web application speaks HTTP
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  directly: it just means that the web application accepts some kind of
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  representation of an HTTP request.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
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- <img src="images/typical_isolated_web_application.png" alt="Architecture of a typical web application in isolation"></span></p></div>
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+ <img src="images/typical_isolated_web_application.png" alt="Architecture of a typical web application in isolation">
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Few web applications are accessible directly by HTTP clients. Common models
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  are:</p></div>
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  The web application is contained in an application server. This application
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  A J2EE application, contained in the Tomcat application server, proxied
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  any particular application server. The idea is that any Rack-compliant application
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  server can implement the Rack specification and work with all Rack-compliant web applications.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
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+ <img src="images/rack.png" alt="images/rack.png">
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+ </span></p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>In the distant past, each Ruby web framework had its own interface, so application
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  servers needed to explicitly add support for each web framework. Nowadays application
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  servers just support Rack.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Ruby on Rails has been fully Rack compliant since version 3.0. Rails 2.3 was partially
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  Rack-compliant while earlier versions were not Rack-compliant at all. Phusion Passenger
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  supports Rack as well as all Rails 1.x and 2.x versions.</p></div>
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  Phusion Passenger extends Apache/Nginx and allows it to act like an
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  application server. This is shown in the following diagram:</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger consists of:</p></div>
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  <li>
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  an Apache module, <em>mod_passenger</em>. This is written in C++, and can be found in the directory <em>ext/apache2</em>.
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  A less naive implementation would keep spawned application processes alive,
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  However, this still has several problems:</p></div>
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  The first request to a Rails website will be slow, and subsequent requests
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  <a href="rdoc/index.html">The spawn server’s RDoc documentation</a> documents the
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>As you can see, we have two layers of code caching: when the spawn server
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  request to the correct framework spawner server (and will spawn that framework
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  <td class="icon">
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that <a href="http://rubini.us/">Rubinius</a>'s garbage collector is already
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data/doc/Security of user switching support.html CHANGED
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  <span class="anchor_helper" id="_problem_description"></span><h2 data-anchor="_problem_description">1. Problem description</h2>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>A straightforward implementation of Passenger will spawn Rails applications in
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>It seems that the only way to solve this problem on Unix, is to run each Rails
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  Apache (and thus Passenger) must already be running as root.
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  Passenger runs the wrapper.
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  <div class="sectionbody">
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  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
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  <a class="image" href="http://www.phusion.nl/">
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is an application server which can directly integrate into Apache. It is designed to be easy to use, fast, stable and reliable and is used by <a href="http://trends.builtwith.com/Web-Server/Phusion-Passenger">hundreds of thousands of websites</a> all over the world.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is a so-called polyglot application server because it supports applications written in multiple programming languages. At this time, Ruby and Python are supported.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>This users guide will teach you:</p></div>
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  How to install Phusion Passenger.
@@ -1289,7 +1292,7 @@ if it doesn’t work on your POSIX-compliant operating system.</p></div>
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  <div class="sect2">
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  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_where_to_get_support"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="where-to-get-support-f3pbrb" data-anchor="_where_to_get_support">1.2. Where to get support</h3>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>The Phusion Passenger installation process consists of two steps:</p></div>
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  The <strong>obtainment step</strong>, where you download the Phusion Passenger files puts them somewhere on your system. This can be done through downloading the source tarball, installing the Ruby gem or installing a native OS package via APT or YUM.
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Do you see a filename that references <em>/home</em> or <em>/Users</em>? If so then your Ruby interpreter is installed in your home directory and you can proceed to step 2. Otherwise, you need to switch to a root prompt by running one of the following commands:</p></div>
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  Are you using RVM? Run <span class="monospaced">rvmsudo -s</span>
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  <span class="anchor_helper" id="add_rubygems_bin_dir_to_path"></span><h4 class="float" data-anchor="add_rubygems_bin_dir_to_path">Step 3: add the RubyGems bin directory to your $PATH</h4>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>If you all of the following are applicable to you:</p></div>
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  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="tarball_generic_install"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="installing-via-the-source-tarball-1cgxrqc" data-anchor="tarball_generic_install">2.3. Generic installation, upgrade and downgrade method: via tarball</h3>
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  <span class="anchor_helper" id="_step_1_download_and_extract_the_tarball"></span><h4 class="float" data-anchor="_step_1_download_and_extract_the_tarball">Step 1: download and extract the tarball</h4>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Download the open source Phusion Passenger tarball from <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download#open_source">the Phusion Passenger website</a>. Specific older versions are not found on the Phusion Passenger website, but are found in the following places:</p></div>
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  All versions starting from 4.0.0 can be found on <a href="https://code.google.com/p/phusion-passenger/downloads/list">Google Code</a>.
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  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_upgrading_from_open_source_to_enterprise"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="upgrading-from-open-source-to-enterprise-b17h8g" data-anchor="_upgrading_from_open_source_to_enterprise">2.6. Upgrading from open source to Enterprise</h3>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger comes in two variants: an open source version, as well as an <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Enterprise version</a> which introduces a myriad of useful features that can improve stability and performance and efficiency.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Customers who have bought Phusion Passenger Enterprise can upgrade their open source installation to Enterprise as follows:</p></div>
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  <a href="#uninstalling">Uninstall the open source Phusion Passenger</a>.
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  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_adding_additional_compiler_or_linker_flags"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="adding-additional-compiler-or-linker-flags-wzu0ey" data-anchor="_adding_additional_compiler_or_linker_flags">2.9.2. Adding additional compiler or linker flags</h4>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>On some systems, C/C++ libraries and headers that Phusion Passenger requires may be located in a non-standard directory. You can force the Phusion Passenger build system to look in those locations by injecting compiler and linker flags using the following environment variables:</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>The Phusion Passenger build system attempts to autodetect many things by locating relevant helper tools. For example, to find out which compiler flags it should use for compiling Apache modules, it locates the <span class="monospaced">apxs2</span> command and queries it. To find out which compiler flags it should use for libcurl, it queries the <span class="monospaced">curl-config</span> command. These commands may not be in <span class="monospaced">$PATH</span>, or even when they are you may want to use a different one.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>You can often force the build to find certain command line tools at certain locations by using the following environment variables:</p></div>
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  <span class="monospaced">HTTPD</span>
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  </dt>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>On most systems the Apache configuration file is located in either <em>/etc/apache2/httpd.conf</em> or <em>/etc/apache2/apache2.conf</em>. However, to allow better organization, many operating systems and Apache distributions also read configuration files in the <em>conf.d</em>, <em>mods-enabled</em> and <em>sites-enabled</em> subdirectories.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p><em>mods-enabled</em> contains symlinks to files in <em>mods-available</em>. This latter subdirectory contains config files for all available modules, while <em>mods-enabled</em> contains only a subset, namely the modules that should actually be enabled. The symlinks are created using the <span class="monospaced">a2enmod</span> tool. <em><strong>.load</strong></em> files contain <span class="monospaced">LoadModule</span> directives, while <em>.conf</em> files contain all other configuration directives.</p></div>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Use <em>mods-enabled</em>/<em>mods-available</em> to store Phusion Passenger configuration if you can:</p></div>
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  Create <em>/etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.load</em> and paste the <span class="monospaced">LoadModule ...</span> directive that <span class="monospaced">passenger-install-apache2-module</span> outputs.
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>To unload Phusion Passenger from the web server, edit your Apache configuration file(s)
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  If you installed Phusion Passenger via a Ruby gem, then run <span class="monospaced">gem uninstall passenger</span> (or, if you’re an <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a> user, <span class="monospaced">gem uninstall passenger-enterprise-server</span>).
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  <td class="content">The default <span class="monospaced">RAILS_ENV</span> environment in which deployed Rails applications
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  <div class="sect2">
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  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-ab4zj6" data-anchor="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root">3.1. Deploying to a virtual host’s root</h3>
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Add a virtual host entry to your Apache configuration file. Make sure that the
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  <td class="content">If you’re deploying to a sub-URI then please make sure that your view
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>You can deploy multiple Rails applications under a virtual host, by specifying
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  <div class="paragraph"><p>Deploying a new version of a Ruby on Rails application is as simple as
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  <em>http://www.rackapp.com/</em>), or in a sub URI (i.e. the application will be
2396
2399
  accessible from a sub URL, such as <em>http://www.rackapp.com/rackapp</em>).</p></div>
2397
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  <div class="admonitionblock">
2398
- <table><tr>
2401
+ <table><tr>
2399
2402
  <td class="icon">
2400
- <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
2403
+ <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
2401
2404
  </td>
2402
2405
  <td class="content">The default <span class="monospaced">RACK_ENV</span> environment in which deployed Rack applications
2403
2406
  are run, is “production”. You can change this by changing the
2404
2407
  <a href="#rack_env"><em>RackEnv</em></a> configuration option.</td>
2405
- </tr></table>
2408
+ </tr></table>
2406
2409
  </div>
2407
2410
  <div class="sect2">
2408
2411
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_tutorial_example_writing_and_deploying_a_hello_world_rack_application"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="tutorial-example-writing-and-deploying-a-hello-world-rack-application-axp5z5" data-anchor="_tutorial_example_writing_and_deploying_a_hello_world_rack_application">4.1. Tutorial/example: writing and deploying a Hello World Rack application</h3>
@@ -2448,7 +2451,7 @@ under the URL <em>http://www.rackexample.com/</em>.</p></div>
2448
2451
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root_2"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-u9bfax" data-anchor="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root_2">4.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root</h3>
2449
2452
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Add a virtual host entry to your Apache configuration file. Make sure that the
2450
2453
  following conditions are met:</p></div>
2451
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
2454
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
2452
2455
  <li>
2453
2456
  <p>
2454
2457
  The virtual host’s document root must point to your Rack application’s
@@ -2481,7 +2484,7 @@ MultiViews must be disabled for this folder.
2481
2484
  </div>
2482
2485
  <div class="paragraph"><p>You may also need to tweak your file/folder permissions. Make sure that the
2483
2486
  following folders are readable and executable by Apache:</p></div>
2484
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
2487
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
2485
2488
  <li>
2486
2489
  <p>
2487
2490
  this <em>public</em> folder.
@@ -2525,7 +2528,7 @@ point to your Rack application’s <em>public</em> folder. For example:</p></div
2525
2528
  </div>
2526
2529
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Next, add a <a href="#RackBaseURI">RackBaseURI</a> option to the virtual host configuration,
2527
2530
  and also make sure that:</p></div>
2528
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
2531
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
2529
2532
  <li>
2530
2533
  <p>
2531
2534
  The Apache per-directory permissions allow access to this folder.
@@ -2556,9 +2559,9 @@ MultiViews is disabled for this folder.
2556
2559
  </div>
2557
2560
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Then restart Apache. The application has now been deployed.</p></div>
2558
2561
  <div class="admonitionblock">
2559
- <table><tr>
2562
+ <table><tr>
2560
2563
  <td class="icon">
2561
- <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
2564
+ <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
2562
2565
  </td>
2563
2566
  <td class="content">
2564
2567
  <div class="paragraph"><p>You can deploy multiple Rack applications under a virtual host, by specifying
@@ -2574,7 +2577,7 @@ MultiViews is disabled for this folder.
2574
2577
  </div>
2575
2578
  </div>
2576
2579
  </td>
2577
- </tr></table>
2580
+ </tr></table>
2578
2581
  </div>
2579
2582
  </div>
2580
2583
  <div class="sect2">
@@ -2582,7 +2585,7 @@ MultiViews is disabled for this folder.
2582
2585
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Deploying a new version of a Rack application is as simple as
2583
2586
  re-uploading the application files, and restarting the application.</p></div>
2584
2587
  <div class="paragraph"><p>There are two ways to restart the application:</p></div>
2585
- <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
2588
+ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
2586
2589
  <li>
2587
2590
  <p>
2588
2591
  By restarting Apache.
@@ -2705,7 +2708,7 @@ run Sinatra::Application</pre>
2705
2708
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_deploying_a_wsgi_python_application"></span><h2 data-comment-topic="deploying-a-wsgi-python-application-7aygdl" data-anchor="_deploying_a_wsgi_python_application">5. Deploying a WSGI (Python) application</h2>
2706
2709
  <div class="sectionbody">
2707
2710
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger supports all WSGI-compliant Python web applications. Suppose that you have a WSGI application in <em>/webapps/wsgiapp</em>. Then that folder must contain at least three entries:</p></div>
2708
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
2711
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
2709
2712
  <li>
2710
2713
  <p>
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2714
  <em>passenger_wsgi.py</em>, which Phusion Passenger will use as the main entry point for your application. This file must export a WSGI object called <span class="monospaced">application</span>.
@@ -2777,7 +2780,7 @@ under the URL <em>http://www.wsgiexample.com/</em>.</p></div>
2777
2780
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root_3"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-zzo4v7" data-anchor="_deploying_to_a_virtual_host_8217_s_root_3">5.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root</h3>
2778
2781
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Add a virtual host entry to your Apache configuration file. Make sure that the
2779
2782
  following conditions are met:</p></div>
2780
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
2783
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
2781
2784
  <li>
2782
2785
  <p>
2783
2786
  The virtual host’s document root must point to your WSGI application’s
@@ -2810,7 +2813,7 @@ MultiViews must be disabled for this folder.
2810
2813
  </div>
2811
2814
  <div class="paragraph"><p>You may also need to tweak your file/folder permissions. Make sure that the
2812
2815
  following folders are readable and executable by Apache:</p></div>
2813
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
2816
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
2814
2817
  <li>
2815
2818
  <p>
2816
2819
  this <em>public</em> folder.
@@ -2834,7 +2837,7 @@ all parent folders. That is, /webapps/wsgiapp and /webapps must also be readable
2834
2837
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Deploying a new version of a WSGI application is as simple as
2835
2838
  re-uploading the application files, and restarting the application.</p></div>
2836
2839
  <div class="paragraph"><p>There are two ways to restart the application:</p></div>
2837
- <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
2840
+ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
2838
2841
  <li>
2839
2842
  <p>
2840
2843
  By restarting Apache.
@@ -2885,7 +2888,7 @@ this option as well. Please read
2885
2888
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerRuby"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerruby-filename--1r3fv73" data-anchor="PassengerRuby">6.3. PassengerRuby &lt;filename&gt;</h3>
2886
2889
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span> and <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> directives specify the Ruby interpreter to use. Similarly, the <span class="monospaced">PassengerPython</span> directive is for specifying the Python interpreter.</p></div>
2887
2890
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The relationship between <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span> and <span class="monospaced">PassengerRuby</span> is as follows:</p></div>
2888
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
2891
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
2889
2892
  <li>
2890
2893
  <p>
2891
2894
  <span class="monospaced">PassengerDefaultRuby</span> may only occur in the global server configuration.
@@ -3012,7 +3015,7 @@ is the parent directory of the <em>public</em> directory. This option allows one
3012
3015
  specify the application’s root independently from the DocumentRoot, which
3013
3016
  is useful if the <em>public</em> directory lives in a non-standard place.</p></div>
3014
3017
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3015
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3018
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3016
3019
  <li>
3017
3020
  <p>
3018
3021
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3050,9 +3053,9 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
3050
3053
  <div class="sect2">
3051
3054
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerSpawnMethod"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="passengerspawnmethod-string--sodg2y" data-anchor="PassengerSpawnMethod">6.6. PassengerSpawnMethod &lt;string&gt;</h3>
3052
3055
  <div class="admonitionblock">
3053
- <table><tr>
3056
+ <table><tr>
3054
3057
  <td class="icon">
3055
- <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
3058
+ <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
3056
3059
  </td>
3057
3060
  <td class="content">
3058
3061
  <div class="title">"What spawn method should I use?"</div>
@@ -3067,12 +3070,12 @@ understand it, as it’s mostly a technical detail. You can basically follow thi
3067
3070
  <div class="paragraph"><p>However, we do recommend you to try to understand it. The <em>smart</em> and <em>smart-lv2</em> spawn
3068
3071
  methods bring many benefits.</p></div>
3069
3072
  </td>
3070
- </tr></table>
3073
+ </tr></table>
3071
3074
  </div>
3072
3075
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Internally, Phusion Passenger spawns multiple Ruby application processes in order to handle
3073
3076
  requests. But there are multiple ways with which processes can be spawned, each having
3074
3077
  its own set of pros and cons. Supported spawn methods are:</p></div>
3075
- <div class="dlist"><dl>
3078
+ <div class="dlist"><dl>
3076
3079
  <dt class="hdlist1">
3077
3080
  <em>smart</em>
3078
3081
  </dt>
@@ -3116,7 +3119,7 @@ to <em>smart</em>. The old <em>smart</em> spawning has been removed in favor of
3116
3119
  </div>
3117
3120
  </div>
3118
3121
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3119
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3122
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3120
3123
  <li>
3121
3124
  <p>
3122
3125
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3153,7 +3156,7 @@ follows:</p></div>
3153
3156
  </div>
3154
3157
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This way, Phusion Passenger will not interfere with Wordpress.</p></div>
3155
3158
  <div class="paragraph"><p><em>PassengerEnabled</em> may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3156
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3159
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3157
3160
  <li>
3158
3161
  <p>
3159
3162
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3225,7 +3228,7 @@ Apache worker processes as different users. So if you’re using apace2-mpm-itk,
3225
3228
  you should set this option to a directory that is writable by all Apache worker
3226
3229
  processes, such as <em>/tmp</em>.</p></div>
3227
3230
  <div class="paragraph"><p>You may specify <em>PassengerUploadBufferDir</em> in the following places:</p></div>
3228
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3231
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3229
3232
  <li>
3230
3233
  <p>
3231
3234
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3258,7 +3261,7 @@ may be desirable for Phusion Passenger to look in a different directory instead,
3258
3261
  for example for security reasons (see below). This option allows you to
3259
3262
  customize the directory in which <em>restart.txt</em> is searched for.</p></div>
3260
3263
  <div class="paragraph"><p>You may specify <em>PassengerRestartDir</em> in the following places:</p></div>
3261
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3264
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3262
3265
  <li>
3263
3266
  <p>
3264
3267
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3328,7 +3331,7 @@ directory that’s readable by Apache, but only writable by administrators.</p><
3328
3331
  <div class="paragraph"><p>When turned on, application-generated responses are buffered by Apache. Buffering will
3329
3332
  happen in memory.</p></div>
3330
3333
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Before we proceed with explaining this configuration option, we want to state the following to avoid confusion. If you use Phusion Passenger for Apache, there are in fact two response buffering systems active:</p></div>
3331
- <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
3334
+ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
3332
3335
  <li>
3333
3336
  <p>
3334
3337
  The Apache response buffering system. <span class="monospaced">PassengerBufferResponse</span> turns this on or off.
@@ -3389,7 +3392,7 @@ after which it receives the entire response at once.
3389
3392
  When <span class="monospaced">PassengerBufferResponse</span> is turned off, it works as expected: the client
3390
3393
  receives an "entry X" message every second for 10 seconds.</p></div>
3391
3394
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3392
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3395
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3393
3396
  <li>
3394
3397
  <p>
3395
3398
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3413,15 +3416,15 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>.
3413
3416
  </ul></div>
3414
3417
  <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>off</em>.</p></div>
3415
3418
  <div class="admonitionblock">
3416
- <table><tr>
3419
+ <table><tr>
3417
3420
  <td class="icon">
3418
- <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
3421
+ <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
3419
3422
  </td>
3420
3423
  <td class="content">
3421
3424
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="#PassengerBufferResponse">PassengerBufferResponse</a> directive should be turned off
3422
3425
  if responses can be huge. Because entire responses are buffered in memory when turned on.</p></div>
3423
3426
  </td>
3424
- </tr></table>
3427
+ </tr></table>
3425
3428
  </div>
3426
3429
  </div>
3427
3430
  <div class="sect2">
@@ -3434,7 +3437,7 @@ of a new application process could take a while, and any requests that
3434
3437
  come in during this time will be blocked until this first application
3435
3438
  process has spawned.</p></div>
3436
3439
  <div class="paragraph"><p>But when rolling restarts are enabled, Phusion Passenger Enterprise will:</p></div>
3437
- <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
3440
+ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
3438
3441
  <li>
3439
3442
  <p>
3440
3443
  Spawn a new process in the background.
@@ -3453,7 +3456,7 @@ Step 1 and 2 are repeated until all processes have been replaced.
3453
3456
  </ol></div>
3454
3457
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This way, visitors will not experience any delays when you are restarting your application. This allows you to, for example, upgrade your application often without degrading user experience.</p></div>
3455
3458
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Rolling restarts have a few caveat however that you should be aware of:</p></div>
3456
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3459
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3457
3460
  <li>
3458
3461
  <p>
3459
3462
  Upgrading an application sometimes involves upgrading the database schema.
@@ -3473,7 +3476,7 @@ Because there’s no telling which process will serve a request, users may
3473
3476
  </li>
3474
3477
  </ul></div>
3475
3478
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3476
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3479
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3477
3480
  <li>
3478
3481
  <p>
3479
3482
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3503,7 +3506,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
3503
3506
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Enables or disables resistance against deployment errors.</p></div>
3504
3507
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you’ve upgraded your application and you’ve issues a command to restart it (by touching restart.txt), but the application code contains an error that prevents Phusion Passenger from successfully spawning a process (e.g. a syntax error). Phusion Passenger would normally display an error message in response to this.</p></div>
3505
3508
  <div class="paragraph"><p>By enabling deployment error resistance, Phusion Passenger Enterprise would instead do this:</p></div>
3506
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3509
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3507
3510
  <li>
3508
3511
  <p>
3509
3512
  It passes the request to one of the existing application processes (that belong to the previous version of the application). The visitor will not see a Phusion Passenger process spawning error message.
@@ -3523,7 +3526,7 @@ It sets an internal flag so that no processes for this application will be spawn
3523
3526
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This way, visitors will suffer minimally from deployment errors. Phusion Passenger will attempt to restart the application again next time restart.txt is touched.</p></div>
3524
3527
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Enabling deployment error resistance only works if <a href="#PassengerRollingRestarts">rolling restart</a> is also enabled.</p></div>
3525
3528
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3526
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3529
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3527
3530
  <li>
3528
3531
  <p>
3529
3532
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3563,7 +3566,7 @@ by default run the web application as the owner of the file <em>config/environme
3563
3566
  that behavior and explicitly set a user to run the web application as, regardless
3564
3567
  of the ownership of <em>environment.rb</em>/<em>config.ru</em>.</p></div>
3565
3568
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3566
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3569
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3567
3570
  <li>
3568
3571
  <p>
3569
3572
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3592,7 +3595,7 @@ as, regardless of the ownership of <em>environment.rb</em>/<em>config.ru</em>.</
3592
3595
  <div class="paragraph"><p><em>&lt;group name&gt;</em> may also be set to the special value <em>!STARTUP_FILE!</em>, in which case
3593
3596
  the web application’s group will be set to <em>environment.rb</em>/<em>config.ru</em>'s group.</p></div>
3594
3597
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3595
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3598
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3596
3599
  <li>
3597
3600
  <p>
3598
3601
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3638,7 +3641,7 @@ but the page might reveal potentially sensitive information, depending on the
3638
3641
  application. Experienced system administrators who are using Phusion Passenger
3639
3642
  on serious production servers should consider turning this feature off.</p></div>
3640
3643
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3641
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3644
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3642
3645
  <li>
3643
3646
  <p>
3644
3647
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3683,7 +3686,7 @@ non-zero value if you want to avoid potentially long startup times after a websi
3683
3686
  has been <a href="#idle_process">idle</a> for an extended period.</p></div>
3684
3687
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Please note that this option does <strong>not</strong> pre-start application processes during Apache
3685
3688
  startup. It just makes sure that when the application is first accessed:</p></div>
3686
- <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
3689
+ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
3687
3690
  <li>
3688
3691
  <p>
3689
3692
  at least the given number of processes will be spawned.
@@ -3722,7 +3725,7 @@ simultanously. Phusion Passenger will start 12 more application processes. After
3722
3725
  timeout of 10 seconds have passed, Phusion Passenger will clean up 12 application
3723
3726
  processes, keeping 3 processes around.</p></div>
3724
3727
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The PassengerMinInstances option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3725
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3728
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3726
3729
  <li>
3727
3730
  <p>
3728
3731
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3757,7 +3760,7 @@ means that there is no limit placed on the number of processes a single applicat
3757
3760
  may spawn, i.e. only the global limit of <a href="#PassengerMaxPoolSize">PassengerMaxPoolSize</a>
3758
3761
  will be enforced.</p></div>
3759
3762
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3760
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3763
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3761
3764
  <li>
3762
3765
  <p>
3763
3766
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3771,9 +3774,9 @@ In a virtual host configuration block.
3771
3774
  </ul></div>
3772
3775
  <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
3773
3776
  <div class="admonitionblock">
3774
- <table><tr>
3777
+ <table><tr>
3775
3778
  <td class="icon">
3776
- <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
3779
+ <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
3777
3780
  </td>
3778
3781
  <td class="content">
3779
3782
  <div class="title">Practical usage example</div>
@@ -3784,7 +3787,7 @@ to 10. The e-commerce website is more important to you. You can then set
3784
3787
  than 3 processes, even if it suddenly gets a lot of traffic. Your e-commerce website
3785
3788
  on the other hand will be free to spawn up to 10 processes if it gets a lot of traffic.</p></div>
3786
3789
  </td>
3787
- </tr></table>
3790
+ </tr></table>
3788
3791
  </div>
3789
3792
  </div>
3790
3793
  <div class="sect3">
@@ -3799,9 +3802,9 @@ will be enforced.</p></div>
3799
3802
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may only occur once, in the global server configuration.
3800
3803
  The default value is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
3801
3804
  <div class="admonitionblock">
3802
- <table><tr>
3805
+ <table><tr>
3803
3806
  <td class="icon">
3804
- <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
3807
+ <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
3805
3808
  </td>
3806
3809
  <td class="content">
3807
3810
  <div class="title">Practical usage example</div>
@@ -3815,12 +3818,12 @@ settled down and it has released more pool slots.</p></div>
3815
3818
  <em>PassengerMaxInstancesPerApp</em> to 5. This way, both blogs will never use more
3816
3819
  than 5 pool slots.</p></div>
3817
3820
  </td>
3818
- </tr></table>
3821
+ </tr></table>
3819
3822
  </div>
3820
3823
  <div class="admonitionblock">
3821
- <table><tr>
3824
+ <table><tr>
3822
3825
  <td class="icon">
3823
- <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
3826
+ <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
3824
3827
  </td>
3825
3828
  <td class="content">
3826
3829
  <div class="title">Relation with PassengerMaxInstances</div>
@@ -3837,7 +3840,7 @@ on the other hand will be free to use up all 10 slots if it gets a lot of traffi
3837
3840
  different web applications, while <em>PassengerMaxInstances</em> allows one to divide
3838
3841
  the pool unequally, according to each web application’s relative importance.</p></div>
3839
3842
  </td>
3840
- </tr></table>
3843
+ </tr></table>
3841
3844
  </div>
3842
3845
  </div>
3843
3846
  <div class="sect3">
@@ -3877,7 +3880,7 @@ you’re using the <em>smart</em> or <em>smart-lv2</em> <a href="#PassengerSpawn
3877
3880
  system has enough memory, is it recommended that you set this option to a high
3878
3881
  value or to <em>0</em>.</p></div>
3879
3882
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3880
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3883
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3881
3884
  <li>
3882
3885
  <p>
3883
3886
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3895,7 +3898,7 @@ In a virtual host configuration block.
3895
3898
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="PassengerConcurrencyModel"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerconcurrencymodel-process-thread--1eipofj" data-anchor="PassengerConcurrencyModel">6.15.7. PassengerConcurrencyModel &lt;process|thread&gt;</h4>
3896
3899
  <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 4.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
3897
3900
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Specifies the I/O concurrency model that should be used for application processes. Phusion Passenger supports two concurrency models:</p></div>
3898
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3901
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3899
3902
  <li>
3900
3903
  <p>
3901
3904
  <em>process</em> - single-threaded, multi-processed I/O concurrency. Each application process only has a single thread and can only handle 1 request at a time. This is the concurrency model that Ruby applications traditionally used. It has excellent compatiblity (can work with applications that are not designed to be thread-safe) but is unsuitable workloads in which the application has to wait for a lot of external I/O (e.g. HTTP API calls), and uses more memory because each process has a large memory overhead.
@@ -3908,7 +3911,7 @@ In a virtual host configuration block.
3908
3911
  </li>
3909
3912
  </ul></div>
3910
3913
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3911
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3914
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3912
3915
  <li>
3913
3916
  <p>
3914
3917
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3937,7 +3940,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>.
3937
3940
  <div class="paragraph"><p><strong>This feature is only available in <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/enterprise">Phusion Passenger Enterprise</a>. It was introduced in version 4.0.0. <a href="https://www.phusionpassenger.com/download">Buy Phusion Passenger Enterprise here.</a></strong></p></div>
3938
3941
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Specifies the number of threads that Phusion Passenger should spawn per application process. This option only has effect if <a href="#PassengerConcurrencyModel">PassengerConcurrencyModel</a> is <em>thread</em>.</p></div>
3939
3942
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3940
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3943
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3941
3944
  <li>
3942
3945
  <p>
3943
3946
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3972,7 +3975,7 @@ reached.</p></div>
3972
3975
  it down after a certain number of requests, all of its memory is guaranteed
3973
3976
  to be freed by the operating system.</p></div>
3974
3977
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
3975
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
3978
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
3976
3979
  <li>
3977
3980
  <p>
3978
3981
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -3996,9 +3999,9 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Limits</span> i
3996
3999
  </ul></div>
3997
4000
  <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
3998
4001
  <div class="admonitionblock">
3999
- <table><tr>
4002
+ <table><tr>
4000
4003
  <td class="icon">
4001
- <img src="./images/icons/caution.png" alt="Caution">
4004
+ <img src="./images/icons/caution.png" alt="Caution">
4002
4005
  </td>
4003
4006
  <td class="content">
4004
4007
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="#PassengerMaxRequests">PassengerMaxRequests</a> directive should be considered
@@ -4006,7 +4009,7 @@ as a workaround for misbehaving applications. It is advised that you fix the
4006
4009
  problem in your application rather than relying on these directives as a
4007
4010
  measure to avoid memory leaks.</p></div>
4008
4011
  </td>
4009
- </tr></table>
4012
+ </tr></table>
4010
4013
  </div>
4011
4014
  </div>
4012
4015
  <div class="sect3">
@@ -4019,7 +4022,7 @@ restarted upon the next request. A value of 0 means that there is no time limit.
4019
4022
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option is useful for preventing your application from freezing for an
4020
4023
  indefinite period of time.</p></div>
4021
4024
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4022
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4025
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4023
4026
  <li>
4024
4027
  <p>
4025
4028
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4065,9 +4068,9 @@ to 10 seconds. You can then configure Phusion Passenger as follows:</p>
4065
4068
  or if a request to any other URI takes more than 2 seconds,
4066
4069
  then the corresponding application process will be forced to shutdown.</p></div>
4067
4070
  <div class="admonitionblock">
4068
- <table><tr>
4071
+ <table><tr>
4069
4072
  <td class="icon">
4070
- <img src="./images/icons/caution.png" alt="Caution">
4073
+ <img src="./images/icons/caution.png" alt="Caution">
4071
4074
  </td>
4072
4075
  <td class="content">
4073
4076
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="#PassengerMaxRequestTime">PassengerMaxRequestTime</a> directive should be
@@ -4075,7 +4078,7 @@ considered as a workaround for misbehaving applications. It is advised that you
4075
4078
  fix the problem in your application rather than relying on these directives as a
4076
4079
  measure to avoid freezing applications.</p></div>
4077
4080
  </td>
4078
- </tr></table>
4081
+ </tr></table>
4079
4082
  </div>
4080
4083
  </div>
4081
4084
  <div class="sect3">
@@ -4089,7 +4092,7 @@ will not be checked.</p></div>
4089
4092
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option is useful if your application is leaking memory. By shutting
4090
4093
  it down, all of its memory is guaranteed to be freed by the operating system.</p></div>
4091
4094
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4092
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4095
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4093
4096
  <li>
4094
4097
  <p>
4095
4098
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4113,9 +4116,9 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Limits</span> i
4113
4116
  </ul></div>
4114
4117
  <div class="paragraph"><p>In each place, it may be specified at most once. The default value is <em>0</em>.</p></div>
4115
4118
  <div class="admonitionblock">
4116
- <table><tr>
4119
+ <table><tr>
4117
4120
  <td class="icon">
4118
- <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
4121
+ <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
4119
4122
  </td>
4120
4123
  <td class="content">
4121
4124
  <div class="title">A word about permissions</div>
@@ -4126,12 +4129,12 @@ not obtainable through <span class="monospaced">ps</span>. You should ensure tha
4126
4129
  correctly and that the <span class="monospaced">/proc</span> filesystem is accessible by the
4127
4130
  <span class="monospaced">PassengerHelperAgent</span> process.</p></div>
4128
4131
  </td>
4129
- </tr></table>
4132
+ </tr></table>
4130
4133
  </div>
4131
4134
  <div class="admonitionblock">
4132
- <table><tr>
4135
+ <table><tr>
4133
4136
  <td class="icon">
4134
- <img src="./images/icons/caution.png" alt="Caution">
4137
+ <img src="./images/icons/caution.png" alt="Caution">
4135
4138
  </td>
4136
4139
  <td class="content">
4137
4140
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="#PassengerMaxRequests">PassengerMaxRequests</a> and
@@ -4140,14 +4143,14 @@ as workarounds for misbehaving applications. It is advised that you fix the
4140
4143
  problem in your application rather than relying on these directives as a
4141
4144
  measure to avoid memory leaks.</p></div>
4142
4145
  </td>
4143
- </tr></table>
4146
+ </tr></table>
4144
4147
  </div>
4145
4148
  </div>
4146
4149
  <div class="sect3">
4147
4150
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_passengerstatthrottlerate_lt_integer_gt"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="passengerstatthrottlerate-integer--1dcfda3" data-anchor="_passengerstatthrottlerate_lt_integer_gt">6.15.12. PassengerStatThrottleRate &lt;integer&gt;</h4>
4148
4151
  <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, Phusion Passenger performs several filesystem checks (or, in
4149
4152
  programmers jargon, <em>stat() calls</em>) each time a request is processed:</p></div>
4150
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4153
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4151
4154
  <li>
4152
4155
  <p>
4153
4156
  It checks whether <em>config/environment.rb</em>, <em>config.ru</em> or <em>passenger_wsgi.py</em>
@@ -4171,7 +4174,7 @@ seconds. Setting it to a value of <em>0</em> means that no throttling will take
4171
4174
  or in other words, that the above list of filesystem checks will be performed on
4172
4175
  every request.</p></div>
4173
4176
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4174
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4177
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4175
4178
  <li>
4176
4179
  <p>
4177
4180
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4203,14 +4206,14 @@ web application might experience a small delay as Phusion Passenger is starting
4203
4206
  the web application on demand. If that is undesirable, then this directive can be
4204
4207
  used to pre-started application processes during Apache startup.</p></div>
4205
4208
  <div class="paragraph"><p>A few things to be careful of:</p></div>
4206
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4209
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4207
4210
  <li>
4208
4211
  <p>
4209
4212
  This directive accepts the <strong>URL</strong> of the web application you want to pre-start,
4210
4213
  not a on/off value! This might seem a bit weird, but read on for rationale. As
4211
4214
  for the specifics of the URL:
4212
4215
  </p>
4213
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4216
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4214
4217
  <li>
4215
4218
  <p>
4216
4219
  The domain part of the URL must be equal to the value of the <em>ServerName</em>
@@ -4241,7 +4244,7 @@ You will probably want to combine this option with
4241
4244
  </li>
4242
4245
  </ul></div>
4243
4246
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4244
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4247
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4245
4248
  <li>
4246
4249
  <p>
4247
4250
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4359,7 +4362,7 @@ PassengerPreStart http://bar.com:3500/</pre>
4359
4362
  <div class="paragraph"><p>A directive that accepts a simple on/off flag is definitely more intuitive,
4360
4363
  but due technical difficulties w.r.t. the way Apache works, it’s very hard
4361
4364
  to implement it like that:</p></div>
4362
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4365
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4363
4366
  <li>
4364
4367
  <p>
4365
4368
  It is very hard to obtain a full list of web applications defined in the
@@ -4447,7 +4450,7 @@ performance mode via testing.</p></div>
4447
4450
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option is <strong>not</strong> an all-or-nothing global option: you can enable high
4448
4451
  performance mode for certain virtual hosts or certain URLs only.
4449
4452
  The <em>PassengerHighPerformance</em> option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4450
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4453
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4451
4454
  <li>
4452
4455
  <p>
4453
4456
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4524,7 +4527,7 @@ then you can enable high performance mode for a certain URL only. For example:</
4524
4527
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Configures whether Phusion Passenger should resolve symlinks in the document root.
4525
4528
  Please refer to <a href="#application_detection">How Phusion Passenger detects whether a virtual host is a web application</a> for more information.</p></div>
4526
4529
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4527
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4530
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4528
4531
  <li>
4529
4532
  <p>
4530
4533
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4558,7 +4561,7 @@ as well as Apache’s
4558
4561
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Is it important that you turn on both AllowEncodedSlashes <strong>and</strong> PassengerAllowEncodedSlashes,
4559
4562
  otherwise this feature will not work properly.</p></div>
4560
4563
  <div class="paragraph"><p>PassengerAllowEncodedSlashes may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4561
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4564
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4562
4565
  <li>
4563
4566
  <p>
4564
4567
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4625,7 +4628,7 @@ displaying maintenance.html will work fine even for URLs starting with "/users".
4625
4628
  write to the Apache error log file. A higher log level value means that more
4626
4629
  information will be logged.</p></div>
4627
4630
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Possible values are:</p></div>
4628
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4631
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4629
4632
  <li>
4630
4633
  <p>
4631
4634
  <em>0</em>: Show only errors and warnings.
@@ -4674,7 +4677,7 @@ gem 'debugger', :platforms =&gt; :ruby_19</pre>
4674
4677
  </div>
4675
4678
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Once debugging is turned on, you can use the command <span class="monospaced">passenger-irb --debug &lt;PID&gt;</span> to attach an rdebug console to the application process with the given PID. Attaching will succeed once the application process executes a <span class="monospaced">debugger</span> command.</p></div>
4676
4679
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4677
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4680
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4678
4681
  <li>
4679
4682
  <p>
4680
4683
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4710,7 +4713,7 @@ Ruby on Rails &gt;= 3.x applications are considered Rack applications.</p></div>
4710
4713
  <div class="paragraph"><p>It is allowed to specify this option multiple times. Do this to deploy multiple
4711
4714
  Rails applications in different sub-URIs under the same virtual host.</p></div>
4712
4715
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4713
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4716
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4714
4717
  <li>
4715
4718
  <p>
4716
4719
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4737,7 +4740,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
4737
4740
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="rails_env"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="railsenv-string--1b0xxvu" data-anchor="rails_env">6.18.2. RailsEnv &lt;string&gt;</h4>
4738
4741
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option allows one to specify the default <span class="monospaced">RAILS_ENV</span> value.</p></div>
4739
4742
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4740
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4743
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4741
4744
  <li>
4742
4745
  <p>
4743
4746
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4771,7 +4774,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
4771
4774
  <div class="paragraph"><p>It is allowed to specify this option multiple times. Do this to deploy multiple
4772
4775
  Rack applications in different sub-URIs under the same virtual host.</p></div>
4773
4776
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4774
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4777
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4775
4778
  <li>
4776
4779
  <p>
4777
4780
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4800,7 +4803,7 @@ In <em>.htaccess</em>, if <span class="monospaced">AllowOverride Options</span>
4800
4803
  environment variable. This allows one to define the environment in which
4801
4804
  Rack applications are run, very similar to <span class="monospaced">RAILS_ENV</span>.</p></div>
4802
4805
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This option may occur in the following places:</p></div>
4803
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4806
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4804
4807
  <li>
4805
4808
  <p>
4806
4809
  In the global server configuration.
@@ -4898,7 +4901,7 @@ to fix this problem.</p></div>
4898
4901
  <div class="content">
4899
4902
  <div class="title">Symptoms</div>
4900
4903
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Installing Phusion Passenger fails because of one of the following errors:</p></div>
4901
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
4904
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
4902
4905
  <li>
4903
4906
  <p>
4904
4907
  The Phusion Passenger installer tells you that the Ruby development headers
@@ -4923,7 +4926,7 @@ must be installed. On most Linux systems, Ruby and the Ruby development headers
4923
4926
  are contained in separate packages, so having Ruby installed does not
4924
4927
  automatically imply having the development headers installed.</p></div>
4925
4928
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Here’s how you can install the development headers:</p></div>
4926
- <div class="dlist"><dl>
4929
+ <div class="dlist"><dl>
4927
4930
  <dt class="hdlist1">
4928
4931
  Ubuntu/Debian
4929
4932
  </dt>
@@ -4979,15 +4982,15 @@ Other operating systems
4979
4982
  </dd>
4980
4983
  </dl></div>
4981
4984
  <div class="admonitionblock">
4982
- <table><tr>
4985
+ <table><tr>
4983
4986
  <td class="icon">
4984
- <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
4987
+ <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
4985
4988
  </td>
4986
4989
  <td class="content">If you’ve installed a new Ruby version (i.e. your system now contains
4987
4990
  multiple Ruby installations), then you will need to tell Phusion Passenger
4988
4991
  which Ruby installation you want to use. Please read
4989
4992
  <a href="#specifying_ruby_installation">Specifying the correct Ruby installation</a>.</td>
4990
- </tr></table>
4993
+ </tr></table>
4991
4994
  </div>
4992
4995
  </div>
4993
4996
  <div class="sect3">
@@ -4996,7 +4999,7 @@ which Ruby installation you want to use. Please read
4996
4999
  <div class="content">
4997
5000
  <div class="title">Symptoms</div>
4998
5001
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Installing Phusion Passenger fails because of one of the following errors:</p></div>
4999
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
5002
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
5000
5003
  <li>
5001
5004
  <p>
5002
5005
  The installer says that the Apache development headers aren’t installed.
@@ -5012,7 +5015,7 @@ else similar to <em>http_*.h</em>.)</p></div>
5012
5015
  </ul></div>
5013
5016
  </div>
5014
5017
  </div>
5015
- <div class="dlist"><dl>
5018
+ <div class="dlist"><dl>
5016
5019
  <dt class="hdlist1">
5017
5020
  Ubuntu
5018
5021
  </dt>
@@ -5087,7 +5090,7 @@ Other operating systems
5087
5090
  <div class="content">
5088
5091
  <div class="title">Symptoms</div>
5089
5092
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Installing Phusion Passenger fails because one of the following errors:</p></div>
5090
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
5093
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
5091
5094
  <li>
5092
5095
  <p>
5093
5096
  The installer tells you that APR development headers aren’t installed.
@@ -5106,7 +5109,7 @@ The error message “'apr_strings.h: No such file or directory”' occurs.
5106
5109
  </ul></div>
5107
5110
  </div>
5108
5111
  </div>
5109
- <div class="dlist"><dl>
5112
+ <div class="dlist"><dl>
5110
5113
  <dt class="hdlist1">
5111
5114
  Ubuntu
5112
5115
  </dt>
@@ -5179,9 +5182,9 @@ Other operating systems
5179
5182
  <div class="sect2">
5180
5183
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_problems_after_installation"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="problems-after-installation-fwd23q" data-anchor="_problems_after_installation">7.3. Problems after installation</h3>
5181
5184
  <div class="admonitionblock">
5182
- <table><tr>
5185
+ <table><tr>
5183
5186
  <td class="icon">
5184
- <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
5187
+ <img src="./images/icons/tip.png" alt="Tip">
5185
5188
  </td>
5186
5189
  <td class="content">
5187
5190
  <div class="title">The golden tip: read your Apache error logs!</div>
@@ -5189,7 +5192,7 @@ Other operating systems
5189
5192
  you’re experiencing post-installation problems, please look
5190
5193
  inside the Apache error logs. It will tell you what exactly went wrong.</p></div>
5191
5194
  </td>
5192
- </tr></table>
5195
+ </tr></table>
5193
5196
  </div>
5194
5197
  <div class="sect3">
5195
5198
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_my_rails_application_works_on_mongrel_but_not_on_phusion_passenger"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="my-rails-application-works-on-mongrel-but-not-on-phusion-passenger-1f28drx" data-anchor="_my_rails_application_works_on_mongrel_but_not_on_phusion_passenger">7.3.1. My Rails application works on Mongrel, but not on Phusion Passenger</h4>
@@ -5217,7 +5220,7 @@ Apache installations on their system.</p></div>
5217
5220
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Static assets are accelerated, i.e. they are served directly by Apache and do not
5218
5221
  go through the Rails stack. There are two reasons why Apache doesn’t serve static
5219
5222
  assets correctly:</p></div>
5220
- <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
5223
+ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
5221
5224
  <li>
5222
5225
  <p>
5223
5226
  Your Apache configuration is too strict, and does not allow HTTP clients to
@@ -5253,7 +5256,7 @@ with SELinux. On Fedora, CentOS and RedHat Enterprise Linux, Apache is locked
5253
5256
  down by SELinux policies.</p></div>
5254
5257
  <div class="paragraph"><p>To solve this problem, you must set some permissions on the Phusion Passenger files
5255
5258
  and folders, so that Apache can access them.</p></div>
5256
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
5259
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
5257
5260
  <li>
5258
5261
  <p>
5259
5262
  If you’ve installed Phusion Passenger via a gem, then run this command to determine
@@ -5300,7 +5303,7 @@ specified).</p></div>
5300
5303
  <div class="sect3">
5301
5304
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_my_rails_application_8217_s_log_file_is_not_being_written_to"></span><h4 data-comment-topic="my-rails-application-s-log-file-is-not-being-written-to-3i747l" data-anchor="_my_rails_application_8217_s_log_file_is_not_being_written_to">7.3.7. My Rails application’s log file is not being written to</h4>
5302
5305
  <div class="paragraph"><p>There are a couple things that you should be aware of:</p></div>
5303
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
5306
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
5304
5307
  <li>
5305
5308
  <p>
5306
5309
  By default, Phusion Passenger runs Rails applications in <em>production</em> mode,
@@ -5441,14 +5444,14 @@ we see that all the Apache and Nginx worker processes only take less than 1 MB m
5441
5444
  This is a lot less than the 50-80 MB-ish memory usage as shown in the <em>VMSize</em> column
5442
5445
  (which is what a lot of people think is the real memory usage, but is actually not).</p></div>
5443
5446
  <div class="admonitionblock">
5444
- <table><tr>
5447
+ <table><tr>
5445
5448
  <td class="icon">
5446
- <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
5449
+ <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
5447
5450
  </td>
5448
5451
  <td class="content">Private dirty RSS reporting only works on Linux. Unfortunately other operating systems
5449
5452
  don’t provide facilities for determining processes' private dirty RSS. On non-Linux systems,
5450
5453
  the Resident Set Size is reported instead.</td>
5451
- </tr></table>
5454
+ </tr></table>
5452
5455
  </div>
5453
5456
  </div>
5454
5457
  <div class="sect2">
@@ -5470,7 +5473,7 @@ inactive = 1
5470
5473
  </div>
5471
5474
  </div>
5472
5475
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>general information</em> section shows the following information:</p></div>
5473
- <div class="dlist"><dl>
5476
+ <div class="dlist"><dl>
5474
5477
  <dt class="hdlist1">
5475
5478
  max
5476
5479
  </dt>
@@ -5514,7 +5517,7 @@ time). The value of <em>inactive</em> equals <span class="monospaced">count - ac
5514
5517
  </dl></div>
5515
5518
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>domains</em> section shows, for each application directory, information about running
5516
5519
  application instances:</p></div>
5517
- <div class="dlist"><dl>
5520
+ <div class="dlist"><dl>
5518
5521
  <dt class="hdlist1">
5519
5522
  Sessions
5520
5523
  </dt>
@@ -5581,13 +5584,13 @@ This is the case with Ruby on Rails. So if you kill a Ruby on Rails application
5581
5584
  running it in a <em>production</em> environment). If you don’t see a backtrace there, check
5582
5585
  the web server error log.</p></div>
5583
5586
  <div class="admonitionblock">
5584
- <table><tr>
5587
+ <table><tr>
5585
5588
  <td class="icon">
5586
- <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
5589
+ <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
5587
5590
  </td>
5588
5591
  <td class="content">It is safe to kill application instances, even in live environments. Phusion Passenger
5589
5592
  will restart killed application instances, as if nothing bad happened.</td>
5590
- </tr></table>
5593
+ </tr></table>
5591
5594
  </div>
5592
5595
  </div>
5593
5596
  <div class="sect2">
@@ -5596,7 +5599,7 @@ will restart killed application instances, as if nothing bad happened.</td>
5596
5599
  the request to the most suitable application process, but sometimes it is desirable to
5597
5600
  be able to directly access the individual application processes. Use cases include, but
5598
5601
  are not limited to:</p></div>
5599
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
5602
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
5600
5603
  <li>
5601
5604
  <p>
5602
5605
  One wants to debug a memory leak or memory bloat problem that only seems to appear on
@@ -5679,7 +5682,7 @@ So if <em>/home/webapps/foo/config/environment.rb</em> is owned by <em>joe</em>,
5679
5682
  Passenger will launch the corresponding application as <em>joe</em> as well.</p></div>
5680
5683
  <div class="paragraph"><p>This behavior is the default, and you don’t need to configure anything. But
5681
5684
  there are things that you should keep in mind:</p></div>
5682
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
5685
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
5683
5686
  <li>
5684
5687
  <p>
5685
5688
  The owner of <em>environment.rb</em>/<em>config.ru</em> must have read access to the application’s
@@ -5752,7 +5755,7 @@ end</pre>
5752
5755
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="bundler_support"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="bundler-support-cf72ih" data-anchor="bundler_support">9.4. Bundler support</h3>
5753
5756
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger has automatic support for <a href="http://gembundler.com/git.html">Bundler</a>.
5754
5757
  It works as follows:</p></div>
5755
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
5758
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
5756
5759
  <li>
5757
5760
  <p>
5758
5761
  If you have a <em>.bundle/environment.rb</em> in your application root, then Phusion
@@ -5805,9 +5808,9 @@ application’s root folder. Unlike <em>restart.txt</em>, Phusion Passenger does
5805
5808
  check for this file’s timestamp: Phusion Passenger will always restart the
5806
5809
  application, as long as <em>always_restart.txt</em> exists.</p></div>
5807
5810
  <div class="admonitionblock">
5808
- <table><tr>
5811
+ <table><tr>
5809
5812
  <td class="icon">
5810
- <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
5813
+ <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
5811
5814
  </td>
5812
5815
  <td class="content">If you’re just developing a Rails application then you probably don’t need
5813
5816
  this feature. If you set
@@ -5817,7 +5820,7 @@ then Rails will automatically reload your application code after each request.
5817
5820
  <em>always_restart.txt</em> is mostly useful when you’re using a web framework that
5818
5821
  doesn’t support code reloading by itself, of when you’re working on a web framework
5819
5822
  yourself.</td>
5820
- </tr></table>
5823
+ </tr></table>
5821
5824
  </div>
5822
5825
  </div>
5823
5826
  <div class="sect2">
@@ -5865,7 +5868,7 @@ please refer to
5865
5868
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The Out-of-Band Work feature allows you to run arbitrary long-running tasks outside normal request cycles. This works by letting current requests to the process finish, then telling the process to perform the out-of-band work, then resuming passing requests to the process after said work is finished.</p></div>
5866
5869
  <div class="paragraph"><p>A specific (and perhaps primary) use case of of Out-of-Band Work is <strong>Out-of-Band Garbage Collection</strong>. The garbage collector is run outside normal request cycles so that garbage collection runs inside normal request cycles can finish a lot faster. This can potentially save tens to hundreds of milliseconds of latency in requests.</p></div>
5867
5870
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Because Out-of-Band Work is implemented at the Phusion Passenger inter-process request routing level, and not by, say, spawning a thread inside the application process, Out-of-Band Work has the following useful properties:</p></div>
5868
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
5871
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
5869
5872
  <li>
5870
5873
  <p>
5871
5874
  It works well even with tasks that can pause all threads. The MRI Ruby garbage collector is a stop-the-world mark-and-sweep garbage collector.
@@ -5878,7 +5881,7 @@ Phusion Passenger can spawn more processes as necessary, in order to prevent sit
5878
5881
  </li>
5879
5882
  </ul></div>
5880
5883
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Applications can use Out-of-Band Work as follows:</p></div>
5881
- <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
5884
+ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
5882
5885
  <li>
5883
5886
  <p>
5884
5887
  Request out-of-band work by outputting the <span class="monospaced">X-Passenger-Request-OOB-Work</span> header during a request. It does not matter what the value is. At this time, it is not possible to request out-of-band work from outside requests.
@@ -5925,7 +5928,7 @@ use PhusionPassenger<span style="color: #990000">::</span>Rack<span style="color
5925
5928
  </div>
5926
5929
  </div>
5927
5930
  <div class="paragraph"><p>References:</p></div>
5928
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
5931
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
5929
5932
  <li>
5930
5933
  <p>
5931
5934
  <a href="http://blog.phusion.nl/2013/01/22/phusion-passenger-4-technology-preview-out-of-band-work/">The Phusion Blog article which first introduced this feature.</a>
@@ -5981,7 +5984,7 @@ This check occurs after checking whether the original mapped filename exists (as
5981
5984
  of static asset serving). All this is done without the need for special mod_rewrite
5982
5985
  rules.</p></div>
5983
5986
  <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, suppose that the browser requests <em>/foo/bar</em>.</p></div>
5984
- <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
5987
+ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
5985
5988
  <li>
5986
5989
  <p>
5987
5990
  Phusion Passenger will first check whether this URI maps to a static file, i.e.
@@ -6022,7 +6025,7 @@ whether the following file exists:</p></div>
6022
6025
  </div>
6023
6026
  <div class="paragraph"><p>If you’re not a programmer and don’t understand the above pseudo-code snippet, it means
6024
6027
  that Phusion Passenger will:</p></div>
6025
- <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
6028
+ <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
6026
6029
  <li>
6027
6030
  <p>
6028
6031
  Extract the parent directory filename from the value of the DocumentRoot directory.
@@ -6065,12 +6068,14 @@ Phusion Passenger will look for <em>config.ru</em> instead of <em>config/environ
6065
6068
  Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License</a>.</p></div>
6066
6069
  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
6067
6070
  <a class="image" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">
6068
- <img src="images/by_sa.png" alt="images/by_sa.png"></a>
6071
+ <img src="images/by_sa.png" alt="images/by_sa.png">
6072
+ </a>
6069
6073
  </span></p></div>
6070
6074
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is brought to you by <a href="http://www.phusion.nl/">Phusion</a>.</p></div>
6071
6075
  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
6072
6076
  <a class="image" href="http://www.phusion.nl/">
6073
- <img src="images/phusion_banner.png" alt="images/phusion_banner.png"></a>
6077
+ <img src="images/phusion_banner.png" alt="images/phusion_banner.png">
6078
+ </a>
6074
6079
  </span></p></div>
6075
6080
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Phusion Passenger is a trademark of Hongli Lai &amp; Ninh Bui.</p></div>
6076
6081
  </div>
@@ -6180,18 +6185,20 @@ programmers jargon, Phusion Passenger calls fork(), but not exec().</p></div>
6180
6185
  <div class="sect2">
6181
6186
  <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="comments empty" title="Add a comment"><span class="count"></span></a><span class="anchor_helper" id="_the_smart_spawning_method"></span><h3 data-comment-topic="the-smart-spawning-method-1cvu9dd" data-anchor="_the_smart_spawning_method">13.2. The smart spawning method</h3>
6182
6187
  <div class="admonitionblock">
6183
- <table><tr>
6188
+ <table><tr>
6184
6189
  <td class="icon">
6185
- <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
6190
+ <img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note">
6186
6191
  </td>
6187
6192
  <td class="content">Smart spawning is supported for all Ruby applications but not for WSGI applications.</td>
6188
- </tr></table>
6193
+ </tr></table>
6189
6194
  </div>
6190
6195
  <div class="paragraph"><p>While direct spawning works well, it’s not as efficient as it could be
6191
6196
  because each worker process has its own private copy of the Rails application
6192
6197
  as well as the Rails framework. This wastes memory as well as startup time.</p></div>
6193
6198
  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
6194
- <img src="images/direct_spawning.png" alt="Worker processes and direct spawning"></span><br><em>Figure: Worker processes and direct spawning. Each worker process has its
6199
+ <img src="images/direct_spawning.png" alt="Worker processes and direct spawning">
6200
+ </span><br>
6201
+ <em>Figure: Worker processes and direct spawning. Each worker process has its
6195
6202
  own private copy of the application code and Rails framework code.</em></p></div>
6196
6203
  <div class="paragraph"><p>It is possible to make the different worker processes share the memory occupied
6197
6204
  by application and Rails framework code, by utilizing so-called
@@ -6215,13 +6222,15 @@ processes will share as much common
6215
6222
  memory as possible. That is, they will all share the same application and Rails
6216
6223
  framework code.</p></div>
6217
6224
  <div class="paragraph"><p><span class="image">
6218
- <img src="images/smart.png" alt="images/smart.png"></span><br><em>Figure: Worker processes and the smart spawn method. All worker processes,
6225
+ <img src="images/smart.png" alt="images/smart.png">
6226
+ </span><br>
6227
+ <em>Figure: Worker processes and the smart spawn method. All worker processes,
6219
6228
  as well as the ApplicationSpawner, share the same application code and Rails
6220
6229
  framework code.</em></p></div>
6221
6230
  <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>smart</em> method allows different worker processes that belong to the same
6222
6231
  application to share memory.</p></div>
6223
6232
  <div class="paragraph"><p>Notes:</p></div>
6224
- <div class="ulist"><ul>
6233
+ <div class="ulist"><ul>
6225
6234
  <li>
6226
6235
  <p>
6227
6236
  Vendored Rails frameworks cannot be shared by different applications, even if
@@ -7131,5 +7140,5 @@ Mizuho.topicListReceived = $.proxy(function(result) {
7131
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  $(document).ready(Mizuho.initializeCommenting);
7132
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7133
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  </script>
7134
- </body>
7143
+ </body>
7135
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  </html>