observer 0.1.0
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- checksums.yaml +7 -0
- data/.github/workflows/test.yml +24 -0
- data/.gitignore +8 -0
- data/Gemfile +9 -0
- data/LICENSE.txt +22 -0
- data/README.md +139 -0
- data/Rakefile +10 -0
- data/bin/console +14 -0
- data/bin/setup +8 -0
- data/lib/observer.rb +204 -0
- data/lib/observer/version.rb +3 -0
- data/observer.gemspec +29 -0
- metadata +56 -0
checksums.yaml
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---
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SHA256:
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metadata.gz: 2d13d39ae847146041e907bf28d80e935ffb9a66fe17732aee6d771a2b498c70
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data.tar.gz: d3d8c323e5123580182123608f1edee5d1809b1425b252de6d0565a0b4ebb469
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SHA512:
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metadata.gz: ac108bd869e763925361421caadaf54b42d106ae6542334b82b016d297418ab9567bdf9b6683ef0413409b37b6cee1ca8c31abc963caaa5054b91e33a1140915
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data.tar.gz: 897947b7a0cfa4a46ad4354dabc5a20abc18e11a9f5217853fa714db044ca66c87fea8aba31df76bb7d1fab018e98a33aead44659c818375518e29d63e8a0579
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name: ubuntu
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on: [push, pull_request]
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jobs:
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build:
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name: build (${{ matrix.ruby }} / ${{ matrix.os }})
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strategy:
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matrix:
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ruby: [ 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4, head ]
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os: [ ubuntu-latest, macos-latest ]
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runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@master
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- name: Set up Ruby
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uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
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with:
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ruby-version: ${{ matrix.ruby }}
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- name: Install dependencies
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run: |
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gem install bundler --no-document
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bundle install
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- name: Run test
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run: rake test
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data/.gitignore
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data/Gemfile
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data/LICENSE.txt
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Copyright (C) 1993-2013 Yukihiro Matsumoto. All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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are met:
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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SUCH DAMAGE.
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data/README.md
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# Observer
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The Observer pattern (also known as publish/subscribe) provides a simple
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mechanism for one object to inform a set of interested third-party objects
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when its state changes.
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## Mechanism
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The notifying class mixes in the +Observable+
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module, which provides the methods for managing the associated observer
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objects.
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The observable object must:
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* assert that it has +#changed+
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* call +#notify_observers+
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An observer subscribes to updates using Observable#add_observer, which also
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specifies the method called via #notify_observers. The default method for
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notify_observers is #update.
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## Installation
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Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
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```ruby
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gem 'observer'
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```
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And then execute:
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$ bundle
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Or install it yourself as:
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$ gem install observer
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## Usage
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The following example demonstrates this nicely. A +Ticker+, when run,
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continually receives the stock +Price+ for its <tt>@symbol</tt>. A +Warner+
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is a general observer of the price, and two warners are demonstrated, a
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+WarnLow+ and a +WarnHigh+, which print a warning if the price is below or
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above their set limits, respectively.
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+
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The +update+ callback allows the warners to run without being explicitly
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called. The system is set up with the +Ticker+ and several observers, and the
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observers do their duty without the top-level code having to interfere.
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+
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Note that the contract between publisher and subscriber (observable and
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observer) is not declared or enforced. The +Ticker+ publishes a time and a
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price, and the warners receive that. But if you don't ensure that your
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contracts are correct, nothing else can warn you.
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```ruby
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require "observer"
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class Ticker ### Periodically fetch a stock price.
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include Observable
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+
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def initialize(symbol)
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@symbol = symbol
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end
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def run
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last_price = nil
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loop do
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price = Price.fetch(@symbol)
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print "Current price: #{price}\n"
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if price != last_price
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changed # notify observers
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last_price = price
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notify_observers(Time.now, price)
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end
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sleep 1
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end
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end
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end
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class Price ### A mock class to fetch a stock price (60 - 140).
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def self.fetch(symbol)
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60 + rand(80)
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end
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end
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+
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class Warner ### An abstract observer of Ticker objects.
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def initialize(ticker, limit)
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@limit = limit
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ticker.add_observer(self)
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end
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end
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+
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class WarnLow < Warner
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def update(time, price) # callback for observer
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if price < @limit
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print "--- #{time.to_s}: Price below #@limit: #{price}\n"
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end
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end
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end
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+
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class WarnHigh < Warner
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def update(time, price) # callback for observer
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if price > @limit
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print "+++ #{time.to_s}: Price above #@limit: #{price}\n"
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end
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end
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end
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+
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ticker = Ticker.new("MSFT")
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WarnLow.new(ticker, 80)
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WarnHigh.new(ticker, 120)
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ticker.run
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```
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+
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Produces:
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+
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```
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Current price: 83
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Current price: 75
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--- Sun Jun 09 00:10:25 CDT 2002: Price below 80: 75
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Current price: 90
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Current price: 134
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+++ Sun Jun 09 00:10:25 CDT 2002: Price above 120: 134
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Current price: 134
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Current price: 112
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Current price: 79
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--- Sun Jun 09 00:10:25 CDT 2002: Price below 80: 79
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```
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+
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## Development
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After checking out the repo, run `bin/setup` to install dependencies. Then, run `rake test` to run the tests. You can also run `bin/console` for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.
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To install this gem onto your local machine, run `bundle exec rake install`. To release a new version, update the version number in `version.rb`, and then run `bundle exec rake release`, which will create a git tag for the version, push git commits and tags, and push the `.gem` file to [rubygems.org](https://rubygems.org).
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## Contributing
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Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/ruby/observer.
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data/Rakefile
ADDED
data/bin/console
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
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#!/usr/bin/env ruby
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require "bundler/setup"
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require "observer"
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+
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# You can add fixtures and/or initialization code here to make experimenting
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# with your gem easier. You can also use a different console, if you like.
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# (If you use this, don't forget to add pry to your Gemfile!)
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# require "pry"
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# Pry.start
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require "irb"
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IRB.start(__FILE__)
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data/bin/setup
ADDED
data/lib/observer.rb
ADDED
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# frozen_string_literal: true
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#
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# Implementation of the _Observer_ object-oriented design pattern. The
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# following documentation is copied, with modifications, from "Programming
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# Ruby", by Hunt and Thomas; http://www.ruby-doc.org/docs/ProgrammingRuby/html/lib_patterns.html.
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#
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# See Observable for more info.
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+
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# The Observer pattern (also known as publish/subscribe) provides a simple
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10
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# mechanism for one object to inform a set of interested third-party objects
|
11
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# when its state changes.
|
12
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+
#
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# == Mechanism
|
14
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+
#
|
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# The notifying class mixes in the +Observable+
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16
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+
# module, which provides the methods for managing the associated observer
|
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# objects.
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+
#
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# The observable object must:
|
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# * assert that it has +#changed+
|
21
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+
# * call +#notify_observers+
|
22
|
+
#
|
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+
# An observer subscribes to updates using Observable#add_observer, which also
|
24
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+
# specifies the method called via #notify_observers. The default method for
|
25
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# #notify_observers is #update.
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+
#
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# === Example
|
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+
#
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# The following example demonstrates this nicely. A +Ticker+, when run,
|
30
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+
# continually receives the stock +Price+ for its <tt>@symbol</tt>. A +Warner+
|
31
|
+
# is a general observer of the price, and two warners are demonstrated, a
|
32
|
+
# +WarnLow+ and a +WarnHigh+, which print a warning if the price is below or
|
33
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+
# above their set limits, respectively.
|
34
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+
#
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+
# The +update+ callback allows the warners to run without being explicitly
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+
# called. The system is set up with the +Ticker+ and several observers, and the
|
37
|
+
# observers do their duty without the top-level code having to interfere.
|
38
|
+
#
|
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+
# Note that the contract between publisher and subscriber (observable and
|
40
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+
# observer) is not declared or enforced. The +Ticker+ publishes a time and a
|
41
|
+
# price, and the warners receive that. But if you don't ensure that your
|
42
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+
# contracts are correct, nothing else can warn you.
|
43
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+
#
|
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+
# require "observer"
|
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+
#
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# class Ticker ### Periodically fetch a stock price.
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# include Observable
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#
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# def initialize(symbol)
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# @symbol = symbol
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# end
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#
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# def run
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# last_price = nil
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# loop do
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# price = Price.fetch(@symbol)
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# print "Current price: #{price}\n"
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# if price != last_price
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# changed # notify observers
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# last_price = price
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# notify_observers(Time.now, price)
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# end
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# sleep 1
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# end
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# end
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# end
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#
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# class Price ### A mock class to fetch a stock price (60 - 140).
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# def self.fetch(symbol)
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# 60 + rand(80)
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# end
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# end
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#
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# class Warner ### An abstract observer of Ticker objects.
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# def initialize(ticker, limit)
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# @limit = limit
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# ticker.add_observer(self)
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# end
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# end
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#
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# class WarnLow < Warner
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# def update(time, price) # callback for observer
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# if price < @limit
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# print "--- #{time.to_s}: Price below #@limit: #{price}\n"
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# end
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# end
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# end
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#
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# class WarnHigh < Warner
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# def update(time, price) # callback for observer
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# if price > @limit
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# print "+++ #{time.to_s}: Price above #@limit: #{price}\n"
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# end
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# end
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# end
|
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#
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# ticker = Ticker.new("MSFT")
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# WarnLow.new(ticker, 80)
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# WarnHigh.new(ticker, 120)
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# ticker.run
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#
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# Produces:
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#
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# Current price: 83
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# Current price: 75
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# --- Sun Jun 09 00:10:25 CDT 2002: Price below 80: 75
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# Current price: 90
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# Current price: 134
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# +++ Sun Jun 09 00:10:25 CDT 2002: Price above 120: 134
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# Current price: 134
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+
# Current price: 112
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# Current price: 79
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# --- Sun Jun 09 00:10:25 CDT 2002: Price below 80: 79
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module Observable
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+
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#
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# Add +observer+ as an observer on this object. So that it will receive
|
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# notifications.
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+
#
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# +observer+:: the object that will be notified of changes.
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# +func+:: Symbol naming the method that will be called when this Observable
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# has changes.
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#
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# This method must return true for +observer.respond_to?+ and will
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# receive <tt>*arg</tt> when #notify_observers is called, where
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# <tt>*arg</tt> is the value passed to #notify_observers by this
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# Observable
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def add_observer(observer, func=:update)
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@observer_peers = {} unless defined? @observer_peers
|
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unless observer.respond_to? func
|
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raise NoMethodError, "observer does not respond to `#{func}'"
|
132
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+
end
|
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@observer_peers[observer] = func
|
134
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+
end
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+
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#
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# Remove +observer+ as an observer on this object so that it will no longer
|
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# receive notifications.
|
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+
#
|
140
|
+
# +observer+:: An observer of this Observable
|
141
|
+
def delete_observer(observer)
|
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+
@observer_peers.delete observer if defined? @observer_peers
|
143
|
+
end
|
144
|
+
|
145
|
+
#
|
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|
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# Remove all observers associated with this object.
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+
#
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+
def delete_observers
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@observer_peers.clear if defined? @observer_peers
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150
|
+
end
|
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|
+
|
152
|
+
#
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|
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# Return the number of observers associated with this object.
|
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#
|
155
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+
def count_observers
|
156
|
+
if defined? @observer_peers
|
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|
+
@observer_peers.size
|
158
|
+
else
|
159
|
+
0
|
160
|
+
end
|
161
|
+
end
|
162
|
+
|
163
|
+
#
|
164
|
+
# Set the changed state of this object. Notifications will be sent only if
|
165
|
+
# the changed +state+ is +true+.
|
166
|
+
#
|
167
|
+
# +state+:: Boolean indicating the changed state of this Observable.
|
168
|
+
#
|
169
|
+
def changed(state=true)
|
170
|
+
@observer_state = state
|
171
|
+
end
|
172
|
+
|
173
|
+
#
|
174
|
+
# Returns true if this object's state has been changed since the last
|
175
|
+
# #notify_observers call.
|
176
|
+
#
|
177
|
+
def changed?
|
178
|
+
if defined? @observer_state and @observer_state
|
179
|
+
true
|
180
|
+
else
|
181
|
+
false
|
182
|
+
end
|
183
|
+
end
|
184
|
+
|
185
|
+
#
|
186
|
+
# Notify observers of a change in state *if* this object's changed state is
|
187
|
+
# +true+.
|
188
|
+
#
|
189
|
+
# This will invoke the method named in #add_observer, passing <tt>*arg</tt>.
|
190
|
+
# The changed state is then set to +false+.
|
191
|
+
#
|
192
|
+
# <tt>*arg</tt>:: Any arguments to pass to the observers.
|
193
|
+
def notify_observers(*arg)
|
194
|
+
if defined? @observer_state and @observer_state
|
195
|
+
if defined? @observer_peers
|
196
|
+
@observer_peers.each do |k, v|
|
197
|
+
k.send v, *arg
|
198
|
+
end
|
199
|
+
end
|
200
|
+
@observer_state = false
|
201
|
+
end
|
202
|
+
end
|
203
|
+
|
204
|
+
end
|
data/observer.gemspec
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
|
1
|
+
begin
|
2
|
+
require_relative "lib/observer/version"
|
3
|
+
rescue LoadError # Fallback to load version file in ruby core repository
|
4
|
+
require_relative "version"
|
5
|
+
end
|
6
|
+
|
7
|
+
Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
|
8
|
+
spec.name = "observer"
|
9
|
+
spec.version = Observer::VERSION
|
10
|
+
spec.authors = ["Yukihiro Matsumoto"]
|
11
|
+
spec.email = ["matz@ruby-lang.org"]
|
12
|
+
|
13
|
+
spec.summary = %q{Implementation of the Observer object-oriented design pattern.}
|
14
|
+
spec.description = spec.summary
|
15
|
+
spec.homepage = "https://github.com/ruby/observer"
|
16
|
+
spec.license = "BSD-2-Clause"
|
17
|
+
|
18
|
+
spec.metadata["homepage_uri"] = spec.homepage
|
19
|
+
spec.metadata["source_code_uri"] = spec.homepage
|
20
|
+
|
21
|
+
# Specify which files should be added to the gem when it is released.
|
22
|
+
# The `git ls-files -z` loads the files in the RubyGem that have been added into git.
|
23
|
+
spec.files = Dir.chdir(File.expand_path('..', __FILE__)) do
|
24
|
+
`git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
|
25
|
+
end
|
26
|
+
spec.bindir = "exe"
|
27
|
+
spec.executables = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
|
28
|
+
spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
|
29
|
+
end
|
metadata
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
|
|
1
|
+
--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
|
2
|
+
name: observer
|
3
|
+
version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
4
|
+
version: 0.1.0
|
5
|
+
platform: ruby
|
6
|
+
authors:
|
7
|
+
- Yukihiro Matsumoto
|
8
|
+
autorequire:
|
9
|
+
bindir: exe
|
10
|
+
cert_chain: []
|
11
|
+
date: 2020-04-08 00:00:00.000000000 Z
|
12
|
+
dependencies: []
|
13
|
+
description: Implementation of the Observer object-oriented design pattern.
|
14
|
+
email:
|
15
|
+
- matz@ruby-lang.org
|
16
|
+
executables: []
|
17
|
+
extensions: []
|
18
|
+
extra_rdoc_files: []
|
19
|
+
files:
|
20
|
+
- ".github/workflows/test.yml"
|
21
|
+
- ".gitignore"
|
22
|
+
- Gemfile
|
23
|
+
- LICENSE.txt
|
24
|
+
- README.md
|
25
|
+
- Rakefile
|
26
|
+
- bin/console
|
27
|
+
- bin/setup
|
28
|
+
- lib/observer.rb
|
29
|
+
- lib/observer/version.rb
|
30
|
+
- observer.gemspec
|
31
|
+
homepage: https://github.com/ruby/observer
|
32
|
+
licenses:
|
33
|
+
- BSD-2-Clause
|
34
|
+
metadata:
|
35
|
+
homepage_uri: https://github.com/ruby/observer
|
36
|
+
source_code_uri: https://github.com/ruby/observer
|
37
|
+
post_install_message:
|
38
|
+
rdoc_options: []
|
39
|
+
require_paths:
|
40
|
+
- lib
|
41
|
+
required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
42
|
+
requirements:
|
43
|
+
- - ">="
|
44
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
45
|
+
version: '0'
|
46
|
+
required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
47
|
+
requirements:
|
48
|
+
- - ">="
|
49
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
50
|
+
version: '0'
|
51
|
+
requirements: []
|
52
|
+
rubygems_version: 3.2.0.pre1
|
53
|
+
signing_key:
|
54
|
+
specification_version: 4
|
55
|
+
summary: Implementation of the Observer object-oriented design pattern.
|
56
|
+
test_files: []
|