obligation 0.1.0

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data/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
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+the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
+License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+
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+General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
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data/README.md

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+# Obligation
+
+Obligation is a support library to return promised, future results.
+
+It is planned to support different concurrency models, like threads, EventMachine and EM + Fibers.
+
+Note: Obliation DOES NOT implement concurrency, it can be used within library to return futures/promises that can then be used within different concurrency models.
+
+Note: Pre-alpha library.
+
+## Installation
+
+As Obligation is made to be used as a support library you will most likely add it to your gemspec:
+
+```ruby
+  spec.add_runtime_dependency 'obligation', '~> 0.1'
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Within your library you can create an Obligation:
+
+```ruby
+def my_library_method
+  obligation, writer = Obligation.create
+```
+
+Then return the `obligation` object and use the `writer` object to fulfill it somewhere in your concurrent library code:
+
+```ruby
+  Thread.new do
+    sleep 1
+    writer.fulfill 42
+  end
+
+  return obligation
+end
+```
+
+A user of your library using e.g. threads can now use it like a future object:
+
+```ruby
+future = my_library_method
+
+# Dome something else...
+
+future.value # block until result is there
+#=> 42
+```
+
+Obligation also supports a promise-like API:
+
+```ruby
+promise = my_library_method
+
+p2 = promise.then do |p|
+  p ** 2
+end
+
+p2.value #=> 84
+```
+
+It is also planned to implement more promise like API features like depending on multiple other promises like a data flow.
+
+All these future and promise API functions will be made available on whatever concurrency model the user of your library uses, may it be threads or (not yet supported) EventMachine or Celluloid or Fibers.
+
+See [Restify](https://github.com/jgraichen/restify) for a library using obligations.
+
+## Contributing
+
+1. Fork it ( http://github.com/jgraichen/obligation/fork )
+2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
+3. Commit specs for your feature so that I do not break it later
+4. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
+5. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
+6. Create new Pull Request
+
+## License
+
+Copyright (C) 2014 Jan Graichen
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

data/lib/obligation/impl.rb

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+require 'concurrent/event'
+
+module Obligation
+  #
+  class Base
+    include Obligation
+
+    def initialize
+      @state  = :pending
+      @mutex  = Mutex.new
+      @event  = Concurrent::Event.new
+      @reason = nil
+    end
+
+    def pending?
+      state == :pending
+    end
+
+    def fulfilled?
+      state == :fulfilled
+    end
+
+    def rejected?
+      state == :rejected
+    end
+
+    def state
+      @mutex.synchronize { @state }
+    end
+
+    def reason
+      @mutex.synchronize { @reason }
+    end
+
+    def value(timeout = 30)
+      _value(timeout)
+    end
+
+    def then
+      return self unless block_given?
+
+      Dependent.new(self, &Proc.new)
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    def _sync_pending?
+      @state == :pending
+    end
+
+    def _fulfill(result)
+      @mutex.synchronize { _sync_fulfill result }
+    end
+
+    def _sync_fulfill(result)
+      if @state == :pending
+        @state  = :fulfilled
+        @result = result
+        @event.set
+      else
+        raise StateError.new "Obligation already changed to #{@state}."
+      end
+    end
+
+    def _reject(reason)
+      @mutex.synchronize { _sync_reject reason }
+    end
+
+    def _sync_reject(reason)
+      if @state == :pending
+        @state  = :rejected
+        @reason = reason
+        @event.set
+      else
+        raise StateError.new "Obligation already changed to #{@state}."
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  class Value < Base
+    def initialize
+      super
+
+      @result = nil
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    def _value(timeout)
+      @event.wait(timeout) if pending? && timeout != 0
+      @mutex.synchronize do
+        case @state
+          when :fulfilled then @result
+          when :rejected  then raise RejectedError.new \
+            "Obligation rejected due to #{@reason}.", @reason
+          else raise TimeoutError.new
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    #
+    class Writer
+      def initialize(obligation)
+        @obligation = obligation
+      end
+
+      def fulfill(result)
+        @obligation.send :_fulfill, result
+      end
+
+      def reject(reason)
+        @obligation.send :_reject, reason
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  class Dependent < Base
+    def initialize(dependencies, &block)
+      super()
+      @dependencies = dependencies
+      @block        = block
+      @reason       = nil
+      @result       = nil
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    def _value(timeout)
+      @mutex.synchronize do
+        if _sync_pending?
+          begin
+            if @dependencies.is_a?(Array)
+              _sync_fulfill @block.call @dependencies.map(&:value)
+            else
+              _sync_fulfill @block.call @dependencies.value
+            end
+          rescue RejectedError => e
+            _sync_reject e.cause
+            raise RejectedError.new "Obligation rejected due to #{e.cause}."
+          end
+        end
+
+        case @state
+          when :fulfilled then @result
+          when :rejected  then raise RejectedError.new \
+            "Obligation rejected due to #{@reason}.", @reason
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  module Impl
+    class << self
+      def create
+        if block_given?
+          Value.new.tap do |ob|
+            yield Value::Writer.new(ob), ob
+          end
+        else
+          ob = Value.new
+          [ob, Value::Writer.new(ob)]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/obligation/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+module Obligation
+  module VERSION
+    MAJOR = 0
+    MINOR = 1
+    PATCH = 0
+    STAGE = nil
+    STRING = [MAJOR, MINOR, PATCH, STAGE].reject(&:nil?).join('.').freeze
+
+    def self.to_s
+      STRING
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/obligation.rb

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+require 'obligation/version'
+
+# # Obligation
+#
+# An {Obligation} represent a future result. It allows to do other
+# things while something is calculated in the background and wait
+# for it's value when needed.
+#
+# This implementation also supports various kinds of callbacks and
+# data flow specification to integration into thread, fibered as well
+# as evented environments.
+#
+module Obligation
+
+  # Execute given block with {Obligation} result.
+  #
+  # The moment of execution is not specified and MAY not be directly after
+  # {Obligation} was fulfilled. Execution of the callback SHALL be on
+  # same thread as the current.
+  #
+  # If callback returns an {Obligation} the outer returned {Obligation} MUST
+  # wait on the returned one from the callback. This allows seamless
+  # integration with any library using {Obligation}s to handle delayed
+  # return values (see example 3).
+  #
+  # @example Simple data flow
+  #   o1 = Obligation.create do |w|
+  #     Thread.new do
+  #       sleep 1 # Heavy calculation
+  #       w.fulfill 42
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   o2 = o1.then do |result|
+  #     result - 5 + 1300
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   o2.value #=> 1337
+  #
+  # @example Callback with another Obligation
+  #   o1 = Obligation.create do |w|
+  #     Thread.new do
+  #       sleep 1 # Heavy calculation
+  #       w.fulfill 42
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   o2 = o1.then do |result|
+  #     Obligation.create do |w|
+  #       Thread.new do
+  #         r.fulfill result.times.map do
+  #           Net::HTTP.get('example.com', 'index.html')
+  #         end
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   o2.value #=> ["<html>...", "<html>...", ...]
+  #
+  # @example Seamless integration with any library using {Obligation}
+  #   o1 = Obligation.create do |w|
+  #     Thread.new do
+  #       sleep 1 # Heavy calculation
+  #       w.fulfill 42
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   o2 = o1.then do |result|
+  #     HTTPLibUsingObligation.get("http://example.org/#{result}.html")
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   o2.value #=> ["<html>..."]
+  #
+  # @yield [result] Yield {Obligation}s result after it is fulfilled.
+  # @yieldparam result [Object] {Obligation} result.
+  # @yieldreturn [Object|Obligation] The returned {Obligation}s result.
+  #   If result is a {Obligation} the returned {Obligation} will wait
+  #   on it's result.
+  # @return [Obligation] {Obligation} for yielded result.
+  #
+  def then
+    throw NotImplementedError.new 'Obligation#then not implemented.'
+  end
+
+  # Wait for {Obligation}'s result.
+  #
+  # This method MUST block the thread of fiber until either
+  # the {Obligation} is fullfilled or the given timeout exceeds.
+  #
+  # If the {Obligation} is already fulfilled the result MUST
+  # be returned instantly. An {RejectedError} MUST be raised when
+  # {Obligation} is rejected and a {TimeoutError} when waiting
+  # has timed out.
+  #
+  # @param timeout [Integer] Timeout to wait in seconds.
+  # @return [Object] {Obligation}'s result if any. Nil if rejected
+  #   or timed out.
+  # @raise [RejectedError] Raised when {Obligation} is rejected.
+  #   Raised error will contain reason as `#cause`.
+  # @raise [TimeoutError] Raised when waiting on result has timed out.
+  #
+  def value(timeout)
+    throw NotImplementedError.new 'Obligation#value not implemented.'
+  end
+
+  # Check if {Obligation} is fulfilled.
+  #
+  # @example
+  #   o = Obligation.create do |w|
+  #     Thread.new { sleep 1; w.fulfill 42 }
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   o.fulfilled? #=> false
+  #   o.value
+  #   o.fulfilled? #=> true
+  #
+  # @return [Boolean] True if {Obligation} is fulfilled, false otherwise.
+  #
+  def fulfilled?
+    throw NotImplementedError.new 'Obligation#fulfilled? not implemented.'
+  end
+
+  # Check if {Obligation} is pending e.g. neither fulfilled or rejected.
+  #
+  # @example
+  #   o = Obligation.create do |w|
+  #     Thread.new { sleep 1; w.fulfill 42 }
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   o.pending? #=> true
+  #   o.value
+  #   o.pending? #=> false
+  #
+  # @return [Boolean] True if {Obligation} is pending, false otherwise.
+  #
+  def pending?
+    throw NotImplementedError.new 'Obligation#pending? not implemented.'
+  end
+
+  # Check if {Obligation} is rejected.
+  #
+  # @example
+  #   o = Obligation.create do |w|
+  #     Thread.new { sleep 1; w.reject StandardError.new }
+  #   end
+  #
+  #   o.rejected? #=> false
+  #   o.value
+  #   o.pending? #=> true
+  #
+  # @return [Boolean] True if {Obligation} is rejected, false otherwise.
+  #
+  def rejected?
+    throw NotImplementedError.new 'Obligation#rejected? not implemented.'
+  end
+
+  # A {RejectedError} will be raised when {Obligation} is rejected
+  # and someone tries to access the result.
+  #
+  class RejectedError < StandardError
+    attr_reader :cause
+    def initialize(msg, cause = $!)
+      super msg
+      @cause = cause
+    end
+  end
+
+  # A {TimeoutError} will be raised when waiting for a result
+  # has timed out.
+  class TimeoutError < StandardError; end
+
+  # A {StateError} will be raised when a obligation is tried to
+  # fulfill or reject twice.
+  class StateError < StandardError; end
+
+  class << self
+    def create(*args, &block)
+      Impl.create(*args, &block)
+    end
+
+    def on(*obligations)
+      Impl.on(*obligations)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+require 'obligation/impl'

data/obligation.gemspec

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+lib = File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__)
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
+require 'obligation/version'
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name          = 'obligation'
+  spec.version       = Obligation::VERSION
+  spec.authors       = ['Jan Graichen']
+  spec.email         = ['jg@altimos.de']
+  spec.summary       = %q{Support library to provide Futures and Promises for different concurrency models.}
+  spec.description   = %q{Support library to provide Futures and Promises for different concurrency models.}
+  spec.homepage      = 'https://github.com/jgraichen/obligation'
+  spec.license       = 'LGPLv3'
+
+  spec.files         = Dir['**/*'].grep(%r{^((bin|lib|test|spec|features)/|.*\.gemspec|.*LICENSE.*|.*README.*|.*CHANGELOG.*)})
+  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^bin/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
+  spec.test_files    = spec.files.grep(%r{^(test|spec|features)/})
+  spec.require_paths = ['lib']
+
+  spec.add_runtime_dependency 'concurrent-ruby', '~> 0.5.0'
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler', '~> 1.5'
+end

data/spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+require 'rspec'
+
+if ENV['CI'] || (defined?(:RUBY_ENGINE) && RUBY_ENGINE != 'rbx')
+  require 'coveralls'
+  Coveralls.wear! do
+    add_filter 'spec'
+  end
+end
+
+require 'bundler'
+Bundler.require :default, :test
+
+require 'obligation'
+
+Dir[File.expand_path('spec/support/**/*.rb')].each {|f| require f }
+
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  config.order = 'random'
+end

data/spec/thread/then_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe Obligation do
+  context 'with threaded environment:' do
+    describe 'then dataflow:' do
+      it 'should let data flow' do
+        o1 = Obligation.create do |w|
+          Thread.new do
+            sleep 0.2
+            w.fulfill 42
+          end
+        end
+
+        o2 = o1.then do |result|
+          result - 5
+        end
+
+        o3 = o2.then do |result|
+          result + 1300
+        end
+
+        start  = Time.now
+        result = o3.value
+
+        expect(Time.now - start).to be > 0.2
+        expect(result).to eq 1337
+      end
+
+      it 'should inherit error on reject' do
+        o1 = Obligation.create do |w|
+          Thread.new do
+            w.reject RuntimeError.new 'ERR'
+          end
+        end
+
+        o2 = o1.then do |result|
+          result - 5
+        end
+
+        expect { o2.value }.to raise_error Obligation::RejectedError
+
+        begin
+          o2.value
+        rescue Obligation::RejectedError => err
+          error = err
+        end
+
+        expect(error.cause).to be_a RuntimeError
+        expect(error.cause.message).to eq 'ERR'
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/thread/value_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+describe Obligation do
+  context 'with threaded environment:' do
+    describe 'get value:' do
+      it 'should wait on fulfill' do
+        o, w = Obligation.create
+
+        Thread.new do
+          sleep 0.2
+          w.fulfill 42
+        end
+
+        start  = Time.now
+        result = o.value
+
+        expect(result).to eq 42
+        expect(Time.now - start).to be_within(0.1).of(0.2)
+      end
+
+      it 'should be able to timeout' do
+        o, _  = Obligation.create
+        start = Time.now
+
+        expect { o.value(0.5) }.to raise_error
+        expect(Time.now - start).to be > 0.5
+      end
+
+      it 'should raise on reject' do
+        o = Obligation.create do |w|
+          Thread.new do
+            begin
+              raise RuntimeError.new 'ERR'
+            rescue => e
+              w.reject e
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        expect{ o.value }.to raise_error Obligation::RejectedError
+
+        begin
+          o.value
+        rescue Obligation::RejectedError => err
+          error = err
+        end
+
+        expect(error.cause).to be_a RuntimeError
+        expect(error.cause.message).to eq 'ERR'
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: obligation
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.1.0
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- Jan Graichen
+autorequire: 
+bindir: bin
+cert_chain: []
+date: 2014-05-29 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: concurrent-ruby
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 0.5.0
+  type: :runtime
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 0.5.0
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: bundler
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.5'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.5'
+description: Support library to provide Futures and Promises for different concurrency
+  models.
+email:
+- jg@altimos.de
+executables: []
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- LICENSE.txt
+- README.md
+- lib/obligation.rb
+- lib/obligation/impl.rb
+- lib/obligation/version.rb
+- obligation.gemspec
+- spec/spec_helper.rb
+- spec/thread/then_spec.rb
+- spec/thread/value_spec.rb
+homepage: https://github.com/jgraichen/obligation
+licenses:
+- LGPLv3
+metadata: {}
+post_install_message: 
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubyforge_project: 
+rubygems_version: 2.2.2
+signing_key: 
+specification_version: 4
+summary: Support library to provide Futures and Promises for different concurrency
+  models.
+test_files:
+- spec/spec_helper.rb
+- spec/thread/then_spec.rb
+- spec/thread/value_spec.rb