nokogumbo 1.3.0 → 1.4.1

data/README.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Example
 -----
 ```ruby
 require 'nokogumbo'
-puts Nokogiri::HTML5.get('http://nokogiri.org').at('h1 abbr')['title']
+puts Nokogiri::HTML5.get('http://nokogiri.org').search('ol li')[2].text
 ```
 
 Notes

data/ext/nokogumboc/nokogumbo.c

@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@ static xmlNodePtr walk_tree(xmlDocPtr document, GumboElement *node) {
 
     switch (child->type) {
       case GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT:
+      case GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE:
         node = walk_tree(document, &child->v.element);
         break;
       case GUMBO_NODE_WHITESPACE:

data/gumbo-parser/src/error.c

@@ -35,10 +35,11 @@ static const size_t kMessageBufferSize = 256;
 static int print_message(GumboParser* parser, GumboStringBuffer* output,
                          const char* format, ...) {
   va_list args;
-  va_start(args, format);
   int remaining_capacity = output->capacity - output->length;
+  va_start(args, format);
   int bytes_written = vsnprintf(output->data + output->length,
                                 remaining_capacity, format, args);
+  va_end(args);
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
   if (bytes_written == -1) {
     // vsnprintf returns -1 on MSVC++ if there's not enough capacity, instead of
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ static int print_message(GumboParser* parser, GumboStringBuffer* output,
     // we retry (letting it fail and returning 0 if it doesn't), since there's
     // no way to smartly resize the buffer.
     gumbo_string_buffer_reserve(parser, output->capacity * 2, output);
+    va_start(args, format);
     int result = vsnprintf(output->data + output->length,
                            remaining_capacity, format, args);
     va_end(args);
@@ -55,7 +57,6 @@ static int print_message(GumboParser* parser, GumboStringBuffer* output,
 #else
   // -1 in standard C99 indicates an encoding error.  Return 0 and do nothing.
   if (bytes_written == -1) {
-    va_end(args);
     return 0;
   }
 #endif
@@ -64,11 +65,12 @@ static int print_message(GumboParser* parser, GumboStringBuffer* output,
     gumbo_string_buffer_reserve(
         parser, output->capacity + bytes_written, output);
     remaining_capacity = output->capacity - output->length;
+    va_start(args, format);
     bytes_written = vsnprintf(output->data + output->length,
                               remaining_capacity, format, args);
+    va_end(args);
   }
   output->length += bytes_written;
-  va_end(args);
   return bytes_written;
 }
 
@@ -106,6 +108,7 @@ static void handle_parser_error(GumboParser* parser,
       // But just in case...
       print_message(parser, output, "Comments aren't legal here");
       return;
+    case GUMBO_TOKEN_CDATA:
     case GUMBO_TOKEN_WHITESPACE:
     case GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER:
       print_message(parser, output, "Character tokens aren't legal here");

data/gumbo-parser/src/gumbo.h

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ extern const GumboVector kGumboEmptyVector;
  * Returns the first index at which an element appears in this vector (testing
  * by pointer equality), or -1 if it never does.
  */
-int gumbo_vector_index_of(GumboVector* vector, void* element);
+int gumbo_vector_index_of(GumboVector* vector, const void* element);
 
 
 /**
@@ -157,172 +157,10 @@ int gumbo_vector_index_of(GumboVector* vector, void* element);
  * strings.
  */
 typedef enum {
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#the-root-element
-  GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#document-metadata
-  GUMBO_TAG_HEAD,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TITLE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BASE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_LINK,
-  GUMBO_TAG_META,
-  GUMBO_TAG_STYLE,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/scripting-1.html#scripting-1
-  GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/sections.html#sections
-  GUMBO_TAG_BODY,
-  GUMBO_TAG_ARTICLE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SECTION,
-  GUMBO_TAG_NAV,
-  GUMBO_TAG_ASIDE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_H1,
-  GUMBO_TAG_H2,
-  GUMBO_TAG_H3,
-  GUMBO_TAG_H4,
-  GUMBO_TAG_H5,
-  GUMBO_TAG_H6,
-  GUMBO_TAG_HGROUP,
-  GUMBO_TAG_HEADER,
-  GUMBO_TAG_FOOTER,
-  GUMBO_TAG_ADDRESS,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/grouping-content.html#grouping-content
-  GUMBO_TAG_P,
-  GUMBO_TAG_HR,
-  GUMBO_TAG_PRE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BLOCKQUOTE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_OL,
-  GUMBO_TAG_UL,
-  GUMBO_TAG_LI,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DL,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DD,
-  GUMBO_TAG_FIGURE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_FIGCAPTION,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MAIN,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DIV,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#text-level-semantics
-  GUMBO_TAG_A,
-  GUMBO_TAG_EM,
-  GUMBO_TAG_STRONG,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SMALL,
-  GUMBO_TAG_S,
-  GUMBO_TAG_CITE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_Q,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DFN,
-  GUMBO_TAG_ABBR,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DATA,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TIME,
-  GUMBO_TAG_CODE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_VAR,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SAMP,
-  GUMBO_TAG_KBD,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SUB,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SUP,
-  GUMBO_TAG_I,
-  GUMBO_TAG_B,
-  GUMBO_TAG_U,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MARK,
-  GUMBO_TAG_RUBY,
-  GUMBO_TAG_RT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_RP,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BDI,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BDO,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SPAN,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BR,
-  GUMBO_TAG_WBR,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/edits.html#edits
-  GUMBO_TAG_INS,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DEL,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/embedded-content-1.html#embedded-content-1
-  GUMBO_TAG_IMAGE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_IMG,
-  GUMBO_TAG_IFRAME,
-  GUMBO_TAG_EMBED,
-  GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_PARAM,
-  GUMBO_TAG_VIDEO,
-  GUMBO_TAG_AUDIO,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SOURCE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TRACK,
-  GUMBO_TAG_CANVAS,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MAP,
-  GUMBO_TAG_AREA,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-map-element.html#mathml
-  GUMBO_TAG_MATH,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MI,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MO,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MN,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MS,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MGLYPH,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MALIGNMARK,
-  GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-map-element.html#svg-0
-  GUMBO_TAG_SVG,
-  GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DESC,
-  // SVG title tags will have GUMBO_TAG_TITLE as with HTML.
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/tabular-data.html#tabular-data
-  GUMBO_TAG_TABLE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION,
-  GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP,
-  GUMBO_TAG_COL,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TBODY,
-  GUMBO_TAG_THEAD,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TR,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TD,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TH,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/forms.html#forms
-  GUMBO_TAG_FORM,
-  GUMBO_TAG_FIELDSET,
-  GUMBO_TAG_LEGEND,
-  GUMBO_TAG_LABEL,
-  GUMBO_TAG_INPUT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SELECT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DATALIST,
-  GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP,
-  GUMBO_TAG_OPTION,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TEXTAREA,
-  GUMBO_TAG_KEYGEN,
-  GUMBO_TAG_OUTPUT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_PROGRESS,
-  GUMBO_TAG_METER,
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/interactive-elements.html#interactive-elements
-  GUMBO_TAG_DETAILS,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SUMMARY,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MENU,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MENUITEM,
-  // Non-conforming elements that nonetheless appear in the HTML5 spec.
-  // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/obsolete.html#non-conforming-features
-  GUMBO_TAG_APPLET,
-  GUMBO_TAG_ACRONYM,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BGSOUND,
-  GUMBO_TAG_DIR,
-  GUMBO_TAG_FRAME,
-  GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET,
-  GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES,
-  GUMBO_TAG_ISINDEX,
-  GUMBO_TAG_LISTING,
-  GUMBO_TAG_XMP,
-  GUMBO_TAG_NEXTID,
-  GUMBO_TAG_NOEMBED,
-  GUMBO_TAG_PLAINTEXT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_RB,
-  GUMBO_TAG_STRIKE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BASEFONT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BIG,
-  GUMBO_TAG_BLINK,
-  GUMBO_TAG_CENTER,
-  GUMBO_TAG_FONT,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
-  GUMBO_TAG_MULTICOL,
-  GUMBO_TAG_NOBR,
-  GUMBO_TAG_SPACER,
-  GUMBO_TAG_TT,
-  // Used for all tags that don't have special handling in HTML.
+  // Load all the tags from an external source, generated from tag.in.
+# include "tag_enum.h"
+  // Used for all tags that don't have special handling in HTML.  Add new tags
+  // to the end of tag.in so as to preserve backwards-compatibility.
   GUMBO_TAG_UNKNOWN,
   // A marker value to indicate the end of the enum, for iterating over it.
   // Also used as the terminator for varargs functions that take tags.
@@ -364,9 +202,10 @@ const char* gumbo_normalize_svg_tagname(const GumboStringPiece* tagname);
 
 /**
  * Converts a tag name string (which may be in upper or mixed case) to a tag
- * enum.
+ * enum. The `tag` version expects `tagname` to be NULL-terminated
  */
 GumboTag gumbo_tag_enum(const char* tagname);
+GumboTag gumbo_tagn_enum(const char* tagname, unsigned int length);
 
 /**
  * Attribute namespaces.
@@ -461,10 +300,16 @@ typedef enum {
   GUMBO_NODE_TEXT,
   /** CDATA node. v will be a GumboText. */
   GUMBO_NODE_CDATA,
-  /** Comment node.  v. will be a GumboText, excluding comment delimiters. */
+  /** Comment node.  v will be a GumboText, excluding comment delimiters. */
   GUMBO_NODE_COMMENT,
   /** Text node, where all contents is whitespace.  v will be a GumboText. */
-  GUMBO_NODE_WHITESPACE
+  GUMBO_NODE_WHITESPACE,
+  /** Template node.  This is separate from GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT because many
+   * client libraries will want to ignore the contents of template nodes, as
+   * the spec suggests.  Recursing on GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT will do the right thing
+   * here, while clients that want to include template contents should also
+   * check for GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE.  v will be a GumboElement.  */
+  GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE
 } GumboNodeType;
 
 /**
@@ -678,6 +523,19 @@ struct GumboInternalNode {
   /** Pointer back to parent node.  Not owned. */
   GumboNode* parent;
 
+  /**
+   * Pointer to next node in document order.  This is the next node by start tag
+   * position in the document, or by position of the tag that forces the parser
+   * to insert it for parser-inserted nodes.  It's necessary to maintain API
+   * compatibility with some other libraries, eg. BeautifulSoup.  Not owned.
+   */
+  GumboNode* next;
+
+  /**
+   * Pointer to previous node in document order.
+   */
+  GumboNode* prev;
+
   /** The index within the parent's children vector of this node. */
   size_t index_within_parent;
 
@@ -795,6 +653,14 @@ GumboOutput* gumbo_parse(const char* buffer);
 GumboOutput* gumbo_parse_with_options(
     const GumboOptions* options, const char* buffer, size_t buffer_length);
 
+/**
+ * Parse a chunk of HTML with the given fragment context. If `fragment_ctx`
+ * is `GUMBO_TAG_LAST`, the fragment will be parsed as a full document.
+ */
+GumboOutput* gumbo_parse_fragment(
+    const GumboOptions* options, const char* buffer, size_t length,
+    const GumboTag fragment_ctx, const GumboNamespaceEnum fragment_namespace);
+
 /** Release the memory used for the parse tree & parse errors. */
 void gumbo_destroy_output(
     const GumboOptions* options, GumboOutput* output);

data/gumbo-parser/src/parser.c

@@ -32,12 +32,30 @@
 #include "util.h"
 #include "vector.h"
 
-
 #define AVOID_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNING(i) (void)(i)
 
 #define GUMBO_STRING(literal) { literal, sizeof(literal) - 1 }
 #define TERMINATOR { "", 0 }
 
+typedef char gumbo_tagset[GUMBO_TAG_LAST];
+#define TAG(tag) [GUMBO_TAG_##tag] = (1 << GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML)
+#define TAG_SVG(tag) [GUMBO_TAG_##tag] = (1 << GUMBO_NAMESPACE_SVG)
+#define TAG_MATHML(tag) [GUMBO_TAG_##tag] = (1 << GUMBO_NAMESPACE_MATHML)
+
+#define TAGSET_INCLUDES(tagset, namespace, tag) \
+  (tag < GUMBO_TAG_LAST && \
+   tagset[(int)tag] == (1 << (int)namespace))
+
+
+
+// selected forward declarations as it is getting hard to find
+// an appropriate order
+static bool node_html_tag_is(const GumboNode*, GumboTag);
+static GumboInsertionMode get_current_template_insertion_mode(const GumboParser*);
+static bool handle_in_template(GumboParser*, GumboToken*);
+static GumboNode* destroy_node(GumboParser*, GumboNode*);
+
+
 static void* malloc_wrapper(void* unused, size_t size) {
   return malloc(size);
 }
@@ -181,7 +199,7 @@ typedef struct _ReplacementEntry {
     { GUMBO_STRING(from), GUMBO_STRING(to) }
 
 // Static data for SVG attribute replacements.
-// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/tree-construction.html#adjust-svg-attributes
+// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#creating-and-inserting-nodes
 static const ReplacementEntry kSvgAttributeReplacements[] = {
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("attributename", "attributeName"),
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("attributetype", "attributeType"),
@@ -189,12 +207,12 @@ static const ReplacementEntry kSvgAttributeReplacements[] = {
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("baseprofile", "baseProfile"),
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("calcmode", "calcMode"),
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("clippathunits", "clipPathUnits"),
-  REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("contentscripttype", "contentScriptType"),
-  REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("contentstyletype", "contentStyleType"),
+  // REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("contentscripttype", "contentScriptType"),
+  // REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("contentstyletype", "contentStyleType"),
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("diffuseconstant", "diffuseConstant"),
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("edgemode", "edgeMode"),
-  REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("externalresourcesrequired", "externalResourcesRequired"),
-  REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("filterres", "filterRes"),
+  // REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("externalresourcesrequired", "externalResourcesRequired"),
+  // REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("filterres", "filterRes"),
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("filterunits", "filterUnits"),
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("glyphref", "glyphRef"),
   REPLACEMENT_ENTRY("gradienttransform", "gradientTransform"),
@@ -336,7 +354,7 @@ typedef struct _TextNodeBufferState {
   // The source position of the start of this text node.
   GumboSourcePosition _start_position;
 
-  // The type of node that will be inserted (TEXT or WHITESPACE).
+  // The type of node that will be inserted (TEXT, CDATA, or WHITESPACE).
   GumboNodeType _type;
 } TextNodeBufferState;
 
@@ -362,6 +380,9 @@ typedef struct GumboInternalParserState {
   GumboNode* _head_element;
   GumboNode* _form_element;
 
+  // The element used as fragment context when parsing in fragment mode
+  GumboNode* _fragment_ctx;
+
   // The flag for when the spec says "Reprocess the current token in..."
   bool _reprocess_current_token;
 
@@ -390,6 +411,10 @@ typedef struct GumboInternalParserState {
   // The current token.
   GumboToken* _current_token;
 
+  // The current (most recently inserted) node.  This is used to link together
+  // nodes in document order.
+  GumboNode* _current_node;
+
   // The way that the spec is written, the </body> and </html> tags are *always*
   // implicit, because encountering one of those tokens merely switches the
   // insertion mode out of "in body".  So we have individual state flags for
@@ -442,7 +467,17 @@ static void set_frameset_not_ok(GumboParser* parser) {
 }
 
 static GumboNode* create_node(GumboParser* parser, GumboNodeType type) {
+  GumboParserState* state = parser->_parser_state;
   GumboNode* node = gumbo_parser_allocate(parser, sizeof(GumboNode));
+
+  node->next = NULL;
+  node->prev = state->_current_node;
+  if (state->_current_node != NULL) {
+    // May be null for the initial document node.
+    state->_current_node->next = node;
+  }
+  state->_current_node = node;
+
   node->parent = NULL;
   node->index_within_parent = -1;
   node->type = type;
@@ -489,7 +524,9 @@ static void parser_state_init(GumboParser* parser) {
   gumbo_vector_init(parser, 5, &parser_state->_template_insertion_modes);
   parser_state->_head_element = NULL;
   parser_state->_form_element = NULL;
+  parser_state->_fragment_ctx = NULL;
   parser_state->_current_token = NULL;
+  parser_state->_current_node = NULL;
   parser_state->_closed_body_tag = false;
   parser_state->_closed_html_tag = false;
   parser->_parser_state = parser_state;
@@ -497,17 +534,25 @@ static void parser_state_init(GumboParser* parser) {
 
 static void parser_state_destroy(GumboParser* parser) {
   GumboParserState* state = parser->_parser_state;
+  if (state->_fragment_ctx) {
+    destroy_node(parser, state->_fragment_ctx);
+  }
   gumbo_vector_destroy(parser, &state->_active_formatting_elements);
   gumbo_vector_destroy(parser, &state->_open_elements);
   gumbo_vector_destroy(parser, &state->_template_insertion_modes);
   gumbo_string_buffer_destroy(parser, &state->_text_node._buffer);
   gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, state);
+  parser->_parser_state = NULL;
 }
 
 static GumboNode* get_document_node(GumboParser* parser) {
   return parser->_output->document;
 }
 
+static bool is_fragment_parser(const GumboParser *parser) {
+  return !!parser->_parser_state->_fragment_ctx;
+}
+
 // Returns the node at the bottom of the stack of open elements, or NULL if no
 // elements have been added yet.
 static GumboNode* get_current_node(GumboParser* parser) {
@@ -521,6 +566,14 @@ static GumboNode* get_current_node(GumboParser* parser) {
   return open_elements->data[open_elements->length - 1];
 }
 
+static GumboNode* get_adjusted_current_node(GumboParser* parser) {
+  GumboParserState *state = parser->_parser_state;
+  if (state->_open_elements.length == 1 && state->_fragment_ctx) {
+    return state->_fragment_ctx;
+  }
+  return get_current_node(parser);
+}
+
 // Returns true if the given needle is in the given array of literal
 // GumboStringPieces.  If exact_match is true, this requires that they match
 // exactly; otherwise, this performs a prefix match to check if any of the
@@ -541,52 +594,80 @@ static void set_insertion_mode(GumboParser* parser, GumboInsertionMode mode) {
   parser->_parser_state->_insertion_mode = mode;
 }
 
+
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/parsing.html#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately
 // This is a helper function that returns the appropriate insertion mode instead
 // of setting it.  Returns GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_INITIAL as a sentinel value to
 // indicate that there is no appropriate insertion mode, and the loop should
 // continue.
-static GumboInsertionMode get_appropriate_insertion_mode(
-    const GumboNode* node, bool is_last) {
-  assert(node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
+static GumboInsertionMode get_appropriate_insertion_mode(const GumboParser* parser, int index) {
+  const GumboVector* open_elements = &parser->_parser_state->_open_elements;
+  const GumboNode* node = open_elements->data[index];
+  const bool is_last = index == 0;
+
+  if (is_last && is_fragment_parser(parser)) {
+    node = parser->_parser_state->_fragment_ctx;
+  }
+
+  assert(node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT || node->type == GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE);
   switch (node->v.element.tag) {
-    case GUMBO_TAG_SELECT:
+  case GUMBO_TAG_SELECT: {
+    if (is_last) {
       return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_SELECT;
-    case GUMBO_TAG_TD:
-    case GUMBO_TAG_TH:
-      return is_last ?
-          GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_BODY : GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_CELL;
-    case GUMBO_TAG_TR:
-      return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_ROW;
-    case GUMBO_TAG_TBODY:
-    case GUMBO_TAG_THEAD:
-    case GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT:
-      return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE_BODY;
-    case GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION:
-      return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_CAPTION;
-    case GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP:
-      return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_COLUMN_GROUP;
-    case GUMBO_TAG_TABLE:
-      return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE;
-    case GUMBO_TAG_HEAD:
-    case GUMBO_TAG_BODY:
-      return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_BODY;
-    case GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET:
-      return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_FRAMESET;
-    case GUMBO_TAG_HTML:
-      return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_BEFORE_HEAD;
-    default:
-      return is_last ?
-          GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_BODY : GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_INITIAL;
+    }
+    for (int i = index; i > 0; --i) {
+      const GumboNode* ancestor = open_elements->data[i];
+      if (node_html_tag_is(ancestor, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+        return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_SELECT;
+      }
+      if (node_html_tag_is(ancestor, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE)) {
+        return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_SELECT_IN_TABLE;
+      }
+    }
+    return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_SELECT;
   }
+  case GUMBO_TAG_TD:
+  case GUMBO_TAG_TH:
+      if (!is_last) return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_CELL;
+      break;
+  case GUMBO_TAG_TR:
+    return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_ROW;
+  case GUMBO_TAG_TBODY:
+  case GUMBO_TAG_THEAD:
+  case GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT:
+    return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE_BODY;
+  case GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION:
+    return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_CAPTION;
+  case GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP:
+    return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_COLUMN_GROUP;
+  case GUMBO_TAG_TABLE:
+    return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE;
+  case GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE:
+    return get_current_template_insertion_mode(parser);
+  case GUMBO_TAG_HEAD:
+      if (!is_last) return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_HEAD;
+      break;
+  case GUMBO_TAG_BODY:
+    return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_BODY;
+  case GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET:
+    return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_FRAMESET;
+  case GUMBO_TAG_HTML:
+      return parser->_parser_state->_head_element ?
+        GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_AFTER_HEAD : GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_BEFORE_HEAD;
+  default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return is_last ?
+    GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_BODY : GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_INITIAL;
 }
 
+
 // This performs the actual "reset the insertion mode" loop.
 static void reset_insertion_mode_appropriately(GumboParser* parser) {
   const GumboVector* open_elements = &parser->_parser_state->_open_elements;
   for (int i = open_elements->length; --i >= 0; ) {
     GumboInsertionMode mode =
-        get_appropriate_insertion_mode(open_elements->data[i], i == 0);
+        get_appropriate_insertion_mode(parser, i);
     if (mode != GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_INITIAL) {
       set_insertion_mode(parser, mode);
       return;
@@ -620,7 +701,7 @@ static GumboError* parser_add_parse_error(GumboParser* parser, const GumboToken*
                    &extra_data->tag_stack);
   for (int i = 0; i < state->_open_elements.length; ++i) {
     const GumboNode* node = state->_open_elements.data[i];
-    assert(node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
+    assert(node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT || node->type == GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE);
     gumbo_vector_add(parser, (void*) node->v.element.tag,
                     &extra_data->tag_stack);
   }
@@ -631,13 +712,7 @@ static GumboError* parser_add_parse_error(GumboParser* parser, const GumboToken*
 // by is_start) with one of the tag types in the varargs list.  Terminate the
 // list with GUMBO_TAG_LAST; this functions as a sentinel since no portion of
 // the spec references tags that are not in the spec.
-// TODO(jdtang): A lot of the tag lists for this function are repeated in many
-// places in the code.  This is how it's written in the spec (and it's done this
-// way so it's easy to verify the code against the spec), but it may be worth
-// coming up with a notion of a "tag set" that includes a list of tags, and
-// using that in many places.  It'd probably also help performance, but I want
-// to profile before optimizing.
-static bool tag_in(const GumboToken* token, bool is_start, ...) {
+static bool tag_in(const GumboToken* token, bool is_start, const gumbo_tagset tags) {
   GumboTag token_tag;
   if (is_start && token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG) {
     token_tag = token->v.start_tag.tag;
@@ -646,19 +721,7 @@ static bool tag_in(const GumboToken* token, bool is_start, ...) {
   } else {
     return false;
   }
-
-  va_list tags;
-  va_start(tags, is_start);
-  bool result = false;
-  for (GumboTag tag = va_arg(tags, GumboTag); tag != GUMBO_TAG_LAST;
-       tag = va_arg(tags, GumboTag)) {
-    if (tag == token_tag) {
-      result = true;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  va_end(tags);
-  return result;
+  return (token_tag < GUMBO_TAG_LAST && tags[(int)token_tag] != 0);
 }
 
 // Like tag_in, but for the single-tag case.
@@ -673,52 +736,119 @@ static bool tag_is(const GumboToken* token, bool is_start, GumboTag tag) {
 }
 
 // Like tag_in, but checks for the tag of a node, rather than a token.
-static bool node_tag_in(const GumboNode* node, ...) {
+static bool node_tag_in_set(const GumboNode* node, const gumbo_tagset tags) {
   assert(node != NULL);
-  if (node->type != GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT) {
+  if (node->type != GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT && node->type != GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE) {
     return false;
   }
-  GumboTag node_tag = node->v.element.tag;
-
-  va_list tags;
-  va_start(tags, node);
-  bool result = false;
-  for (GumboTag tag = va_arg(tags, GumboTag); tag != GUMBO_TAG_LAST;
-       tag = va_arg(tags, GumboTag)) {
-    assert(tag <= GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
-    if (tag == node_tag) {
-      result = true;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  va_end(tags);
-  return result;
+  return TAGSET_INCLUDES(tags, node->v.element.tag_namespace, node->v.element.tag);
 }
 
+
 // Like node_tag_in, but for the single-tag case.
-static bool node_tag_is(const GumboNode* node, GumboTag tag) {
-  return node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT && node->v.element.tag == tag;
+static bool node_qualified_tag_is(const GumboNode* node, GumboNamespaceEnum ns, GumboTag tag) {
+  return (node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT || node->type == GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE) &&
+    node->v.element.tag == tag &&
+    node->v.element.tag_namespace == ns;
+}
+
+// Like node_tag_in, but for the single-tag case in the HTML namespace
+static bool node_html_tag_is(const GumboNode* node, GumboTag tag)
+{
+  return node_qualified_tag_is(node, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML, tag);
+}
+
+static void push_template_insertion_mode(GumboParser* parser, GumboInsertionMode mode) {
+  gumbo_vector_add(parser, (void*) mode, &parser->_parser_state->_template_insertion_modes);
+}
+
+static void pop_template_insertion_mode(GumboParser* parser) {
+  gumbo_vector_pop(parser, &parser->_parser_state->_template_insertion_modes);
+}
+
+// Returns the current template insertion mode.  If the stack of template
+// insertion modes is empty, this returns GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_INITIAL.
+static GumboInsertionMode get_current_template_insertion_mode(const GumboParser* parser) {
+  GumboVector* template_insertion_modes = &parser->_parser_state->_template_insertion_modes;
+  if (template_insertion_modes->length == 0) {
+    return GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_INITIAL;
+  }
+  return (GumboInsertionMode) template_insertion_modes->data[(template_insertion_modes->length - 1)];
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/tree-construction.html#mathml-text-integration-point
 static bool is_mathml_integration_point(const GumboNode* node) {
-  return node_tag_in(node, GUMBO_TAG_MI, GUMBO_TAG_MO, GUMBO_TAG_MN,
-                     GUMBO_TAG_MS, GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT, GUMBO_TAG_LAST) &&
-      node->v.element.tag_namespace == GUMBO_NAMESPACE_MATHML;
+  return node_tag_in_set(node, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG_MATHML(MI), TAG_MATHML(MO), TAG_MATHML(MN),
+        TAG_MATHML(MS), TAG_MATHML(MTEXT) });
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/tree-construction.html#html-integration-point
 static bool is_html_integration_point(const GumboNode* node) {
-  return (node_tag_in(node, GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_DESC,
-                      GUMBO_TAG_TITLE, GUMBO_TAG_LAST) &&
-      node->v.element.tag_namespace == GUMBO_NAMESPACE_SVG) ||
-      (node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML) && (
+  return node_tag_in_set(node, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG_SVG(FOREIGNOBJECT), TAG_SVG(DESC), TAG_SVG(TITLE) }) ||
+    (node_qualified_tag_is(node, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_MATHML, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML) && (
           attribute_matches(&node->v.element.attributes,
                             "encoding", "text/html") ||
           attribute_matches(&node->v.element.attributes,
                             "encoding", "application/xhtml+xml")));
 }
 
+
+// This represents a place to insert a node, consisting of a target parent and a
+// child index within that parent.  If the node should be inserted at the end of
+// the parent's child, index will be -1.
+typedef struct {
+  GumboNode* target;
+  int index;
+} InsertionLocation;
+
+InsertionLocation get_appropriate_insertion_location(GumboParser* parser, GumboNode* override_target) {
+  InsertionLocation retval = { override_target, -1 };
+  if (retval.target == NULL) {
+    // No override target; default to the current node, but special-case the
+    // root node since get_current_node() assumes the stack of open elements is
+    // non-empty.
+    retval.target = parser->_output->root != NULL ?
+      get_current_node(parser) : get_document_node(parser);
+  }
+  if (!parser->_parser_state->_foster_parent_insertions ||
+      !node_tag_in_set(retval.target, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TABLE), TAG(TBODY),
+                           TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR) })) {
+    return retval;
+  }
+
+  // Foster-parenting case.
+  int last_template_index = -1;
+  int last_table_index = -1;
+  GumboVector* open_elements = &parser->_parser_state->_open_elements;
+  for (int i = 0; i < open_elements->length; ++i) {
+    if (node_html_tag_is(open_elements->data[i], GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+      last_template_index = i;
+    }
+    if (node_html_tag_is(open_elements->data[i], GUMBO_TAG_TABLE)) {
+      last_table_index = i;
+    }
+  }
+  if (last_template_index != -1 &&
+      (last_table_index == -1 || last_template_index > last_table_index)) {
+    retval.target = open_elements->data[last_template_index];
+    return retval;
+  }
+  if (last_table_index == -1) {
+    retval.target = open_elements->data[0];
+    return retval;
+  }
+  GumboNode* last_table = open_elements->data[last_table_index];
+  if (last_table->parent != NULL) {
+    retval.target = last_table->parent;
+    retval.index = last_table->index_within_parent;
+    return retval;
+  }
+
+  retval.target = open_elements->data[last_table_index - 1];
+  return retval;
+}
+
+
 // Appends a node to the end of its parent, setting the "parent" and
 // "index_within_parent" fields appropriately.
 static void append_node(
@@ -726,7 +856,7 @@ static void append_node(
   assert(node->parent == NULL);
   assert(node->index_within_parent == -1);
   GumboVector* children;
-  if (parent->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT) {
+  if (parent->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT || parent->type == GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE) {
     children = &parent->v.element.children;
   } else {
     assert(parent->type == GUMBO_NODE_DOCUMENT);
@@ -738,66 +868,44 @@ static void append_node(
   assert(node->index_within_parent < children->length);
 }
 
-// Inserts a node at the specified index within its parent, updating the
+// Inserts a node at the specified InsertionLocation, updating the
 // "parent" and "index_within_parent" fields of it and all its siblings.
+// If the index of the location is -1, this calls append_node.
 static void insert_node(
-    GumboParser* parser, GumboNode* parent, int index, GumboNode* node) {
+                        GumboParser* parser, GumboNode* node, InsertionLocation location) {
   assert(node->parent == NULL);
   assert(node->index_within_parent == -1);
-  assert(parent->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
-  GumboVector* children = &parent->v.element.children;
-  assert(index >= 0);
-  assert(index < children->length);
-  node->parent = parent;
-  node->index_within_parent = index;
-  gumbo_vector_insert_at(parser, (void*) node, index, children);
-  assert(node->index_within_parent < children->length);
-  for (int i = index + 1; i < children->length; ++i) {
-    GumboNode* sibling = children->data[i];
-    sibling->index_within_parent = i;
-    assert(sibling->index_within_parent < children->length);
-  }
-}
+  GumboNode* parent = location.target;
+  int index = location.index;
+  if (index != -1) {
+    GumboVector* children = NULL;
+    if (parent->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT ||
+        parent->type == GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE) {
+      children = &parent->v.element.children;
+    } else if (parent->type == GUMBO_NODE_DOCUMENT) {
+      children = &parent->v.document.children;
+      assert(children->length == 0);
+    } else {
+      assert(0);
+    }
 
-// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#foster-parenting
-static void foster_parent_element(GumboParser* parser, GumboNode* node) {
-  GumboVector* open_elements = &parser->_parser_state->_open_elements;
-  assert(open_elements->length > 2);
-
-  node->parse_flags |= GUMBO_INSERTION_FOSTER_PARENTED;
-  GumboNode* foster_parent_element = open_elements->data[0];
-  assert(foster_parent_element->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
-  assert(node_tag_is(foster_parent_element, GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
-  for (int i = open_elements->length; --i > 1; ) {
-    GumboNode* table_element = open_elements->data[i];
-    if (node_tag_is(table_element, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE)) {
-      foster_parent_element = table_element->parent;
-      if (!foster_parent_element ||
-          foster_parent_element->type != GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT) {
-        // Table has no parent; spec says it's possible if a script manipulated
-        // the DOM, although I don't think we have to worry about this case.
-        gumbo_debug("Table has no parent.\n");
-        foster_parent_element = open_elements->data[i - 1];
-        break;
-      }
-      assert(foster_parent_element->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
-      gumbo_debug("Found enclosing table (%x) at %d; parent=%s, index=%d.\n",
-                 table_element, i, gumbo_normalized_tagname(
-                     foster_parent_element->v.element.tag),
-                 table_element->index_within_parent);
-      assert(foster_parent_element->v.element.children.data[
-             table_element->index_within_parent] == table_element);
-      insert_node(parser, foster_parent_element,
-                  table_element->index_within_parent, node);
-      return;
+    assert(index >= 0);
+    assert(index < children->length);
+    node->parent = parent;
+    node->index_within_parent = index;
+    gumbo_vector_insert_at(parser, (void*) node, index, children);
+    assert(node->index_within_parent < children->length);
+    for (int i = index + 1; i < children->length; ++i) {
+      GumboNode* sibling = children->data[i];
+      sibling->index_within_parent = i;
+      assert(sibling->index_within_parent < children->length);
     }
+  } else {
+    append_node(parser, parent, node);
   }
-  if (node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT) {
-    gumbo_vector_add(parser, (void*) node, open_elements);
-  }
-  append_node(parser, foster_parent_element, node);
 }
 
+
 static void maybe_flush_text_node_buffer(GumboParser* parser) {
   GumboParserState* state = parser->_parser_state;
   TextNodeBufferState* buffer_state = &state->_text_node;
@@ -806,7 +914,8 @@ static void maybe_flush_text_node_buffer(GumboParser* parser) {
   }
 
   assert(buffer_state->_type == GUMBO_NODE_WHITESPACE ||
-         buffer_state->_type == GUMBO_NODE_TEXT);
+         buffer_state->_type == GUMBO_NODE_TEXT ||
+         buffer_state->_type == GUMBO_NODE_CDATA);
   GumboNode* text_node = create_node(parser, buffer_state->_type);
   GumboText* text_node_data = &text_node->v.text;
   text_node_data->text = gumbo_string_buffer_to_string(
@@ -816,20 +925,20 @@ static void maybe_flush_text_node_buffer(GumboParser* parser) {
       state->_current_token->original_text.data -
       buffer_state->_start_original_text;
   text_node_data->start_pos = buffer_state->_start_position;
-  if (state->_foster_parent_insertions && node_tag_in(
-      get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY,
-      GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
-    foster_parent_element(parser, text_node);
-  } else {
-    append_node(
-        parser, parser->_output->root ?
-        get_current_node(parser) : parser->_output->document, text_node);
-  }
+
   gumbo_debug("Flushing text node buffer of %.*s.\n",
              (int) buffer_state->_buffer.length, buffer_state->_buffer.data);
 
-  gumbo_string_buffer_destroy(parser, &buffer_state->_buffer);
-  gumbo_string_buffer_init(parser, &buffer_state->_buffer);
+  InsertionLocation location = get_appropriate_insertion_location(parser, NULL);
+  if (location.target->type == GUMBO_NODE_DOCUMENT) {
+    // The DOM does not allow Document nodes to have Text children, so per the
+    // spec, they are dropped on the floor.
+    destroy_node(parser, text_node);
+  } else {
+    insert_node(parser, text_node, location);
+  }
+
+  gumbo_string_buffer_clear(parser, &buffer_state->_buffer);
   buffer_state->_type = GUMBO_NODE_WHITESPACE;
   assert(buffer_state->_buffer.length == 0);
 }
@@ -846,7 +955,7 @@ static GumboNode* pop_current_node(GumboParser* parser) {
   GumboParserState* state = parser->_parser_state;
   maybe_flush_text_node_buffer(parser);
   if (state->_open_elements.length > 0) {
-    assert(node_tag_is(state->_open_elements.data[0], GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
+    assert(node_html_tag_is(state->_open_elements.data[0], GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
     gumbo_debug(
         "Popping %s node.\n",
         gumbo_normalized_tagname(get_current_node(parser)->v.element.tag));
@@ -856,12 +965,12 @@ static GumboNode* pop_current_node(GumboParser* parser) {
     assert(state->_open_elements.length == 0);
     return NULL;
   }
-  assert(current_node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
+  assert(current_node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT || current_node->type == GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE);
   bool is_closed_body_or_html_tag =
-      (node_tag_is(current_node, GUMBO_TAG_BODY) && state->_closed_body_tag) ||
-      (node_tag_is(current_node, GUMBO_TAG_HTML) && state->_closed_html_tag);
+      (node_html_tag_is(current_node, GUMBO_TAG_BODY) && state->_closed_body_tag) ||
+      (node_html_tag_is(current_node, GUMBO_TAG_HTML) && state->_closed_html_tag);
   if ((state->_current_token->type != GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG ||
-       !node_tag_is(current_node, state->_current_token->v.end_tag)) &&
+       !node_html_tag_is(current_node, state->_current_token->v.end_tag)) &&
        !is_closed_body_or_html_tag) {
     current_node->parse_flags |= GUMBO_INSERTION_IMPLICIT_END_TAG;
   }
@@ -885,25 +994,22 @@ static void append_comment_node(
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context
 static void clear_stack_to_table_row_context(GumboParser* parser) {
-  while (!node_tag_in(get_current_node(parser),
-                      GUMBO_TAG_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  while (!node_tag_in_set(get_current_node(parser), (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(HTML), TAG(TR), TAG(TEMPLATE)})) {
     pop_current_node(parser);
   }
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context
 static void clear_stack_to_table_context(GumboParser* parser) {
-  while (!node_tag_in(get_current_node(parser),
-                      GUMBO_TAG_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  while (!node_tag_in_set(get_current_node(parser), (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(HTML), TAG(TABLE), TAG(TEMPLATE) } )) {
     pop_current_node(parser);
   }
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context
 void clear_stack_to_table_body_context(GumboParser* parser) {
-  while (!node_tag_in(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-                      GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD,
-                      GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  while (!node_tag_in_set(get_current_node(parser), (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(HTML), TAG(TBODY),
+          TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TEMPLATE) })) {
     pop_current_node(parser);
   }
 }
@@ -918,7 +1024,8 @@ static GumboNode* create_element(GumboParser* parser, GumboTag tag) {
   element->tag_namespace = GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML;
   element->original_tag = kGumboEmptyString;
   element->original_end_tag = kGumboEmptyString;
-  element->start_pos = parser->_parser_state->_current_token->position;
+  element->start_pos = (parser->_parser_state->_current_token) ?
+    parser->_parser_state->_current_token->position : kGumboEmptySourcePosition;
   element->end_pos = kGumboEmptySourcePosition;
   return node;
 }
@@ -929,7 +1036,12 @@ static GumboNode* create_element_from_token(
   assert(token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG);
   GumboTokenStartTag* start_tag = &token->v.start_tag;
 
-  GumboNode* node = create_node(parser, GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
+  GumboNodeType type = (
+      tag_namespace == GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML &&
+      start_tag->tag == GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)
+        ? GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE : GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT;
+
+  GumboNode* node = create_node(parser, type);
   GumboElement* element = &node->v.element;
   gumbo_vector_init(parser, 1, &element->children);
   element->attributes = start_tag->attributes;
@@ -966,20 +1078,9 @@ static void insert_element(GumboParser* parser, GumboNode* node,
   if (!is_reconstructing_formatting_elements) {
     maybe_flush_text_node_buffer(parser);
   }
-  if (state->_foster_parent_insertions && node_tag_in(
-      get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY,
-      GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
-    foster_parent_element(parser, node);
-    gumbo_vector_add(parser, (void*) node, &state->_open_elements);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // This is called to insert the root HTML element, but get_current_node
-  // assumes the stack of open elements is non-empty, so we need special
-  // handling for this case.
-  append_node(
-      parser, parser->_output->root ?
-      get_current_node(parser) : parser->_output->document, node);
+  InsertionLocation location =
+    get_appropriate_insertion_location(parser, NULL);
+  insert_node(parser, node, location);
   gumbo_vector_add(parser, (void*) node, &state->_open_elements);
 }
 
@@ -1035,7 +1136,9 @@ static GumboNode* insert_foreign_element(
 
 static void insert_text_token(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   assert(token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_WHITESPACE ||
-         token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER);
+         token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER ||
+         token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_NULL ||
+         token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_CDATA);
   TextNodeBufferState* buffer_state = &parser->_parser_state->_text_node;
   if (buffer_state->_buffer.length == 0) {
     // Initialize position fields.
@@ -1046,6 +1149,8 @@ static void insert_text_token(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       parser, token->v.character, &buffer_state->_buffer);
   if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER) {
     buffer_state->_type = GUMBO_NODE_TEXT;
+  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_CDATA) {
+    buffer_state->_type = GUMBO_NODE_CDATA;
   }
   gumbo_debug("Inserting text token '%c'.\n", token->v.character);
 }
@@ -1073,7 +1178,7 @@ static bool find_last_anchor_index(GumboParser* parser, int* anchor_index) {
     if (node == &kActiveFormattingScopeMarker) {
       return false;
     }
-    if (node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_A)) {
+    if (node_html_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_A)) {
       *anchor_index = i;
       return true;
     }
@@ -1097,10 +1202,8 @@ static int count_formatting_elements_of_tag(
       break;
     }
     assert(node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
-    GumboElement* element = &node->v.element;
-    if (node_tag_is(node, desired_element->tag) &&
-        element->tag_namespace == desired_element->tag_namespace &&
-        all_attributes_match(&element->attributes,
+    if (node_qualified_tag_is(node, desired_element->tag_namespace, desired_element->tag) &&
+        all_attributes_match(&node->v.element.attributes,
                              &desired_element->attributes)) {
       num_identical_elements++;
       *earliest_matching_index = i;
@@ -1150,7 +1253,7 @@ static bool is_open_element(GumboParser* parser, const GumboNode* node) {
 // values are fresh copies.
 GumboNode* clone_node(
     GumboParser* parser, const GumboNode* node, GumboParseFlags reason) {
-  assert(node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
+  assert(node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT || node->type == GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE);
   GumboNode* new_node = gumbo_parser_allocate(parser, sizeof(GumboNode));
   *new_node = *node;
   new_node->parent = NULL;
@@ -1220,7 +1323,10 @@ static void reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(GumboParser* parser) {
     GumboNode* clone = clone_node(
         parser, element, GUMBO_INSERTION_RECONSTRUCTED_FORMATTING_ELEMENT);
     // Step 9.
-    insert_element(parser, clone, true);
+    InsertionLocation location = get_appropriate_insertion_location(parser, NULL);
+    insert_node(parser, clone, location);
+    gumbo_vector_add(parser, (void*) clone, &parser->_parser_state->_open_elements);
+
     // Step 10.
     elements->data[i] = clone;
     gumbo_debug("Reconstructed %s element at %d.\n",
@@ -1269,83 +1375,47 @@ static GumboQuirksModeEnum compute_quirks_mode(
 // The following functions are all defined by the "has an element in __ scope"
 // sections of the HTML5 spec:
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/parsing.html#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope
-// The basic idea behind them is that they check for an element of the given tag
-// name, contained within a scope formed by a set of other tag names.  For
-// example, "has an element in list scope" looks for an element of the given tag
-// within the nearest enclosing <ol> or <ul>, along with a bunch of generic
-// element types that serve to "firewall" their content from the rest of the
-// document.
-static bool has_an_element_in_specific_scope(
-    GumboParser* parser, GumboVector* /* GumboTag */ expected, bool negate, ...) {
+// The basic idea behind them is that they check for an element of the given
+// qualified name, contained within a scope formed by a set of other qualified
+// names.  For example, "has an element in list scope" looks for an element of
+// the given qualified name within the nearest enclosing <ol> or <ul>, along
+// with a bunch of generic element types that serve to "firewall" their content
+// from the rest of the document. Note that because of the way the spec is written,
+// all elements are expected to be in the HTML namespace
+static bool has_an_element_in_specific_scope(GumboParser* parser,
+    int expected_size, const GumboTag *expected, bool negate, const gumbo_tagset tags) {
   GumboVector* open_elements = &parser->_parser_state->_open_elements;
-  va_list args;
-  va_start(args, negate);
-  // va_arg can only run through the list once, so we copy it to an GumboVector
-  // here.  I wonder if it'd make more sense to make tags the GumboVector*
-  // parameter and 'expected' a vararg list, but that'd require changing a lot
-  // of code for unknown benefit.  We may want to change the representation of
-  // these tag sets anyway, to something more efficient.
-  GumboVector tags;
-  gumbo_vector_init(parser, 10, &tags);
-  for (GumboTag tag = va_arg(args, GumboTag); tag != GUMBO_TAG_LAST;
-       tag = va_arg(args, GumboTag)) {
-    // We store the tags inline instead of storing pointers to them.
-    gumbo_vector_add(parser, (void*) tag, &tags);
-  }
-  va_end(args);
-
-  bool result = false;
   for (int i = open_elements->length; --i >= 0; ) {
     const GumboNode* node = open_elements->data[i];
-    if (node->type != GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT) {
+    if (node->type != GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT && node->type != GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE)
       continue;
-    }
+
     GumboTag node_tag = node->v.element.tag;
-    for (int j = 0; j < expected->length; ++j) {
-      GumboTag expected_tag = (GumboTag) expected->data[j];
-      if (node_tag == expected_tag) {
-        result = true;
-        goto cleanup;
-      }
+    GumboNamespaceEnum node_ns = node->v.element.tag_namespace;
+    for (int j = 0; j < expected_size; ++j) {
+      if (node_tag == expected[j] && node_ns == GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML)
+        return true;
     }
 
-    bool found_tag = false;
-    for (int j = 0; j < tags.length; ++j) {
-      GumboTag tag = (GumboTag) tags.data[j];
-      if (tag == node_tag) {
-        found_tag = true;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (negate != found_tag) {
-      result = false;
-      goto cleanup;
-    }
+    bool found = TAGSET_INCLUDES(tags, node_ns, node_tag);
+    if (negate != found)
+      return false;
   }
-cleanup:
-  gumbo_vector_destroy(parser, &tags);
-  return result;
+  return false;
 }
 
-// This is a bit of a hack to stack-allocate a one-element GumboVector name
-// 'varname' containing the 'from_var' variable, since it's used in nearly all
-// the subsequent helper functions.  Note the use of void* and casts instead of
-// GumboTag; this is so the alignment requirements are the same as GumboVector
-// and the data inside it can be freely accessed as if it were a normal
-// GumboVector.
-#define DECLARE_ONE_ELEMENT_GUMBO_VECTOR(varname, from_var) \
-    void* varname ## _tmp_array[1] = { (void*) from_var }; \
-    GumboVector varname = { varname ## _tmp_array, 1, 1 }
+// Checks for the presence of an open element of the specified tag type.
+static bool has_open_element(GumboParser* parser, GumboTag tag) {
+  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(parser, 1, &tag, false, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(HTML) } );
+}
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/parsing.html#has-an-element-in-scope
 static bool has_an_element_in_scope(GumboParser* parser, GumboTag tag) {
-  DECLARE_ONE_ELEMENT_GUMBO_VECTOR(tags, tag);
-  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(
-      parser, &tags, false, GUMBO_TAG_APPLET, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-      GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
-      GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_MI, GUMBO_TAG_MO, GUMBO_TAG_MN, GUMBO_TAG_MS,
-      GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML, GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT,
-      GUMBO_TAG_DESC, GUMBO_TAG_TITLE, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(parser, 1, &tag, false, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(APPLET),
+        TAG(CAPTION), TAG(HTML), TAG(TABLE), TAG(TD), TAG(TH), TAG(MARQUEE),
+        TAG(OBJECT), TAG(TEMPLATE), TAG_MATHML(MI), TAG_MATHML(MO), TAG_MATHML(MN),
+        TAG_MATHML(MS), TAG_MATHML(MTEXT), TAG_MATHML(ANNOTATION_XML),
+        TAG_SVG(FOREIGNOBJECT), TAG_SVG(DESC), TAG_SVG(TITLE) });
 }
 
 // Like "has an element in scope", but for the specific case of looking for a
@@ -1361,16 +1431,14 @@ static bool has_node_in_scope(GumboParser* parser, const GumboNode* node) {
     if (current == node) {
       return true;
     }
-    if (current->type != GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT) {
+    if (current->type != GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT && current->type != GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE) {
       continue;
     }
-    if (node_tag_in(
-        current, GUMBO_TAG_APPLET, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-        GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
-        GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_MI, GUMBO_TAG_MO, GUMBO_TAG_MN,
-        GUMBO_TAG_MS, GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML,
-        GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_DESC, GUMBO_TAG_TITLE,
-        GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    if (node_tag_in_set(current, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(APPLET), TAG(CAPTION), TAG(HTML), 
+            TAG(TABLE), TAG(TD), TAG(TH), TAG(MARQUEE), TAG(OBJECT), TAG(TEMPLATE),
+            TAG_MATHML(MI), TAG_MATHML(MO), TAG_MATHML(MN), TAG_MATHML(MS),
+            TAG_MATHML(MTEXT), TAG_MATHML(ANNOTATION_XML), TAG_SVG(FOREIGNOBJECT),
+            TAG_SVG(DESC), TAG_SVG(TITLE) } )) {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -1378,78 +1446,66 @@ static bool has_node_in_scope(GumboParser* parser, const GumboNode* node) {
   return false;
 }
 
-// Like has_an_element_in_scope, but restricts the expected tag to a range of
-// possible tag names instead of just a single one.
-static bool has_an_element_in_scope_with_tagname(GumboParser* parser, ...) {
-  GumboVector tags;
-  // 6 = arbitrary initial size for vector, chosen because the major use-case
-  // for this method is heading tags, of which there are 6.
-  gumbo_vector_init(parser, 6, &tags);
-  va_list args;
-  va_start(args, parser);
-  for (GumboTag tag = va_arg(args, GumboTag); tag != GUMBO_TAG_LAST;
-       tag = va_arg(args, GumboTag)) {
-    gumbo_vector_add(parser, (void*) tag, &tags);
-  }
-  bool found = has_an_element_in_specific_scope(
-      parser, &tags, false, GUMBO_TAG_APPLET, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-      GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
-      GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_MI, GUMBO_TAG_MO, GUMBO_TAG_MN, GUMBO_TAG_MS,
-      GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML, GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT,
-      GUMBO_TAG_DESC, GUMBO_TAG_TITLE, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
-  gumbo_vector_destroy(parser, &tags);
-  va_end(args);
-  return found;
+// Like has_an_element_in_scope, but restricts the expected qualified name to a
+// range of possible qualified names instead of just a single one.
+static bool has_an_element_in_scope_with_tagname(GumboParser* parser, int expected_len, const GumboTag expected[]) {
+  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(parser, expected_len, expected, false, (gumbo_tagset) {
+      TAG(APPLET), TAG(CAPTION), TAG(HTML), TAG(TABLE), TAG(TD), TAG(TH), TAG(MARQUEE),
+      TAG(OBJECT), TAG(TEMPLATE), TAG_MATHML(MI), TAG_MATHML(MO), TAG_MATHML(MN),
+      TAG_MATHML(MS), TAG_MATHML(MTEXT), TAG_MATHML(ANNOTATION_XML),
+      TAG_SVG(FOREIGNOBJECT), TAG_SVG(DESC), TAG_SVG(TITLE) });
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/parsing.html#has-an-element-in-list-item-scope
 static bool has_an_element_in_list_scope(GumboParser* parser, GumboTag tag) {
-  DECLARE_ONE_ELEMENT_GUMBO_VECTOR(tags, tag);
-  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(
-      parser, &tags, false, GUMBO_TAG_APPLET, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-      GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
-      GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_MI, GUMBO_TAG_MO, GUMBO_TAG_MN, GUMBO_TAG_MS,
-      GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML, GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT,
-      GUMBO_TAG_DESC, GUMBO_TAG_TITLE, GUMBO_TAG_OL, GUMBO_TAG_UL,
-      GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(parser, 1, &tag, false, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(APPLET),
+        TAG(CAPTION), TAG(HTML), TAG(TABLE), TAG(TD), TAG(TH), TAG(MARQUEE),
+        TAG(OBJECT), TAG(TEMPLATE), TAG_MATHML(MI), TAG_MATHML(MO), TAG_MATHML(MN),
+        TAG_MATHML(MS), TAG_MATHML(MTEXT), TAG_MATHML(ANNOTATION_XML),
+        TAG_SVG(FOREIGNOBJECT), TAG_SVG(DESC), TAG_SVG(TITLE), TAG(OL),
+        TAG(UL) });
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/parsing.html#has-an-element-in-button-scope
 static bool has_an_element_in_button_scope(GumboParser* parser, GumboTag tag) {
-  DECLARE_ONE_ELEMENT_GUMBO_VECTOR(tags, tag);
-  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(
-      parser, &tags, false, GUMBO_TAG_APPLET, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-      GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
-      GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_MI, GUMBO_TAG_MO, GUMBO_TAG_MN, GUMBO_TAG_MS,
-      GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML, GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT,
-      GUMBO_TAG_DESC, GUMBO_TAG_TITLE, GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(parser, 1, &tag, false, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(APPLET),
+        TAG(CAPTION), TAG(HTML), TAG(TABLE), TAG(TD), TAG(TH), TAG(MARQUEE),
+        TAG(OBJECT), TAG(TEMPLATE), TAG_MATHML(MI), TAG_MATHML(MO), TAG_MATHML(MN),
+        TAG_MATHML(MS), TAG_MATHML(MTEXT), TAG_MATHML(ANNOTATION_XML),
+        TAG_SVG(FOREIGNOBJECT), TAG_SVG(DESC), TAG_SVG(TITLE), TAG(BUTTON) });
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/parsing.html#has-an-element-in-table-scope
 static bool has_an_element_in_table_scope(GumboParser* parser, GumboTag tag) {
-  DECLARE_ONE_ELEMENT_GUMBO_VECTOR(tags, tag);
-  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(
-      parser, &tags, false, GUMBO_TAG_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(parser, 1, &tag, false, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(HTML),
+        TAG(TABLE), TAG(TEMPLATE) });
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/parsing.html#has-an-element-in-select-scope
 static bool has_an_element_in_select_scope(GumboParser* parser, GumboTag tag) {
-  DECLARE_ONE_ELEMENT_GUMBO_VECTOR(tags, tag);
-  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(
-      parser, &tags, true, GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_OPTION,
-      GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+  return has_an_element_in_specific_scope(parser, 1, &tag, true, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(OPTGROUP), TAG(OPTION) });
 }
 
-
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#generate-implied-end-tags
 // "exception" is the "element to exclude from the process" listed in the spec.
 // Pass GUMBO_TAG_LAST to not exclude any of them.
 static void generate_implied_end_tags(GumboParser* parser, GumboTag exception) {
   for (;
-       node_tag_in(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_DD, GUMBO_TAG_DT,
-                   GUMBO_TAG_LI, GUMBO_TAG_OPTION, GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP,
-                   GUMBO_TAG_P, GUMBO_TAG_RP, GUMBO_TAG_RT, GUMBO_TAG_LAST) &&
-       !node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), exception);
+       node_tag_in_set(get_current_node(parser), (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(DD),
+         TAG(DT), TAG(LI), TAG(OPTION), TAG(OPTGROUP), TAG(P), TAG(RP), TAG(RB),
+         TAG(RT), TAG(RTC)  }) &&
+       !node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), exception);
+       pop_current_node(parser));
+}
+
+// This is the "generate all implied end tags thoroughly" clause of the spec.
+// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags
+static void generate_all_implied_end_tags_thoroughly(GumboParser* parser) {
+  for (;
+       node_tag_in_set(get_current_node(parser), (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(CAPTION),
+             TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(DD), TAG(DT), TAG(LI), TAG(OPTION), TAG(OPTGROUP),
+             TAG(P), TAG(RP), TAG(RT), TAG(RTC), TAG(TBODY), TAG(TD),
+             TAG(TFOOT), TAG(TH), TAG(HEAD), TAG(TR) });
        pop_current_node(parser));
 }
 
@@ -1463,7 +1519,7 @@ static bool close_table(GumboParser* parser) {
   }
 
   GumboNode* node = pop_current_node(parser);
-  while (!node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE)) {
+  while (!node_html_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE)) {
     node = pop_current_node(parser);
   }
   reset_insertion_mode_appropriately(parser);
@@ -1477,13 +1533,13 @@ static bool close_table_cell(GumboParser* parser, const GumboToken* token,
   bool result = true;
   generate_implied_end_tags(parser, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
   const GumboNode* node = get_current_node(parser);
-  if (!node_tag_is(node, cell_tag)) {
+  if (!node_html_tag_is(node, cell_tag)) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     result = false;
   }
   do {
     node = pop_current_node(parser);
-  } while (!node_tag_is(node, cell_tag));
+  } while (!node_html_tag_is(node, cell_tag));
 
   clear_active_formatting_elements(parser);
   set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_ROW);
@@ -1508,7 +1564,7 @@ static bool close_current_cell(GumboParser* parser, const GumboToken* token) {
 // resets the insertion mode appropriately.
 static void close_current_select(GumboParser* parser) {
   GumboNode* node = pop_current_node(parser);
-  while (!node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_SELECT)) {
+  while (!node_html_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_SELECT)) {
     node = pop_current_node(parser);
   }
   reset_insertion_mode_appropriately(parser);
@@ -1517,60 +1573,43 @@ static void close_current_select(GumboParser* parser) {
 // The list of nodes in the "special" category:
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/parsing.html#special
 static bool is_special_node(const GumboNode* node) {
-  assert(node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
-  switch (node->v.element.tag_namespace) {
-    case GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML:
-      return node_tag_in(node,
-           GUMBO_TAG_ADDRESS, GUMBO_TAG_APPLET, GUMBO_TAG_AREA,
-           GUMBO_TAG_ARTICLE, GUMBO_TAG_ASIDE, GUMBO_TAG_BASE,
-           GUMBO_TAG_BASEFONT, GUMBO_TAG_BGSOUND, GUMBO_TAG_BLOCKQUOTE,
-           GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_BR, GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION,
-           GUMBO_TAG_CENTER, GUMBO_TAG_COL, GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP,
-           GUMBO_TAG_MENUITEM, GUMBO_TAG_DD, GUMBO_TAG_DETAILS, GUMBO_TAG_DIR,
-           GUMBO_TAG_DIV, GUMBO_TAG_DL, GUMBO_TAG_DT, GUMBO_TAG_EMBED,
-           GUMBO_TAG_FIELDSET, GUMBO_TAG_FIGCAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_FIGURE,
-           GUMBO_TAG_FOOTER, GUMBO_TAG_FORM, GUMBO_TAG_FRAME,
-           GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET, GUMBO_TAG_H1, GUMBO_TAG_H2, GUMBO_TAG_H3,
-           GUMBO_TAG_H4, GUMBO_TAG_H5, GUMBO_TAG_H6, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD,
-           GUMBO_TAG_HEADER, GUMBO_TAG_HGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_HR, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-           GUMBO_TAG_IFRAME, GUMBO_TAG_IMG, GUMBO_TAG_INPUT, GUMBO_TAG_ISINDEX,
-           GUMBO_TAG_LI, GUMBO_TAG_LINK, GUMBO_TAG_LISTING, GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
-           GUMBO_TAG_MENU, GUMBO_TAG_META, GUMBO_TAG_NAV, GUMBO_TAG_NOEMBED,
-           GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES, GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT, GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT,
-           GUMBO_TAG_OL, GUMBO_TAG_P, GUMBO_TAG_PARAM, GUMBO_TAG_PLAINTEXT,
-           GUMBO_TAG_PRE, GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT, GUMBO_TAG_SECTION, GUMBO_TAG_SELECT,
-           GUMBO_TAG_STYLE, GUMBO_TAG_SUMMARY, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY,
-           GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TEXTAREA, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_TH,
-           GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TITLE, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_UL,
-           GUMBO_TAG_WBR, GUMBO_TAG_XMP, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
-    case GUMBO_NAMESPACE_MATHML:
-      return node_tag_in(node,
-          GUMBO_TAG_MI, GUMBO_TAG_MO, GUMBO_TAG_MN, GUMBO_TAG_MS,
-          GUMBO_TAG_MTEXT, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
-    case GUMBO_NAMESPACE_SVG:
-      return node_tag_in(node,
-          GUMBO_TAG_FOREIGNOBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_DESC, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
-  }
-  abort();
-  return false;  // Pacify compiler.
-}
-
-// Implicitly closes currently open tags until it reaches an element with the
-// specified tag name.  If the elements closed are in the set handled by
+  assert(node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT || node->type == GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE);
+  return node_tag_in_set(node, (gumbo_tagset)  { TAG(ADDRESS), TAG(APPLET), TAG(AREA),
+        TAG(ARTICLE), TAG(ASIDE), TAG(BASE), TAG(BASEFONT), TAG(BGSOUND), TAG(BLOCKQUOTE),
+        TAG(BODY), TAG(BR), TAG(BUTTON), TAG(CAPTION), TAG(CENTER), TAG(COL),
+        TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(MENUITEM), TAG(DD), TAG(DETAILS), TAG(DIR), TAG(DIV), TAG(DL),
+        TAG(DT), TAG(EMBED), TAG(FIELDSET), TAG(FIGCAPTION), TAG(FIGURE), TAG(FOOTER),
+        TAG(FORM), TAG(FRAME), TAG(FRAMESET), TAG(H1), TAG(H2), TAG(H3), TAG(H4),
+        TAG(H5), TAG(H6), TAG(HEAD), TAG(HEADER), TAG(HGROUP), TAG(HR), TAG(HTML),
+        TAG(IFRAME), TAG(IMG), TAG(INPUT), TAG(ISINDEX), TAG(LI), TAG(LINK),
+        TAG(LISTING), TAG(MARQUEE), TAG(MENU), TAG(META), TAG(NAV), TAG(NOEMBED),
+        TAG(NOFRAMES), TAG(NOSCRIPT), TAG(OBJECT), TAG(OL), TAG(P), TAG(PARAM),
+        TAG(PLAINTEXT), TAG(PRE), TAG(SCRIPT), TAG(SECTION), TAG(SELECT), TAG(STYLE),
+        TAG(SUMMARY), TAG(TABLE), TAG(TBODY), TAG(TD), TAG(TEMPLATE), TAG(TEXTAREA),
+        TAG(TFOOT), TAG(TH), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TITLE), TAG(TR), TAG(UL), TAG(WBR), TAG(XMP),
+
+        TAG_MATHML(MI), TAG_MATHML(MO), TAG_MATHML(MN), TAG_MATHML(MS),
+        TAG_MATHML(MTEXT), TAG_MATHML(ANNOTATION_XML),
+
+        TAG_SVG(FOREIGNOBJECT), TAG_SVG(DESC) });
+}
+
+// Implicitly closes currently open elements until it reaches an element with the
+// specified qualified name.  If the elements closed are in the set handled by
 // generate_implied_end_tags, this is normal operation and this function returns
 // true.  Otherwise, a parse error is recorded and this function returns false.
 static bool implicitly_close_tags(
-    GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token, GumboTag target) {
+    GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token, GumboNamespaceEnum target_ns,  GumboTag target) {
   bool result = true;
   generate_implied_end_tags(parser, target);
-  if (!node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), target)) {
+  if (!node_qualified_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), target_ns, target)) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-    while (!node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), target)) {
+    while (!node_qualified_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), target_ns, target)) {
       pop_current_node(parser);
     }
     result = false;
   }
-  assert(node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), target));
+  assert(node_qualified_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), target_ns, target));
   pop_current_node(parser);
   return result;
 }
@@ -1581,7 +1620,7 @@ static bool implicitly_close_tags(
 // clause appears several times in the spec.
 static bool maybe_implicitly_close_p_tag(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   if (has_an_element_in_button_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_P)) {
-    return implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_TAG_P);
+    return implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_P);
   }
   return true;
 }
@@ -1595,15 +1634,14 @@ static void maybe_implicitly_close_list_tag(
   for (int i = state->_open_elements.length; --i >= 0; ) {
     const GumboNode* node = state->_open_elements.data[i];
     bool is_list_tag = is_li ?
-        node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_LI) :
-        node_tag_in(node, GUMBO_TAG_DD, GUMBO_TAG_DT, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+        node_html_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_LI) :
+      node_tag_in_set(node, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(DD), TAG(DT) } );
     if (is_list_tag) {
-      implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, node->v.element.tag);
+      implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, node->v.element.tag_namespace, node->v.element.tag);
       return;
     }
     if (is_special_node(node) &&
-        !node_tag_in(node, GUMBO_TAG_ADDRESS, GUMBO_TAG_DIV, GUMBO_TAG_P,
-                     GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+        !node_tag_in_set(node, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(ADDRESS), TAG(DIV), TAG(P) })) {
       return;
     }
   }
@@ -1758,13 +1796,20 @@ static void remove_from_parent(GumboParser* parser, GumboNode* node) {
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-end.html#an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser
 // Also described in the "in body" handling for end formatting tags.
-static bool adoption_agency_algorithm(
-    GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token, GumboTag closing_tag) {
+static bool adoption_agency_algorithm(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token, GumboTag subject) {
   GumboParserState* state = parser->_parser_state;
   gumbo_debug("Entering adoption agency algorithm.\n");
-  // Steps 1-3 & 16:
+  // Step 1.
+  GumboNode* current_node = get_current_node(parser);
+  if (current_node->v.element.tag_namespace == GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML &&
+      current_node->v.element.tag == subject &&
+      gumbo_vector_index_of(&state->_active_formatting_elements, current_node) == -1) {
+    pop_current_node(parser);
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Steps 2-4 & 20:
   for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
-    // Step 4.
+    // Step 5.
     GumboNode* formatting_node = NULL;
     int formatting_node_in_open_elements = -1;
     for (int j = state->_active_formatting_elements.length; --j >= 0; ) {
@@ -1774,13 +1819,13 @@ static bool adoption_agency_algorithm(
         // Last scope marker; abort the algorithm.
         return false;
       }
-      if (node_tag_is(current_node, closing_tag)) {
+      if (node_html_tag_is(current_node, subject)) {
         // Found it.
         formatting_node = current_node;
         formatting_node_in_open_elements = gumbo_vector_index_of(
-            &state->_open_elements, formatting_node);
+                                                                 &state->_open_elements, formatting_node);
         gumbo_debug("Formatting element of tag %s at %d.\n",
-                    gumbo_normalized_tagname(closing_tag),
+                    gumbo_normalized_tagname(subject),
                     formatting_node_in_open_elements);
         break;
       }
@@ -1793,39 +1838,44 @@ static bool adoption_agency_algorithm(
       return false;
     }
 
+    // Step 6
     if (formatting_node_in_open_elements == -1) {
       gumbo_debug("Formatting node not on stack of open elements.\n");
+      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       gumbo_vector_remove(parser, formatting_node,
                           &state->_active_formatting_elements);
       return false;
     }
 
+    // Step 7
     if (!has_an_element_in_scope(parser, formatting_node->v.element.tag)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       gumbo_debug("Element not in scope.\n");
       return false;
     }
+
+    // Step 8
     if (formatting_node != get_current_node(parser)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);  // But continue onwards.
     }
     assert(formatting_node);
-    assert(!node_tag_is(formatting_node, GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
-    assert(!node_tag_is(formatting_node, GUMBO_TAG_BODY));
+    assert(!node_html_tag_is(formatting_node, GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
+    assert(!node_html_tag_is(formatting_node, GUMBO_TAG_BODY));
 
-    // Step 5 & 6.
+    // Step 9 & 10
     GumboNode* furthest_block = NULL;
     for (int j = formatting_node_in_open_elements;
          j < state->_open_elements.length; ++j) {
       assert(j > 0);
       GumboNode* current = state->_open_elements.data[j];
       if (is_special_node(current)) {
-        // Step 5.
+        // Step 9.
         furthest_block = current;
         break;
       }
     }
     if (!furthest_block) {
-      // Step 6.
+      // Step 10.
       while (get_current_node(parser) != formatting_node) {
         pop_current_node(parser);
       }
@@ -1835,35 +1885,38 @@ static bool adoption_agency_algorithm(
                           &state->_active_formatting_elements);
       return false;
     }
-    assert(!node_tag_is(furthest_block, GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
+    assert(!node_html_tag_is(furthest_block, GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
     assert(furthest_block);
 
-    // Step 7.
+    // Step 11.
     // Elements may be moved and reparented by this algorithm, so
     // common_ancestor is not necessarily the same as formatting_node->parent.
     GumboNode* common_ancestor =
-        state->_open_elements.data[gumbo_vector_index_of(
-            &state->_open_elements, formatting_node) - 1];
+      state->_open_elements.data[gumbo_vector_index_of(
+                                                       &state->_open_elements, formatting_node) - 1];
     gumbo_debug("Common ancestor tag = %s, furthest block tag = %s.\n",
                 gumbo_normalized_tagname(common_ancestor->v.element.tag),
                 gumbo_normalized_tagname(furthest_block->v.element.tag));
 
-    // Step 8.
+    // Step 12.
     int bookmark = gumbo_vector_index_of(
-        &state->_active_formatting_elements, formatting_node);;
-    // Step 9.
+                                         &state->_active_formatting_elements, formatting_node) + 1;
+    gumbo_debug("Bookmark at %d.\n", bookmark);
+    // Step 13.
     GumboNode* node = furthest_block;
     GumboNode* last_node = furthest_block;
     // Must be stored explicitly, in case node is removed from the stack of open
     // elements, to handle step 9.4.
     int saved_node_index = gumbo_vector_index_of(&state->_open_elements, node);
     assert(saved_node_index > 0);
-    // Step 9.1-9.3 & 9.11.
-    for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
-      // Step 9.4.
+    // Step 13.1.
+    for (int j = 0;;) {
+      // Step 13.2.
+      ++j;
+      // Step 13.3.
       int node_index = gumbo_vector_index_of(&state->_open_elements, node);
       gumbo_debug(
-          "Current index: %d, last index: %d.\n", node_index, saved_node_index);
+                  "Current index: %d, last index: %d.\n", node_index, saved_node_index);
       if (node_index == -1) {
         node_index = saved_node_index;
       }
@@ -1872,62 +1925,78 @@ static bool adoption_agency_algorithm(
       assert(node_index < state->_open_elements.capacity);
       node = state->_open_elements.data[node_index];
       assert(node->parent);
-      // Step 9.5.
-      if (gumbo_vector_index_of(
-          &state->_active_formatting_elements, node) == -1) {
+      if (node == formatting_node) {
+        // Step 13.4.
+        break;
+      }
+      int formatting_index =
+        gumbo_vector_index_of(&state->_active_formatting_elements, node);
+      if (j > 3 && formatting_index != -1) {
+        // Step 13.5.
+        gumbo_debug(
+                    "Removing formatting element at %d.\n", formatting_index);
+        gumbo_vector_remove_at(
+                               parser,
+                               formatting_index,
+                               &state->_active_formatting_elements);
+        // Removing the element shifts all indices over by one, so we may need
+        // to move the bookmark.
+        if (formatting_index < bookmark) {
+          --bookmark;
+          gumbo_debug("Moving bookmark to %d.\n", bookmark);
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (formatting_index == -1) {
+        // Step 13.6.
         gumbo_vector_remove_at(parser, node_index, &state->_open_elements);
         continue;
-      } else if (node == formatting_node) {
-        // Step 9.6.
-        break;
       }
-      // Step 9.7.
-      int formatting_index = gumbo_vector_index_of(
-          &state->_active_formatting_elements, node);
+      // Step 13.7.
+      // "common ancestor as the intended parent" doesn't actually mean insert
+      // it into the common ancestor; that happens below.
       node = clone_node(parser, node, GUMBO_INSERTION_ADOPTION_AGENCY_CLONED);
+      assert(formatting_index >= 0);
       state->_active_formatting_elements.data[formatting_index] = node;
+      assert(node_index >= 0);
       state->_open_elements.data[node_index] = node;
-      // Step 9.8.
+      // Step 13.8.
       if (last_node == furthest_block) {
         bookmark = formatting_index + 1;
+        gumbo_debug("Bookmark moved to %d.\n", bookmark);
         assert(bookmark <= state->_active_formatting_elements.length);
       }
-      // Step 9.9.
+      // Step 13.9.
       last_node->parse_flags |= GUMBO_INSERTION_ADOPTION_AGENCY_MOVED;
       remove_from_parent(parser, last_node);
       append_node(parser, node, last_node);
-      // Step 9.10.
+      // Step 13.10.
       last_node = node;
-    }
+    } // Step 13.11.
 
-    // Step 10.
+    // Step 14.
     gumbo_debug("Removing %s node from parent ",
                 gumbo_normalized_tagname(last_node->v.element.tag));
     remove_from_parent(parser, last_node);
     last_node->parse_flags |= GUMBO_INSERTION_ADOPTION_AGENCY_MOVED;
-    if (node_tag_in(common_ancestor, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TR,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
-      gumbo_debug("and foster-parenting it.\n");
-      foster_parent_element(parser, last_node);
-    } else {
-      gumbo_debug("and inserting it into %s.\n",
-                  gumbo_normalized_tagname(common_ancestor->v.element.tag));
-      append_node(parser, common_ancestor, last_node);
-    }
+    InsertionLocation location =
+      get_appropriate_insertion_location(parser, common_ancestor);
+    gumbo_debug("and inserting it into %s.\n",
+                gumbo_normalized_tagname(location.target->v.element.tag));
+    insert_node(parser, last_node, location);
 
-    // Step 11.
+    // Step 15.
     GumboNode* new_formatting_node = clone_node(
-        parser, formatting_node, GUMBO_INSERTION_ADOPTION_AGENCY_CLONED);
+                                                parser, formatting_node, GUMBO_INSERTION_ADOPTION_AGENCY_CLONED);
     formatting_node->parse_flags |= GUMBO_INSERTION_IMPLICIT_END_TAG;
 
-    // Step 12.  Instead of appending nodes one-by-one, we swap the children
+    // Step 16.  Instead of appending nodes one-by-one, we swap the children
     // vector of furthest_block with the empty children of new_formatting_node,
     // reducing memory traffic and allocations.  We still have to reset their
     // parent pointers, though.
     GumboVector temp = new_formatting_node->v.element.children;
     new_formatting_node->v.element.children =
-        furthest_block->v.element.children;
+      furthest_block->v.element.children;
     furthest_block->v.element.children = temp;
 
     temp = new_formatting_node->v.element.children;
@@ -1936,36 +2005,39 @@ static bool adoption_agency_algorithm(
       child->parent = new_formatting_node;
     }
 
-    // Step 13.
+    // Step 17.
     append_node(parser, furthest_block, new_formatting_node);
 
-    // Step 14.
+    // Step 18.
     // If the formatting node was before the bookmark, it may shift over all
     // indices after it, so we need to explicitly find the index and possibly
     // adjust the bookmark.
     int formatting_node_index = gumbo_vector_index_of(
-        &state->_active_formatting_elements, formatting_node);
+                                                      &state->_active_formatting_elements, formatting_node);
     assert(formatting_node_index != -1);
     if (formatting_node_index < bookmark) {
+      gumbo_debug(
+                  "Formatting node at %d is before bookmark at %d; decrementing.\n",
+                  formatting_node_index, bookmark);
       --bookmark;
     }
     gumbo_vector_remove_at(
-        parser, formatting_node_index, &state->_active_formatting_elements);
+                           parser, formatting_node_index, &state->_active_formatting_elements);
     assert(bookmark >= 0);
     assert(bookmark <= state->_active_formatting_elements.length);
     gumbo_vector_insert_at(parser, new_formatting_node, bookmark,
                            &state->_active_formatting_elements);
 
-    // Step 15.
+    // Step 19.
     gumbo_vector_remove(
-        parser, formatting_node, &state->_open_elements);
+                        parser, formatting_node, &state->_open_elements);
     int insert_at = gumbo_vector_index_of(
-        &state->_open_elements, furthest_block) + 1;
+                                          &state->_open_elements, furthest_block) + 1;
     assert(insert_at >= 0);
     assert(insert_at <= state->_open_elements.length);
     gumbo_vector_insert_at(
-        parser, new_formatting_node, insert_at, &state->_open_elements);
-  }
+                           parser, new_formatting_node, insert_at, &state->_open_elements);
+  } // Step 20.
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -1992,8 +2064,8 @@ static void finish_parsing(GumboParser* parser) {
   GumboParserState* state = parser->_parser_state;
   for (GumboNode* node = pop_current_node(parser); node;
        node = pop_current_node(parser)) {
-    if ((node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_BODY) && state->_closed_body_tag) ||
-        (node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_HTML) && state->_closed_html_tag)) {
+    if ((node_html_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_BODY) && state->_closed_body_tag) ||
+        (node_html_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_HTML) && state->_closed_html_tag)) {
       continue;
     }
     node->parse_flags |= GUMBO_INSERTION_IMPLICIT_END_TAG;
@@ -2042,9 +2114,9 @@ static bool handle_before_html(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     parser->_output->root = html_node;
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_BEFORE_HEAD);
     return true;
-  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG && !tag_in(
-      token, false, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-      GUMBO_TAG_BR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG && 
+             !tag_in(token, false, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(HEAD), TAG(BODY), TAG(HTML),
+                   TAG(BR) } )) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
@@ -2076,9 +2148,9 @@ static bool handle_before_head(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_HEAD);
     parser->_parser_state->_head_element = node;
     return true;
-  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG && !tag_in(
-      token, false, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-      GUMBO_TAG_BR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG && 
+             !tag_in(token, false, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(HEAD), TAG(BODY), TAG(HTML),
+                   TAG(BR) })) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
@@ -2110,9 +2182,8 @@ static bool handle_in_head(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     return true;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
     return handle_in_body(parser, token);
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_BASE, GUMBO_TAG_BASEFONT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_BGSOUND, GUMBO_TAG_MENUITEM, GUMBO_TAG_LINK,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BASE), TAG(BASEFONT),
+          TAG(BGSOUND), TAG(MENUITEM), TAG(LINK) })) {
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     pop_current_node(parser);
     acknowledge_self_closing_tag(parser);
@@ -2129,8 +2200,7 @@ static bool handle_in_head(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TITLE)) {
     run_generic_parsing_algorithm(parser, token, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES, GUMBO_TAG_STYLE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(NOFRAMES), TAG(STYLE) })) {
     run_generic_parsing_algorithm(parser, token, GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT);
     return true;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT)) {
@@ -2143,32 +2213,48 @@ static bool handle_in_head(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD)) {
     GumboNode* head = pop_current_node(parser);
     AVOID_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNING(head);
-    assert(node_tag_is(head, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD));
+    assert(node_html_tag_is(head, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD));
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_AFTER_HEAD);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD)) {
-    parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-    ignore_token(parser);
-    return false;
-  } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD) ||
-             (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG &&
-              !tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-                      GUMBO_TAG_BR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST))) {
-    parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-    return false;
-  } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_UNKNOWN) && token->v.start_tag.is_self_closing) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BODY), TAG(HTML), TAG(BR) })) {
+    pop_current_node(parser);
+    set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_AFTER_HEAD);
+    parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+    return true;
+  } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+    insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
+    add_formatting_element(parser, &kActiveFormattingScopeMarker);
+    parser->_parser_state->_frameset_ok = false;
+    set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TEMPLATE);
+    push_template_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TEMPLATE);
+    return true;
+  } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+    if (!has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
+    }
+    generate_all_implied_end_tags_thoroughly(parser);
+    bool success = true;
+    if (!node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      success = false;
+    }
+    while (!node_html_tag_is(pop_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE));
+    clear_active_formatting_elements(parser);
+    pop_template_insertion_mode(parser);
+    reset_insertion_mode_appropriately(parser);
+    return success;
+  } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD) || (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG)) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
   } else {
-    const GumboNode* node = pop_current_node(parser);
-    assert(node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD));
-    AVOID_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNING(node);
+    pop_current_node(parser);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_AFTER_HEAD);
     parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
     return true;
   }
-
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -2181,18 +2267,16 @@ static bool handle_in_head_noscript(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     return handle_in_body(parser, token);
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT)) {
     const GumboNode* node = pop_current_node(parser);
-    assert(node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT));
+    assert(node_html_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT));
     AVOID_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNING(node);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_HEAD);
     return true;
   } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_WHITESPACE ||
              token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_COMMENT ||
-             tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_BASEFONT, GUMBO_TAG_BGSOUND,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LINK, GUMBO_TAG_META, GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_STYLE, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
-    return handle_in_head(parser, token);
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD, GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST) ||
+             tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BASEFONT), TAG(BGSOUND),
+                   TAG(LINK), TAG(META), TAG(NOFRAMES), TAG(STYLE) })) {
+                 return handle_in_head(parser, token);
+} else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(HEAD), TAG(NOSCRIPT) }) ||
             (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG &&
              !tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_BR))) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
@@ -2201,7 +2285,7 @@ static bool handle_in_head_noscript(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   } else {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     const GumboNode* node = pop_current_node(parser);
-    assert(node_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT));
+    assert(node_html_tag_is(node, GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT));
     AVOID_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNING(node);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_HEAD);
     parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
@@ -2233,10 +2317,10 @@ static bool handle_after_head(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_FRAMESET);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_BASE, GUMBO_TAG_BASEFONT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_BGSOUND, GUMBO_TAG_LINK, GUMBO_TAG_META,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES, GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT, GUMBO_TAG_STYLE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TITLE, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BASE), TAG(BASEFONT),
+          TAG(BGSOUND), TAG(LINK), TAG(META),
+          TAG(NOFRAMES), TAG(SCRIPT), TAG(STYLE),
+          TAG(TEMPLATE), TAG(TITLE) })) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     assert(state->_head_element != NULL);
     // This must be flushed before we push the head element on, as there may be
@@ -2246,10 +2330,11 @@ static bool handle_after_head(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     bool result = handle_in_head(parser, token);
     gumbo_vector_remove(parser, state->_head_element, &state->_open_elements);
     return result;
+  } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+    return handle_in_head(parser, token);
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD) ||
             (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG &&
-             !tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-                     GUMBO_TAG_BR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST))) {
+             !tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BODY), TAG(HTML), TAG(BR) }))) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
@@ -2261,28 +2346,23 @@ static bool handle_after_head(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   }
 }
 
-static void destroy_node(GumboParser* parser, GumboNode* node) {
+static GumboNode* destroy_node(GumboParser* parser, GumboNode* node) {
   switch (node->type) {
     case GUMBO_NODE_DOCUMENT:
       {
         GumboDocument* doc = &node->v.document;
-        for (int i = 0; i < doc->children.length; ++i) {
-          destroy_node(parser, doc->children.data[i]);
-        }
         gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) doc->children.data);
         gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) doc->name);
         gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) doc->public_identifier);
         gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) doc->system_identifier);
       }
       break;
+    case GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE:
     case GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT:
       for (int i = 0; i < node->v.element.attributes.length; ++i) {
         gumbo_destroy_attribute(parser, node->v.element.attributes.data[i]);
       }
       gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, node->v.element.attributes.data);
-      for (int i = 0; i < node->v.element.children.length; ++i) {
-        destroy_node(parser, node->v.element.children.data[i]);
-      }
       gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, node->v.element.children.data);
       break;
     case GUMBO_NODE_TEXT:
@@ -2292,7 +2372,21 @@ static void destroy_node(GumboParser* parser, GumboNode* node) {
       gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) node->v.text.text);
       break;
   }
+  // Remove from the next/prev linked list.
+  GumboNode* prev = node->prev;
+  GumboNode* next = node->next;
+  if (prev != NULL) {
+    prev->next = next;
+  }
+  if (next != NULL) {
+    next->prev = prev;
+  }
+  if (parser->_parser_state && parser->_parser_state->_current_node == node) {
+    parser->_parser_state->_current_node = prev;
+  }
+
   gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, node);
+  return next;
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#parsing-main-inbody
@@ -2307,7 +2401,8 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(parser);
     insert_text_token(parser, token);
     return true;
-  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER) {
+  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER ||
+             token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_CDATA) {
     reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(parser);
     insert_text_token(parser, token);
     set_frameset_not_ok(parser);
@@ -2320,20 +2415,24 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
+    parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+    if (has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
+    }
     assert(parser->_output->root != NULL);
     assert(parser->_output->root->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
-    parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     merge_attributes(parser, token, parser->_output->root);
     return false;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_BASE, GUMBO_TAG_BASEFONT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_BGSOUND, GUMBO_TAG_MENUITEM, GUMBO_TAG_LINK,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_META, GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES, GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_STYLE, GUMBO_TAG_TITLE, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BASE), TAG(BASEFONT),
+          TAG(BGSOUND), TAG(MENUITEM), TAG(LINK),
+          TAG(META), TAG(NOFRAMES), TAG(SCRIPT),
+          TAG(STYLE), TAG(TEMPLATE), TAG(TITLE) } ) || tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
     return handle_in_head(parser, token);
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_BODY)) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     if (state->_open_elements.length < 2 ||
-        !node_tag_is(state->_open_elements.data[1], GUMBO_TAG_BODY)) {
+        !node_html_tag_is(state->_open_elements.data[1], GUMBO_TAG_BODY) || has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
@@ -2343,7 +2442,7 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET)) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     if (state->_open_elements.length < 2 ||
-        !node_tag_is(state->_open_elements.data[1], GUMBO_TAG_BODY) ||
+        !node_html_tag_is(state->_open_elements.data[1], GUMBO_TAG_BODY) ||
         !state->_frameset_ok) {
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
@@ -2381,18 +2480,17 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     return true;
   } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_EOF) {
     for (int i = 0; i < state->_open_elements.length; ++i) {
-      if (!node_tag_in(state->_open_elements.data[i], GUMBO_TAG_DD,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_DT, GUMBO_TAG_LI, GUMBO_TAG_P, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_TH,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_BODY,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+      if (!node_tag_in_set(state->_open_elements.data[i], (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(DD),
+              TAG(DT), TAG(LI), TAG(P), TAG(TBODY), TAG(TD), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(TH),
+              TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR), TAG(BODY), TAG(HTML) } )) {
         parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-        return false;
       }
     }
+    if (get_current_template_insertion_mode(parser) != GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_INITIAL) {
+      return handle_in_template(parser, token);
+    }
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BODY), TAG(HTML) })) {
     if (!has_an_element_in_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_BODY)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
@@ -2400,13 +2498,11 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     }
     bool success = true;
     for (int i = 0; i < state->_open_elements.length; ++i) {
-      if (!node_tag_in(state->_open_elements.data[i], GUMBO_TAG_DD,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_DT, GUMBO_TAG_LI, GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_OPTION, GUMBO_TAG_P, GUMBO_TAG_RP,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_RT, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TD,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-                       GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+      if (!node_tag_in_set(state->_open_elements.data[i], (gumbo_tagset) {
+            TAG(DD), TAG(DT), TAG(LI), TAG(OPTGROUP), TAG(OPTION), TAG(P),
+            TAG(RB), TAG(RP), TAG(RT), TAG(RTC), TAG(TBODY), TAG(TD),
+            TAG(TFOOT), TAG(TH), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR),
+            TAG(BODY), TAG(HTML) })) {
         parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
         success = false;
         break;
@@ -2417,58 +2513,54 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
     } else {
       GumboNode* body = state->_open_elements.data[1];
-      assert(node_tag_is(body, GUMBO_TAG_BODY));
+      assert(node_html_tag_is(body, GUMBO_TAG_BODY));
       record_end_of_element(state->_current_token, &body->v.element);
     }
     return success;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_ADDRESS, GUMBO_TAG_ARTICLE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_ASIDE, GUMBO_TAG_BLOCKQUOTE, GUMBO_TAG_CENTER,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_DETAILS, GUMBO_TAG_DIR, GUMBO_TAG_DIV,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_DL, GUMBO_TAG_FIELDSET, GUMBO_TAG_FIGCAPTION,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_FIGURE, GUMBO_TAG_FOOTER, GUMBO_TAG_HEADER,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_HGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_MENU, GUMBO_TAG_NAV,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_OL, GUMBO_TAG_P, GUMBO_TAG_SECTION,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_SUMMARY, GUMBO_TAG_UL, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(ADDRESS), TAG(ARTICLE),
+          TAG(ASIDE), TAG(BLOCKQUOTE), TAG(CENTER), TAG(DETAILS), 
+          TAG(DIR), TAG(DIV), TAG(DL), TAG(FIELDSET), TAG(FIGCAPTION),
+          TAG(FIGURE), TAG(FOOTER), TAG(HEADER), TAG(HGROUP), TAG(MENU), TAG(MAIN),
+          TAG(NAV), TAG(OL), TAG(P), TAG(SECTION), TAG(SUMMARY), TAG(UL) })) {
     bool result = maybe_implicitly_close_p_tag(parser, token);
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     return result;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_H1, GUMBO_TAG_H2, GUMBO_TAG_H3,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_H4, GUMBO_TAG_H5, GUMBO_TAG_H6, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(H1), TAG(H2), TAG(H3),
+          TAG(H4), TAG(H5), TAG(H6) })) {
     bool result = maybe_implicitly_close_p_tag(parser, token);
-    if (node_tag_in(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_H1, GUMBO_TAG_H2,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_H3, GUMBO_TAG_H4, GUMBO_TAG_H5, GUMBO_TAG_H6,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    if (node_tag_in_set(get_current_node(parser), (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(H1), TAG(H2),
+                         TAG(H3), TAG(H4), TAG(H5), TAG(H6) })) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       pop_current_node(parser);
       result = false;
     }
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     return result;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_PRE, GUMBO_TAG_LISTING,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+} else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(PRE), TAG(LISTING) })) {
     bool result = maybe_implicitly_close_p_tag(parser, token);
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     state->_ignore_next_linefeed = true;
     state->_frameset_ok = false;
     return result;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_FORM)) {
-    if (state->_form_element != NULL) {
+    if (state->_form_element != NULL  && !has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
       gumbo_debug("Ignoring nested form.\n");
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
     bool result = maybe_implicitly_close_p_tag(parser, token);
-    state->_form_element =
-        insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
+    GumboNode* form_element = insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
+    if (!has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+      state->_form_element = form_element;
+    }
     return result;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_LI)) {
     maybe_implicitly_close_list_tag(parser, token, true);
     bool result = maybe_implicitly_close_p_tag(parser, token);
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     return result;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_DD, GUMBO_TAG_DT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+ } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(DD), TAG(DT) })) {
     maybe_implicitly_close_list_tag(parser, token, false);
     bool result = maybe_implicitly_close_p_tag(parser, token);
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
@@ -2481,7 +2573,7 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON)) {
     if (has_an_element_in_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-      implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON);
+      implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON);
       state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
       return false;
     }
@@ -2489,67 +2581,78 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     state->_frameset_ok = false;
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_ADDRESS, GUMBO_TAG_ARTICLE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_ASIDE, GUMBO_TAG_BLOCKQUOTE, GUMBO_TAG_BUTTON,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_CENTER, GUMBO_TAG_DETAILS, GUMBO_TAG_DIR,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_DIV, GUMBO_TAG_DL, GUMBO_TAG_FIELDSET,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_FIGCAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_FIGURE, GUMBO_TAG_FOOTER,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_HEADER, GUMBO_TAG_HGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_LISTING,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_MENU, GUMBO_TAG_NAV, GUMBO_TAG_OL, GUMBO_TAG_PRE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_SECTION, GUMBO_TAG_SUMMARY, GUMBO_TAG_UL,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+ } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(ADDRESS), TAG(ARTICLE),
+         TAG(ASIDE), TAG(BLOCKQUOTE), TAG(BUTTON), TAG(CENTER), TAG(DETAILS), 
+         TAG(DIR), TAG(DIV), TAG(DL), TAG(FIELDSET), TAG(FIGCAPTION), 
+         TAG(FIGURE), TAG(FOOTER), TAG(HEADER), TAG(HGROUP), TAG(LISTING),
+         TAG(MAIN), TAG(MENU), TAG(NAV), TAG(OL), TAG(PRE),
+         TAG(SECTION), TAG(SUMMARY), TAG(UL) })) {
     GumboTag tag = token->v.end_tag;
     if (!has_an_element_in_scope(parser, tag)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
-    implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, token->v.end_tag);
+    implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML, token->v.end_tag);
     return true;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_FORM)) {
-    bool result = true;
-    const GumboNode* node = state->_form_element;
-    assert(!node || node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
-    state->_form_element = NULL;
-    if (!node || !has_node_in_scope(parser, node)) {
-      gumbo_debug("Closing an unopened form.\n");
-      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-      ignore_token(parser);
-      return false;
-    }
-    // This differs from implicitly_close_tags because we remove *only* the
-    // <form> element; other nodes are left in scope.
-    generate_implied_end_tags(parser, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
-    if (get_current_node(parser) != node) {
-      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-      result = false;
-    }
+    if (has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+      if (!has_an_element_in_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_FORM)) {
+        parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+        ignore_token(parser);
+        return false;
+      }
+      bool success = true;
+      generate_implied_end_tags(parser, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+      if (!node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_FORM)) {
+        parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+        return false;
+      }
+      while(!node_html_tag_is(pop_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_FORM));
+      return success;
+    } else {
+      bool result = true;
+      const GumboNode* node = state->_form_element;
+      assert(!node || node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
+      state->_form_element = NULL;
+      if (!node || !has_node_in_scope(parser, node)) {
+        gumbo_debug("Closing an unopened form.\n");
+        parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+        ignore_token(parser);
+        return false;
+      }
+      // This differs from implicitly_close_tags because we remove *only* the
+      // <form> element; other nodes are left in scope.
+      generate_implied_end_tags(parser, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+      if (get_current_node(parser) != node) {
+        parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+        result = false;
+      }
 
-    GumboVector* open_elements = &state->_open_elements;
-    int index = open_elements->length - 1;
-    for (; index >= 0 && open_elements->data[index] != node; --index);
-    assert(index >= 0);
-    gumbo_vector_remove_at(parser, index, open_elements);
-    return result;
+      GumboVector* open_elements = &state->_open_elements;
+      int index = gumbo_vector_index_of(open_elements, node);
+      assert(index >= 0);
+      gumbo_vector_remove_at(parser, index, open_elements);
+      return result;
+    }
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_P)) {
     if (!has_an_element_in_button_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_P)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-      reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(parser);
+      // reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(parser);
       insert_element_of_tag_type(
           parser, GUMBO_TAG_P, GUMBO_INSERTION_CONVERTED_FROM_END_TAG);
       state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
       return false;
     }
-    return implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_TAG_P);
+    return implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_P);
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_LI)) {
     if (!has_an_element_in_list_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_LI)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
-    return implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_TAG_LI);
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_DD, GUMBO_TAG_DT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    return implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_LI);
+ } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(DD), TAG(DT) })) {
     assert(token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG);
     GumboTag token_tag = token->v.end_tag;
     if (!has_an_element_in_scope(parser, token_tag)) {
@@ -2557,12 +2660,12 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
-    return implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, token_tag);
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_H1, GUMBO_TAG_H2, GUMBO_TAG_H3,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_H4, GUMBO_TAG_H5, GUMBO_TAG_H6, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
-    if (!has_an_element_in_scope_with_tagname(
-            parser, GUMBO_TAG_H1, GUMBO_TAG_H2, GUMBO_TAG_H3, GUMBO_TAG_H4,
-            GUMBO_TAG_H5, GUMBO_TAG_H6, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    return implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML, token_tag);
+ } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) {
+       TAG(H1), TAG(H2), TAG(H3), TAG(H4), TAG(H5), TAG(H6) })) {
+    if (!has_an_element_in_scope_with_tagname(parser, 6, (GumboTag[]) {
+          GUMBO_TAG_H1, GUMBO_TAG_H2, GUMBO_TAG_H3,
+          GUMBO_TAG_H4, GUMBO_TAG_H5, GUMBO_TAG_H6})) {
       // No heading open; ignore the token entirely.
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
@@ -2570,7 +2673,7 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     } else {
       generate_implied_end_tags(parser, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
       const GumboNode* current_node = get_current_node(parser);
-      bool success = node_tag_is(current_node, token->v.end_tag);
+      bool success = node_html_tag_is(current_node, token->v.end_tag);
       if (!success) {
         // There're children of the heading currently open; close them below and
         // record a parse error.
@@ -2580,9 +2683,8 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       }
       do {
         current_node = pop_current_node(parser);
-      } while (!node_tag_in(current_node, GUMBO_TAG_H1, GUMBO_TAG_H2,
-                            GUMBO_TAG_H3, GUMBO_TAG_H4, GUMBO_TAG_H5,
-                            GUMBO_TAG_H6, GUMBO_TAG_LAST));
+      } while (!node_tag_in_set(current_node, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(H1), TAG(H2),
+              TAG(H3), TAG(H4), TAG(H5), TAG(H6) } ));
       return success;
     }
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_A)) {
@@ -2608,11 +2710,10 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(parser);
     add_formatting_element(parser, insert_element_from_token(parser, token));
     return success;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_B, GUMBO_TAG_BIG,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_CODE, GUMBO_TAG_EM, GUMBO_TAG_FONT, GUMBO_TAG_I,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_S, GUMBO_TAG_SMALL, GUMBO_TAG_STRIKE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_STRONG, GUMBO_TAG_TT, GUMBO_TAG_U,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+ } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(B), TAG(BIG),
+         TAG(CODE), TAG(EM), TAG(FONT), TAG(I),
+         TAG(S), TAG(SMALL), TAG(STRIKE),
+         TAG(STRONG), TAG(TT), TAG(U) })) {
     reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(parser);
     add_formatting_element(parser, insert_element_from_token(parser, token));
     return true;
@@ -2628,28 +2729,27 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     add_formatting_element(parser, get_current_node(parser));
     return result;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_A, GUMBO_TAG_B, GUMBO_TAG_BIG,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_CODE, GUMBO_TAG_EM, GUMBO_TAG_FONT, GUMBO_TAG_I,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_NOBR, GUMBO_TAG_S, GUMBO_TAG_SMALL,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_STRIKE, GUMBO_TAG_STRONG, GUMBO_TAG_TT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_U, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(A), TAG(B), TAG(BIG),
+            TAG(CODE), TAG(EM), TAG(FONT), TAG(I),
+            TAG(NOBR), TAG(S), TAG(SMALL),
+            TAG(STRIKE), TAG(STRONG), TAG(TT), TAG(U) })) {
     return adoption_agency_algorithm(parser, token, token->v.end_tag);
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_APPLET, GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(APPLET), TAG(MARQUEE),
+            TAG(OBJECT) })) {
     reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(parser);
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     add_formatting_element(parser, &kActiveFormattingScopeMarker);
     set_frameset_not_ok(parser);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_APPLET, GUMBO_TAG_MARQUEE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_OBJECT, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(APPLET), TAG(MARQUEE),
+            TAG(OBJECT) })) {
     GumboTag token_tag = token->v.end_tag;
     if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, token_tag)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
-    implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, token_tag);
+    implicitly_close_tags(parser, token, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML, token_tag);
     clear_active_formatting_elements(parser);
     return true;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE)) {
@@ -2661,9 +2761,8 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     set_frameset_not_ok(parser);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_AREA, GUMBO_TAG_BR,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_EMBED, GUMBO_TAG_IMG, GUMBO_TAG_IMAGE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_KEYGEN, GUMBO_TAG_WBR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(AREA), TAG(BR),
+            TAG(EMBED), TAG(IMG), TAG(IMAGE), TAG(KEYGEN), TAG(WBR) })) {
     bool success = true;
     if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_IMAGE)) {
       success = false;
@@ -2693,8 +2792,7 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     pop_current_node(parser);
     acknowledge_self_closing_tag(parser);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_PARAM, GUMBO_TAG_SOURCE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TRACK, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(PARAM), TAG(SOURCE), TAG(TRACK) })) {
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     pop_current_node(parser);
     acknowledge_self_closing_tag(parser);
@@ -2708,7 +2806,8 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     return result;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_ISINDEX)) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-    if (parser->_parser_state->_form_element != NULL) {
+    if (parser->_parser_state->_form_element != NULL &&
+        !has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
@@ -2723,6 +2822,9 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
 
     GumboNode* form = insert_element_of_tag_type(
         parser, GUMBO_TAG_FORM, GUMBO_INSERTION_FROM_ISINDEX);
+    if (!has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+      parser->_parser_state->_form_element = form;
+    }
     if (action_attr) {
       gumbo_vector_add(parser, action_attr, &form->v.element.attributes);
     }
@@ -2786,6 +2888,9 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
         parser, GUMBO_TAG_HR, GUMBO_INSERTION_FROM_ISINDEX);
     pop_current_node(parser);   // <hr>
     pop_current_node(parser);   // <form>
+    if (!has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+      parser->_parser_state->_form_element = NULL;
+    }
     return false;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEXTAREA)) {
     run_generic_parsing_algorithm(parser, token, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA);
@@ -2820,21 +2925,24 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_SELECT);
     }
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_OPTION, GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
-    if (node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
+    } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(OPTION), TAG(OPTGROUP) })) {
+    if (node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
       pop_current_node(parser);
     }
     reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(parser);
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_RP, GUMBO_TAG_RT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) {
+        TAG(RB), TAG(RP), TAG(RT), TAG(RTC) })) {
     bool success = true;
+    GumboTag exception = tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) {
+        TAG(RT), TAG(RP) }) ? GUMBO_TAG_RTC : GUMBO_TAG_LAST;
     if (has_an_element_in_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_RUBY)) {
-      generate_implied_end_tags(parser, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+      generate_implied_end_tags(parser, exception);
     }
-    if (!node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_RUBY)) {
+    if (!node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_RUBY) &&
+        !(exception == GUMBO_TAG_LAST ||
+          node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_RTC))) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       success = false;
     }
@@ -2867,11 +2975,10 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       acknowledge_self_closing_tag(parser);
     }
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_COL,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_FRAME, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TR,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(CAPTION), TAG(COL),
+            TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(FRAME), TAG(HEAD),
+            TAG(TBODY), TAG(TD), TAG(TFOOT),
+            TAG(TH), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR) })) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
@@ -2883,7 +2990,7 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     assert(token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG);
     GumboTag end_tag = token->v.end_tag;
     assert(state->_open_elements.length > 0);
-    assert(node_tag_is(state->_open_elements.data[0], GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
+    assert(node_html_tag_is(state->_open_elements.data[0], GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
     // Walk up the stack of open elements until we find one that either:
     // a) Matches the tag name we saw
     // b) Is in the "special" category.
@@ -2892,8 +2999,7 @@ static bool handle_in_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     // implied end tags) and ignore the end tag token.
     for (int i = state->_open_elements.length; --i >= 0; ) {
       const GumboNode* node = state->_open_elements.data[i];
-      if (node->v.element.tag_namespace == GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML &&
-          node_tag_is(node, end_tag)) {
+      if (node_html_tag_is(node, end_tag)) {
         generate_implied_end_tags(parser, end_tag);
         // TODO(jdtang): Do I need to add a parse error here?  The condition in
         // the spec seems like it's the inverse of the loop condition above, and
@@ -2974,13 +3080,11 @@ static bool handle_in_table(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_COLUMN_GROUP);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_TR,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TBODY), TAG(TFOOT),
+          TAG(THEAD), TAG(TD), TAG(TH), TAG(TR) })) {
     clear_stack_to_table_context(parser);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE_BODY);
-    if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_TR,
-               GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TD), TAG(TH), TAG(TR) })) {
       insert_element_of_tag_type(
           parser, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_INSERTION_IMPLIED);
       state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
@@ -3002,16 +3106,15 @@ static bool handle_in_table(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       return false;
     }
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_COL, GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TR,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BODY), TAG(CAPTION),
+          TAG(COL), TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(HTML),
+          TAG(TBODY), TAG(TD), TAG(TFOOT),
+          TAG(TH), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR) })) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_STYLE, GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(STYLE), TAG(SCRIPT), TAG(TEMPLATE) }) ||
+             (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE))) {
     return handle_in_head(parser, token);
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_INPUT) &&
              attribute_matches(&token->v.start_tag.attributes,
@@ -3022,7 +3125,7 @@ static bool handle_in_table(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     return false;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_FORM)) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-    if (state->_form_element) {
+    if (state->_form_element || has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
@@ -3030,11 +3133,7 @@ static bool handle_in_table(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     pop_current_node(parser);
     return false;
   } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_EOF) {
-    if (!node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
-      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+    return handle_in_body(parser, token);
   } else {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     state->_foster_parent_insertions = true;
@@ -3063,7 +3162,7 @@ static bool handle_in_table_text(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     // of any one byte that is not whitespace means we flip the flag, so this
     // loop is still valid.
     for (int i = 0; i < buffer->length; ++i) {
-      if (!isspace(buffer->data[i]) || buffer->data[i] == '\v') {
+      if (!isspace((unsigned char)buffer->data[i]) || buffer->data[i] == '\v') {
         state->_foster_parent_insertions = true;
         reconstruct_active_formatting_elements(parser);
         break;
@@ -3079,38 +3178,37 @@ static bool handle_in_table_text(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#parsing-main-incaption
 static bool handle_in_caption(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
-  if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_COL,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TD,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST) ||
-             tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION)) {
     if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
+    } else {
+      generate_implied_end_tags(parser, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+      bool result = true;
+      if (!node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION)) {
+        parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      }
+      while (!node_html_tag_is(pop_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION));
+      clear_active_formatting_elements(parser);
+      set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE);
+      return result;
     }
-    if (!tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION)) {
-      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-      parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
-    }
-    generate_implied_end_tags(parser, GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
-    bool result = true;
-    if (!node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(CAPTION), TAG(COL),
+          TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(TBODY), TAG(TD), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(TH), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR) }) ||
+          (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE))) {
+    if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-      while (!node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION)) {
-        pop_current_node(parser);
-      }
-      result = false;
+      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
     }
-    pop_current_node(parser);  // The <caption> itself.
+    while (!node_html_tag_is(pop_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION));
     clear_active_formatting_elements(parser);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE);
-    return result;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_COL,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_TH,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+    parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+    return true;
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BODY), TAG(COL), TAG(COLGROUP),
+          TAG(HTML), TAG(TBODY), TAG(TD), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(TH), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR) } )) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
@@ -3138,24 +3236,33 @@ static bool handle_in_column_group(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     pop_current_node(parser);
     acknowledge_self_closing_tag(parser);
     return true;
+  } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP)) {
+    if (!node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP)) {
+      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
+    }
+    pop_current_node(parser);
+    set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE);
+    return false;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_COL)) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
-  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_EOF &&
-             get_current_node(parser) == parser->_output->root) {
-    return true;
+  } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE) ||
+             tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+    return handle_in_head(parser, token);
+  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_EOF) {
+    return handle_in_body(parser, token);
   } else {
-    if (get_current_node(parser) == parser->_output->root) {
+    if (!node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
-    assert(node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP));
     pop_current_node(parser);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE);
-    if (!tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP)) {
-      parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
-    }
+    parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
     return true;
   }
 }
@@ -3167,16 +3274,14 @@ static bool handle_in_table_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_ROW);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TD), TAG(TH) })) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     clear_stack_to_table_body_context(parser);
     insert_element_of_tag_type(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_INSERTION_IMPLIED);
     parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_ROW);
     return false;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TBODY), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD) })) {
     if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, token->v.end_tag)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
@@ -3186,9 +3291,8 @@ static bool handle_in_table_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     pop_current_node(parser);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_COL,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_LAST) ||
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(CAPTION), TAG(COL),
+          TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(TBODY), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD) }) ||
              tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE)) {
     if (!(has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY) ||
           has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD) ||
@@ -3202,9 +3306,8 @@ static bool handle_in_table_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE);
     parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_COL, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_HTML, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_LAST))
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BODY), TAG(CAPTION),
+          TAG(COL), TAG(TR), TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(HTML), TAG(TD), TAG(TH) }))
   {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
@@ -3216,51 +3319,54 @@ static bool handle_in_table_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#parsing-main-intr
 static bool handle_in_row(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
-  if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TH), TAG(TD) })) {
     clear_stack_to_table_row_context(parser);
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_CELL);
     add_formatting_element(parser, &kActiveFormattingScopeMarker);
     return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST) ||
-             tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
-    // This case covers 4 clauses of the spec, each of which say "Otherwise, act
-    // as if an end tag with the tag name "tr" had been seen."  The differences
-    // are in error handling and whether the current token is reprocessed.
-    GumboTag desired_tag =
-        tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT,
-               GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)
-        ? token->v.end_tag : GUMBO_TAG_TR;
-    if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, desired_tag)) {
-      gumbo_debug("Bailing because there is no tag %s in table scope.\nOpen elements:",
-                 gumbo_normalized_tagname(desired_tag));
-      for (int i = 0; i < parser->_parser_state->_open_elements.length; ++i) {
-        const GumboNode* node = parser->_parser_state->_open_elements.data[i];
-        gumbo_debug("%s\n", gumbo_normalized_tagname(node->v.element.tag));
-      }
+  } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TR)) {
+    if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser,GUMBO_TAG_TR)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
+    } else {
+      clear_stack_to_table_row_context(parser);
+      pop_current_node(parser);
+      set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE_BODY);
+      return true;
     }
-    clear_stack_to_table_row_context(parser);
-    GumboNode* last_element = pop_current_node(parser);
-    assert(node_tag_is(last_element, GUMBO_TAG_TR));
-    AVOID_UNUSED_VARIABLE_WARNING(last_element);
-    set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE_BODY);
-    if (!tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TR)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(CAPTION), TAG(COL), TAG(COLGROUP),
+          TAG(TBODY), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR) }) || tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE)) {
+    if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser,GUMBO_TAG_TR)) {
+      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      clear_stack_to_table_row_context(parser);
+      pop_current_node(parser);
+      set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE_BODY);
       parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+      return true;
     }
-    return true;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_COL, GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
-    parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-    ignore_token(parser);
-    return false;
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TBODY), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD) })) {
+    if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, token->v.end_tag) ||
+        (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TR))) {
+      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      clear_stack_to_table_row_context(parser);
+      pop_current_node(parser);
+      set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE_BODY);
+      parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+      return true;
+    }
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BODY), TAG(CAPTION), TAG(COL),
+          TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(HTML), TAG(TD), TAG(TH) })) {
+      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
   } else {
     return handle_in_table(parser, token);
   }
@@ -3268,17 +3374,17 @@ static bool handle_in_row(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#parsing-main-intd
 static bool handle_in_cell(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
-  if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TD), TAG(TH) })) {
     GumboTag token_tag = token->v.end_tag;
     if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, token_tag)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
     return close_table_cell(parser, token, token_tag);
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_COL,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TD,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(CAPTION), TAG(COL),
+          TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(TBODY), TAG(TD),
+          TAG(TFOOT), TAG(TH), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR) })) {
     gumbo_debug("Handling <td> in cell.\n");
     if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TH) &&
         !has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TD)) {
@@ -3289,15 +3395,13 @@ static bool handle_in_cell(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     }
     parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
     return close_current_cell(parser, token);
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_COL, GUMBO_TAG_COLGROUP, GUMBO_TAG_HTML,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BODY), TAG(CAPTION),
+          TAG(COL), TAG(COLGROUP), TAG(HTML) })) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TBODY,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TR,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TABLE), TAG(TBODY),
+          TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR) })) {
     if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, token->v.end_tag)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
@@ -3330,28 +3434,28 @@ static bool handle_in_select(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
     return handle_in_body(parser, token);
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
-    if (node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
+    if (node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
       pop_current_node(parser);
     }
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     return true;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP)) {
-    if (node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
+    if (node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
       pop_current_node(parser);
     }
-    if (node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP)) {
+    if (node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP)) {
       pop_current_node(parser);
     }
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     return true;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP)) {
     GumboVector* open_elements = &parser->_parser_state->_open_elements;
-    if (node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION) &&
-        node_tag_is(open_elements->data[open_elements->length - 2],
+    if (node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION) &&
+        node_html_tag_is(open_elements->data[open_elements->length - 2],
                     GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP)) {
       pop_current_node(parser);
     }
-    if (node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP)) {
+    if (node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTGROUP)) {
       pop_current_node(parser);
       return true;
     } else {
@@ -3360,7 +3464,7 @@ static bool handle_in_select(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       return false;
     }
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
-    if (node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
+    if (node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_OPTION)) {
       pop_current_node(parser);
       return true;
     } else {
@@ -3381,8 +3485,7 @@ static bool handle_in_select(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     ignore_token(parser);
     close_current_select(parser);
     return false;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_INPUT, GUMBO_TAG_KEYGEN,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TEXTAREA, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(INPUT), TAG(KEYGEN), TAG(TEXTAREA) })) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     if (!has_an_element_in_select_scope(parser, GUMBO_TAG_SELECT)) {
       ignore_token(parser);
@@ -3391,14 +3494,11 @@ static bool handle_in_select(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
     }
     return false;
-  } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(SCRIPT) , TAG(TEMPLATE) }) ||
+             tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
     return handle_in_head(parser, token);
   } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_EOF) {
-    if (get_current_node(parser) != parser->_output->root) {
-      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+    return handle_in_body(parser, token);
   } else {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     ignore_token(parser);
@@ -3408,25 +3508,25 @@ static bool handle_in_select(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#parsing-main-inselectintable
 static bool handle_in_select_in_table(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
-  if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE,
-             GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD, GUMBO_TAG_TR,
-             GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(CAPTION), TAG(TABLE),
+          TAG(TBODY), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR), TAG(TD), TAG(TH) })) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
     close_current_select(parser);
     parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
     return false;
-  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_CAPTION, GUMBO_TAG_TABLE,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TBODY, GUMBO_TAG_TFOOT, GUMBO_TAG_THEAD,
-                    GUMBO_TAG_TR, GUMBO_TAG_TD, GUMBO_TAG_TH, GUMBO_TAG_LAST)) {
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kEndTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(CAPTION), TAG(TABLE),
+          TAG(TBODY), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD), TAG(TR), TAG(TD), TAG(TH) })) {
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-    if (has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, token->v.end_tag)) {
+    if (!has_an_element_in_table_scope(parser, token->v.end_tag)) {
+      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
+    } else {
       close_current_select(parser);
-      reset_insertion_mode_appropriately(parser);
+      // close_current_select already does the reset_insertion_mode_appropriately
+      // reset_insertion_mode_appropriately(parser);
       parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
-    } else {
-      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
     }
-    return false;
   } else {
     return handle_in_select(parser, token);
   }
@@ -3434,8 +3534,68 @@ static bool handle_in_select_in_table(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/tree-construction.html#parsing-main-intemplate
 static bool handle_in_template(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
-  // TODO(jdtang): Implement this.
-  return true;
+  GumboParserState* state = parser->_parser_state;
+  if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_WHITESPACE ||
+      token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER ||
+      token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_COMMENT ||
+      token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_DOCTYPE) {
+    return handle_in_body(parser, token);
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(BASE), TAG(BASEFONT), TAG(BGSOUND),
+          TAG(LINK), TAG(META), TAG(NOFRAMES), TAG(SCRIPT), TAG(STYLE),
+          TAG(TEMPLATE), TAG(TITLE) }) ||
+             tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+    return handle_in_head(parser, token);
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(CAPTION), TAG(COLGROUP),
+          TAG(TBODY), TAG(TFOOT), TAG(THEAD) })) {
+    pop_template_insertion_mode(parser);
+    push_template_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE);
+    set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE);
+    state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+    return true;
+  } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_COL)) {
+    pop_template_insertion_mode(parser);
+    push_template_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_COLUMN_GROUP);
+    set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_COLUMN_GROUP);
+    state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+    return true;
+  } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_TR)) {
+    pop_template_insertion_mode(parser);
+    push_template_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE_BODY);
+    set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TABLE_BODY);
+    state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+    return true;
+  } else if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(TD), TAG(TH) })) {
+    pop_template_insertion_mode(parser);
+    push_template_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_ROW);
+    set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_ROW);
+    state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+    return true;
+  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG) {
+    pop_template_insertion_mode(parser);
+    push_template_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_BODY);
+    set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_BODY);
+    state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+    return true;
+  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG) {
+    parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+    ignore_token(parser);
+    return false;
+  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_EOF) {
+    if (!has_open_element(parser, GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE)) {
+      // Stop parsing.
+      return true;
+    }
+    parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+    while(!node_html_tag_is(pop_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE));
+    clear_active_formatting_elements(parser);
+    pop_template_insertion_mode(parser);
+    reset_insertion_mode_appropriately(parser);
+    state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    assert(0);
+    return false;
+  }
 }
 
 // http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/tokenization.html#parsing-main-afterbody
@@ -3453,10 +3613,15 @@ static bool handle_after_body(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     ignore_token(parser);
     return false;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
-    // TODO(jdtang): Handle fragment parsing algorithm case.
+    /* fragment case: ignore the closing HTML token */
+    if (is_fragment_parser(parser)) {
+      parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
+      ignore_token(parser);
+      return false;
+    }
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_AFTER_AFTER_BODY);
     GumboNode* html = parser->_parser_state->_open_elements.data[0];
-    assert(node_tag_is(html, GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
+    assert(node_html_tag_is(html, GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
     record_end_of_element(
         parser->_parser_state->_current_token, &html->v.element);
     return true;
@@ -3488,15 +3653,14 @@ static bool handle_in_frameset(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     insert_element_from_token(parser, token);
     return true;
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET)) {
-    if (node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
+    if (node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       ignore_token(parser);
       return false;
     }
     pop_current_node(parser);
-    // TODO(jdtang): Add a condition to ignore this for the fragment parsing
-    // algorithm.
-    if (!node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET)) {
+    if (!is_fragment_parser(parser) &&
+        !node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_FRAMESET)) {
       set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_AFTER_FRAMESET);
     }
     return true;
@@ -3508,7 +3672,7 @@ static bool handle_in_frameset(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   } else if (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES)) {
     return handle_in_head(parser, token);
   } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_EOF) {
-    if (!node_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
+    if (!node_html_tag_is(get_current_node(parser), GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
       return false;
     }
@@ -3536,7 +3700,7 @@ static bool handle_after_frameset(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     return handle_in_body(parser, token);
   } else if (tag_is(token, kEndTag, GUMBO_TAG_HTML)) {
     GumboNode* html = parser->_parser_state->_open_elements.data[0];
-    assert(node_tag_is(html, GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
+    assert(node_html_tag_is(html, GUMBO_TAG_HTML));
     record_end_of_element(
         parser->_parser_state->_current_token, &html->v.element);
     set_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_AFTER_AFTER_FRAMESET);
@@ -3631,13 +3795,13 @@ static bool handle_in_foreign_content(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   switch (token->type) {
     case GUMBO_TOKEN_NULL:
       parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-      token->type = GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER;
       token->v.character = kUtf8ReplacementChar;
       insert_text_token(parser, token);
       return false;
     case GUMBO_TOKEN_WHITESPACE:
       insert_text_token(parser, token);
       return true;
+    case GUMBO_TOKEN_CDATA:
     case GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER:
       insert_text_token(parser, token);
       set_frameset_not_ok(parser);
@@ -3654,35 +3818,48 @@ static bool handle_in_foreign_content(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
       break;
   }
   // Order matters for these clauses.
-  if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_B, GUMBO_TAG_BIG,
-             GUMBO_TAG_BLOCKQUOTE, GUMBO_TAG_BODY, GUMBO_TAG_BR,
-             GUMBO_TAG_CENTER, GUMBO_TAG_CODE, GUMBO_TAG_DD, GUMBO_TAG_DIV,
-             GUMBO_TAG_DL, GUMBO_TAG_DT, GUMBO_TAG_EM, GUMBO_TAG_EMBED,
-             GUMBO_TAG_H1, GUMBO_TAG_H2, GUMBO_TAG_H3, GUMBO_TAG_H4,
-             GUMBO_TAG_H5, GUMBO_TAG_H6, GUMBO_TAG_HEAD, GUMBO_TAG_HR,
-             GUMBO_TAG_I, GUMBO_TAG_IMG, GUMBO_TAG_LI, GUMBO_TAG_LISTING,
-             GUMBO_TAG_MENU, GUMBO_TAG_META, GUMBO_TAG_NOBR, GUMBO_TAG_OL,
-             GUMBO_TAG_P, GUMBO_TAG_PRE, GUMBO_TAG_RUBY, GUMBO_TAG_S,
-             GUMBO_TAG_SMALL, GUMBO_TAG_SPAN, GUMBO_TAG_STRONG,
-             GUMBO_TAG_STRIKE, GUMBO_TAG_SUB, GUMBO_TAG_SUP,
-             GUMBO_TAG_TABLE, GUMBO_TAG_TT, GUMBO_TAG_U, GUMBO_TAG_UL,
-             GUMBO_TAG_VAR, GUMBO_TAG_LAST) ||
+  if (tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(B), TAG(BIG),
+          TAG(BLOCKQUOTE), TAG(BODY), TAG(BR),
+          TAG(CENTER), TAG(CODE), TAG(DD), TAG(DIV),
+          TAG(DL), TAG(DT), TAG(EM), TAG(EMBED),
+          TAG(H1), TAG(H2), TAG(H3), TAG(H4),
+          TAG(H5), TAG(H6), TAG(HEAD), TAG(HR),
+          TAG(I), TAG(IMG), TAG(LI), TAG(LISTING),
+          TAG(MENU), TAG(META), TAG(NOBR), TAG(OL),
+          TAG(P), TAG(PRE), TAG(RUBY), TAG(S),
+          TAG(SMALL), TAG(SPAN), TAG(STRONG),
+          TAG(STRIKE), TAG(SUB), TAG(SUP),
+          TAG(TABLE), TAG(TT), TAG(U), TAG(UL), TAG(VAR) }) ||
      (tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_FONT) && (
          token_has_attribute(token, "color") ||
          token_has_attribute(token, "face") ||
          token_has_attribute(token, "size")))) {
+
+    /* Parse error */
     parser_add_parse_error(parser, token);
-    do {
-      pop_current_node(parser);
-    } while(!(is_mathml_integration_point(get_current_node(parser)) ||
-              is_html_integration_point(get_current_node(parser)) ||
-              get_current_node(parser)->v.element.tag_namespace ==
-              GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML));
-    parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
-    return false;
-  } else if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG) {
+
+    /*
+     * Fragment case: If the parser was originally created for the HTML
+     * fragment parsing algorithm, then act as described in the "any other
+     * start tag" entry below.
+     */
+    if (!is_fragment_parser(parser)) {
+      do {
+        pop_current_node(parser);
+      } while(!(is_mathml_integration_point(get_current_node(parser)) ||
+                is_html_integration_point(get_current_node(parser)) ||
+                get_current_node(parser)->v.element.tag_namespace ==
+                GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML));
+      parser->_parser_state->_reprocess_current_token = true;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    assert(token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG);
+  }
+
+  if (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG) {
     const GumboNamespaceEnum current_namespace =
-        get_current_node(parser)->v.element.tag_namespace;
+        get_adjusted_current_node(parser)->v.element.tag_namespace;
     if (current_namespace == GUMBO_NAMESPACE_MATHML) {
       adjust_mathml_attributes(parser, token);
     }
@@ -3771,8 +3948,10 @@ static bool handle_token(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
     parser->_parser_state->_closed_html_tag = true;
   }
 
-  const GumboNode* current_node = get_current_node(parser);
-  assert(!current_node || current_node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT);
+  const GumboNode* current_node = get_adjusted_current_node(parser);
+  assert(!current_node ||
+         current_node->type == GUMBO_NODE_ELEMENT ||
+         current_node->type == GUMBO_NODE_TEMPLATE);
   if (current_node) {
     gumbo_debug("Current node: <%s>.\n",
                 gumbo_normalized_tagname(current_node->v.element.tag));
@@ -3784,10 +3963,9 @@ static bool handle_token(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
         token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_WHITESPACE ||
         token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_NULL ||
         (token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG &&
-         !tag_in(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_MGLYPH, GUMBO_TAG_MALIGNMARK,
-                GUMBO_TAG_LAST)))) ||
+         !tag_in(token, kStartTag, (gumbo_tagset) { TAG(MGLYPH), TAG(MALIGNMARK) })))) ||
       (current_node->v.element.tag_namespace == GUMBO_NAMESPACE_MATHML &&
-       node_tag_is(current_node, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML) &&
+       node_qualified_tag_is(current_node, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_MATHML, GUMBO_TAG_ANNOTATION_XML) &&
        tag_is(token, kStartTag, GUMBO_TAG_SVG)) ||
       (is_html_integration_point(current_node) && (
           token->type == GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG ||
@@ -3801,6 +3979,66 @@ static bool handle_token(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
   }
 }
 
+static void fragment_parser_init(
+    GumboParser *parser, GumboTag fragment_ctx,
+    GumboNamespaceEnum fragment_namespace) {
+  GumboNode *root;
+  assert(fragment_ctx != GUMBO_TAG_LAST);
+
+  // 3
+  parser->_parser_state->_fragment_ctx = create_element(parser, fragment_ctx);
+  parser->_parser_state->_fragment_ctx->v.element.tag_namespace =
+    fragment_namespace;
+
+  // 4
+  if (fragment_namespace == GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML) {
+    // Non-HTML namespaces always start in the DATA state.
+    switch (fragment_ctx) {
+      case GUMBO_TAG_TITLE:
+      case GUMBO_TAG_TEXTAREA:
+        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA);
+        break;
+
+      case GUMBO_TAG_STYLE:
+      case GUMBO_TAG_XMP:
+      case GUMBO_TAG_IFRAME:
+      case GUMBO_TAG_NOEMBED:
+      case GUMBO_TAG_NOFRAMES:
+        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT);
+        break;
+
+      case GUMBO_TAG_SCRIPT:
+        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT);
+        break;
+
+      case GUMBO_TAG_NOSCRIPT:
+        /* scripting is disabled in Gumbo, so leave the tokenizer
+         * in the default data state */
+        break;
+
+      case GUMBO_TAG_PLAINTEXT:
+        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_PLAINTEXT);
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        /* default data state */
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 5. 6. 7.
+  root = insert_element_of_tag_type(parser, GUMBO_TAG_HTML, GUMBO_INSERTION_IMPLIED);
+  parser->_output->root = root;
+
+  // 8.
+  if (fragment_ctx == GUMBO_TAG_TEMPLATE) {
+    push_template_insertion_mode(parser, GUMBO_INSERTION_MODE_IN_TEMPLATE);
+  }
+
+  // 10.
+  reset_insertion_mode_appropriately(parser);
+}
+
 GumboOutput* gumbo_parse(const char* buffer) {
   return gumbo_parse_with_options(
       &kGumboDefaultOptions, buffer, strlen(buffer));
@@ -3808,11 +4046,27 @@ GumboOutput* gumbo_parse(const char* buffer) {
 
 GumboOutput* gumbo_parse_with_options(
     const GumboOptions* options, const char* buffer, size_t length) {
+  return gumbo_parse_fragment(
+      options, buffer, length, GUMBO_TAG_LAST, GUMBO_NAMESPACE_HTML);
+}
+
+GumboOutput* gumbo_parse_fragment(
+    const GumboOptions* options, const char* buffer, size_t length,
+    const GumboTag fragment_ctx, const GumboNamespaceEnum fragment_namespace) {
   GumboParser parser;
   parser._options = options;
+  parser_state_init(&parser);
+  // Must come after parser_state_init, since creating the document node must
+  // reference parser_state->_current_node.
   output_init(&parser);
+  // And this must come after output_init, because initializing the tokenizer
+  // reads the first character and that may cause a UTF-8 decode error
+  // (inserting into output->errors) if that's invalid.
   gumbo_tokenizer_state_init(&parser, buffer, length);
-  parser_state_init(&parser);
+
+  if (fragment_ctx != GUMBO_TAG_LAST) {
+    fragment_parser_init(&parser, fragment_ctx, fragment_namespace);
+  }
 
   GumboParserState* state = parser._parser_state;
   gumbo_debug("Parsing %.*s.\n", length, buffer);
@@ -3823,6 +4077,7 @@ GumboOutput* gumbo_parse_with_options(
 
   GumboToken token;
   bool has_error = false;
+
   do {
     if (state->_reprocess_current_token) {
       state->_reprocess_current_token = false;
@@ -3899,20 +4154,16 @@ GumboOutput* gumbo_parse_with_options(
   return parser._output;
 }
 
-void gumbo_destroy_node(GumboOptions* options, GumboNode* node) {
-  // Need a dummy GumboParser because the allocator comes along with the
-  // options object.
-  GumboParser parser;
-  parser._options = options;
-  destroy_node(&parser, node);
-}
-
 void gumbo_destroy_output(const GumboOptions* options, GumboOutput* output) {
   // Need a dummy GumboParser because the allocator comes along with the
   // options object.
   GumboParser parser;
+  parser._parser_state = NULL;
   parser._options = options;
-  destroy_node(&parser, output->document);
+  GumboNode* current = output->document;
+  while (current) {
+    current = destroy_node(&parser, current);
+  }
   for (int i = 0; i < output->errors.length; ++i) {
     gumbo_error_destroy(&parser, output->errors.data[i]);
   }