ntm 0.1.0

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data/.gitignore

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+/.bundle/
+/.yardoc
+/Gemfile.lock
+/_yardoc/
+/coverage/
+/doc/
+/pkg/
+/spec/reports/
+/tmp/

data/.rspec

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+--format documentation
+--color

data/.travis.yml

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+language: ruby
+rvm:
+  - 2.1.2

data/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

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+# Contributor Code of Conduct
+
+As contributors and maintainers of this project, we pledge to respect all people who contribute through reporting issues, posting feature requests, updating documentation, submitting pull requests or patches, and other activities.
+
+We are committed to making participation in this project a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of level of experience, gender, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, disability, personal appearance, body size, race, age, or religion.
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include the use of sexual language or imagery, derogatory comments or personal attacks, trolling, public or private harassment, insults, or other unprofessional conduct.
+
+Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct. Project maintainers who do not follow the Code of Conduct may be removed from the project team.
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported by opening an issue or contacting one or more of the project maintainers.
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant](http:contributor-covenant.org), version 1.0.0, available at [http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/0/0/](http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/0/0/)

data/Gemfile

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+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in ntm.gemspec
+gemspec

data/LICENSE.txt

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+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015 Bayram Kuliyev
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

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+# Ntm
+
+Ntm simulates nondeterministic Turing machines. It may also be used to simulate deterministic Turing machines.
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'ntm'
+```
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+    $ gem install ntm
+
+## Ntm examples
+#### Example 1
+state|symbol|move
+-----|------|--------
+q<sub>0</sub>  |   0  |(q<sub>1</sub>,0,R), (q<sub>1</sub>,1,R) 
+q<sub>1</sub>  |   1  |(q<sub>2</sub>,0,R), (q<sub>2</sub>,1,R)
+```ruby
+  require "ntm"
+  
+  ntm = Ntm.new(initial_state: 0) do
+    given({state:0, symbol: '0'}) do
+      transition(state:1, symbol:'0', move: :right)
+      transition(state:1, symbol:'1', move: :right)
+    end
+
+    given({state:1, symbol: '1'}) do
+      transition(state:2, symbol:'0', move: :right)
+      transition(state:2, symbol:'1', move: :right)
+    end
+  end
+
+  configurations = ntm.run({max_depth:250, tape_content: "011" })
+
+  configurations.each do |conf|
+    conf.path.each do |p|
+      instr = p[:instr]
+      print p[:config] + " (#{instr[:state]},#{instr[:symbol]},#{instr[:move][0]}) => "
+    end
+    puts conf.to_s
+  end
+```
+#### Output: four possible compuatations
+ [q0]011 (1,0,r) => 0[q1]11 (2,0,r) => 00[q2]1
+ 
+ [q0]011 (1,0,r) => 0[q1]11 (2,1,r) => 01[q2]1
+ 
+ [q0]011 (1,1,r) => 1[q1]11 (2,0,r) => 10[q2]1
+ 
+ [q0]011 (1,1,r) => 1[q1]11 (2,1,r) => 11[q2]1
+
+#### Example 2: a deterministic TM accepting language the language {0<sup>n</sup>1<sup>n</sup> | n > 0 } - n 0s followed by n 1s
+state|symbol|move
+-----|------|--------
+q<sub>0</sub>  |   0  |(q<sub>1</sub>,X,R)
+q<sub>0</sub>  |   Y  |(q<sub>3</sub>,Y,R)
+q<sub>1</sub>  |   0  |(q<sub>1</sub>,0,R)
+q<sub>1</sub>  |   1  |(q<sub>2</sub>,Y,L)
+q<sub>1</sub>  |   Y  |(q<sub>1</sub>,Y,R)
+q<sub>2</sub>  |   0  |(q<sub>2</sub>,0,L)
+q<sub>2</sub>  |   X  |(q<sub>0</sub>,X,R)
+q<sub>2</sub>  |   Y  |(q<sub>2</sub>,Y,L)
+q<sub>3</sub>  |   Y  |(q<sub>3</sub>,Y,R)
+q<sub>3</sub>  |   #  |(q<sub>4</sub>,#,R)
+
+Accept state: q<sub>4</sub>
+```ruby
+require "ntm"
+
+ntm = Ntm.new(initial_state: 0) do
+  given({state:0, symbol:'0'}) { transition(state:1, symbol:'X', move: :right) }
+  given({state:0, symbol:'Y'}) { transition(state:3, symbol:'Y', move: :right) }
+  given({state:1, symbol:'0'}) { transition(state:1, symbol:'0', move: :right) }
+  given({state:1, symbol:'1'}) { transition(state:2, symbol:'Y', move: :left)  }
+  given({state:1, symbol:'Y'}) { transition(state:1, symbol:'Y', move: :right) }
+  given({state:2, symbol:'0'}) { transition(state:2, symbol:'0', move: :left)  }
+  given({state:2, symbol:'X'}) { transition(state:0, symbol:'X', move: :right) }
+  given({state:2, symbol:'Y'}) { transition(state:2, symbol:'Y', move: :left)  }
+  given({state:3, symbol:'Y'}) { transition(state:3, symbol:'Y', move: :right) }
+  given({state:3, symbol:'#'}) { transition(state:4, symbol:'#', move: :right) }
+end
+
+configurations = ntm.run({max_depth:250, tape_content: "0011", accept_states:[4] })
+
+configurations.each do |conf|
+  conf.path.each do |p|
+    instr = p[:instr]
+    print p[:config] + " (#{instr[:state]},#{instr[:symbol]},#{instr[:move][0]}) => "
+  end
+  puts conf.to_s
+end
+```
+#### Output
+ [q0]0011 (1,X,r) => X[q1]011 (1,0,r) => X0[q1]11 (2,Y,l) => X[q2]0Y1 (2,0,l) => [q2]X0Y1 (0,X,r) => X[q0]0Y1 (1,X,r) => XX[q1]Y1 (1,Y,r) => XXY[q1]1 (2,Y,l) => XX[q2]YY (2,Y,l) => X[q2]XYY (0,X,r) => XX[q0]YY (3,Y,r) => XXY[q3]Y (3,Y,r) => XXYY[q3] (4,#,r) => XXYY#[q4]
+## Development
+
+After checking out the repo, run `bin/setup` to install dependencies. Then, run `bin/console` for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.
+
+To install this gem onto your local machine, run `bundle exec rake install`. To release a new version, update the version number in `version.rb`, and then run `bundle exec rake release` to create a git tag for the version, push git commits and tags, and push the `.gem` file to [rubygems.org](https://rubygems.org).
+
+## Contributing
+
+1. Fork it ( https://github.com/[my-github-username]/ntm/fork )
+2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
+3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
+4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
+5. Create a new Pull Request

data/Rakefile

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+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+

data/bin/console

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+#!/Users/bayram/.rbenv/shims/ruby ruby
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "ntm"
+
+# You can add fixtures and/or initialization code here to make experimenting
+# with your gem easier. You can also use a different console, if you like.
+
+# (If you use this, don't forget to add pry to your Gemfile!)
+# require "pry"
+# Pry.start
+
+require "irb"
+IRB.start

data/bin/setup

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+#!/bin/bash
+set -euo pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+bundle install
+
+# Do any other automated setup that you need to do here

data/lib/ntm.rb

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+require "ntm/version"
+require 'ntm/tape'
+require 'ntm/configuration'
+
+class Ntm
+
+  DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH = 10
+  #attr_reader :current_state
+  attr_reader :instructions
+
+  def initialize(options={}, &block)
+    tape =  Tape.new(content: options[:tape_content], head_position: options[:head_position].to_i)
+    @initial_state = options[:initial_state] || 0
+    @initial_config = Configuration.new(state: @initial_state, tape: tape)
+    #puts "initial state: #{initial_state}"
+    @config_queue =  [@initial_config]
+    @instructions =  {}
+    @result_of_computation = []
+
+    @input = nil
+
+    instance_eval(&block) if block_given?
+  end
+
+
+  def transition(options)
+    raise StandardError, 'Missing output state of the transition function!' unless options[:state]
+    raise StandardError, 'Missing write-symbol of the transition function!' unless options[:symbol]
+    raise StandardError, 'Missing head-move direction (right/left) of the transition function!' unless options[:move]
+
+    add_instruction(@input, {state:options[:state], symbol:options[:symbol], move:options[:move]})
+  end
+
+  def given(options, &block)
+    raise StandardError, 'Missing input state of the transition function!' unless options[:state]
+    raise StandardError, 'Missing input symbol of the transition function!' unless options[:symbol]
+
+    @input = { state:options[:state], symbol: options[:symbol] }
+    instance_eval(&block)
+  end
+
+
+
+  def reset
+    @config_queue = [@initial_config]
+    @result_of_computation = []
+  end
+
+
+  # add a single instruction to the instructions set
+  # instructions must be in the following format:
+  #
+  #    given is a hash       {state:1, symbol: '0'}
+  #    transition is a hash  {state:2, symbol: '1', move: :right}
+  #
+  def add_instruction(given, transition)
+    if instructions[given]
+      instructions[given] << transition
+    else
+      instructions[given] = [transition]
+    end
+  end
+
+
+  def instructions_count
+    count = 0
+    instructions.each_value { |instrs| count += instrs.size }
+    count
+  end
+
+
+  def run(options = {})
+
+    max_depth = options[:max_depth] || DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH
+    max_depth = max_depth.to_i
+    accept_states = options[:accept_states] || []
+
+    raise StandardError, 'Maximum depth must be a positive number!' unless max_depth > 0
+
+
+    if  options[:tape_content] || options[:head_position]
+      tape_content = options[:tape_content] || @initial_config.tape.content
+      head_position = options[:head_position] || @initial_config.tape.head_position
+      tape = Tape.new(content: tape_content, head_position: head_position.to_i)
+      @config_queue =  [Configuration.new(state: @initial_state, tape: tape)]
+    end
+
+    loop do
+      break if @config_queue.empty?
+
+      config = deque_configuration
+
+      if accept_states.include?(config.state)
+        @result_of_computation << config.dup
+        next
+      end
+
+      instrs = instructions[{state: config.state, symbol: config.tape.read}]
+      if instrs == nil
+        @result_of_computation << config.dup
+        next
+      end
+
+      instrs.each do |instr|
+        new_config = run_instruction(instr, config)
+        # increase the depth
+        new_config.depth = config.depth + 1
+        # add the path
+        new_config.path = config.path.dup << {instr:instr, config:config.to_s}
+        #puts "#{new_config.depth} = #{new_config.to_s}"
+        if new_config.depth >= max_depth
+          @result_of_computation << new_config.dup
+        else
+          enque_configuration(new_config)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    @result_of_computation.dup
+  end
+
+
+
+
+  def enque_configuration(config)
+    @config_queue.push(config.dup)
+  end
+
+
+  def deque_configuration
+    raise StandardError, 'Empty queue!' if @config_queue.size == 0
+    @config_queue.delete_at(0)
+  end
+
+  # runs the instruction in context of the given configuration
+  # generates a new configuration
+  def run_instruction(instr, config)
+    conf = config.dup
+    # write a symbol to the tape
+    conf.tape.write(instr[:symbol])
+    # go to a new state
+    conf.state = instr[:state]
+    # move the tape-head
+    if instr[:move] == :left
+      conf.tape.move_left
+    elsif instr[:move] == :right
+      conf.tape.move_right
+    else
+      raise StandardError, 'Tape-head may move only Right or Left!'
+    end
+
+    conf
+  end
+
+
+  private :run_instruction, :enque_configuration, :deque_configuration
+end

data/lib/ntm/configuration.rb

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+#require "tape"
+
+class Configuration
+  attr_accessor :state, :tape, :depth, :path
+
+  def initialize(options = {})
+    @tape   = options[:tape] || Tape.new
+    @state  = options[:state].to_i
+    @depth = options[:depth].to_i || 1
+    @path = []
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    conf = @tape.instance_variable_get(:@content).dup
+    conf.insert(@tape.head_position, "[q#{@state}]").collect!{|e| e ? e : Tape::BLANK }.join
+  end
+
+  def dup
+    conf = Configuration.new
+    conf.state = @state
+    conf.tape = @tape.dup
+    conf.depth = @depth
+    conf.path = @path.dup
+    conf
+  end
+end

data/lib/ntm/tape.rb

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+class Tape
+
+  BLANK = '#'
+
+  attr_reader :head_position
+
+  def initialize(options = {} )
+    @head_position = options[:head_position].to_i
+    @content       = (options[:content].to_s.empty?) ? [BLANK]: options[:content].split("")
+  end
+
+  def write(symbol)
+    @content[@head_position] = symbol
+  end
+
+  def read
+    @content[@head_position] || BLANK
+  end
+
+  def move_left
+    raise StandardError, 'The machine moved off the left-hand of the tape!' if @head_position == 0
+    @head_position -= 1
+  end
+
+  def move_right
+    @head_position += 1
+  end
+
+  def reset
+    @content = [BLANK]
+    @head_position = 0
+  end
+
+  def dup
+    Tape.new({head_position: @head_position, content: @content.dup.join})
+  end
+end

data/lib/ntm/version.rb

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+class Ntm
+  VERSION = "0.1.0"
+end

data/ntm.gemspec

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+# coding: utf-8
+lib = File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__)
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
+require 'ntm/version'
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name          = "ntm"
+  spec.version       = Ntm::VERSION
+  spec.authors       = ["fade2black"]
+  spec.email         = ["bkuliyev@gmail.com"]
+
+
+  spec.summary       = %q{Create and run a nondeterministic Turing machine.}
+  spec.homepage      = ""
+  spec.license       = "MIT"
+
+  spec.files         = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
+  spec.bindir        = "exe"
+  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
+  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency "bundler", "~> 1.8"
+  spec.add_development_dependency "rake", "~> 10.0"
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rspec'
+end

metadata

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+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: ntm
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.1.0
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- fade2black
+autorequire: 
+bindir: exe
+cert_chain: []
+date: 2015-04-10 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: bundler
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.8'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.8'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '10.0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '10.0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rspec
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+description: 
+email:
+- bkuliyev@gmail.com
+executables: []
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- ".gitignore"
+- ".rspec"
+- ".travis.yml"
+- CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
+- Gemfile
+- LICENSE.txt
+- README.md
+- Rakefile
+- bin/console
+- bin/setup
+- lib/ntm.rb
+- lib/ntm/configuration.rb
+- lib/ntm/tape.rb
+- lib/ntm/version.rb
+- ntm.gemspec
+homepage: ''
+licenses:
+- MIT
+metadata: {}
+post_install_message: 
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubyforge_project: 
+rubygems_version: 2.2.2
+signing_key: 
+specification_version: 4
+summary: Create and run a nondeterministic Turing machine.
+test_files: []