neo4j 1.0.0.beta.9 → 1.0.0.beta.10
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- data/README.rdoc +5 -1971
- data/lib/neo4j/mapping/class_methods/relationship.rb +2 -2
- data/lib/neo4j/mapping/decl_relationship_dsl.rb +6 -1
- data/lib/neo4j/mapping/has_n.rb +17 -1
- data/lib/neo4j/node_traverser.rb +14 -1
- data/lib/neo4j/rails/model.rb +127 -31
- data/lib/neo4j/rails/tx_methods.rb +11 -0
- data/lib/neo4j/rails/value.rb +44 -1
- data/lib/neo4j/version.rb +1 -1
- data/lib/neo4j.rb +1 -0
- metadata +4 -59
- data/lib/neo4j.old/batch_inserter.rb +0 -144
- data/lib/neo4j.old/config.rb +0 -138
- data/lib/neo4j.old/event_handler.rb +0 -73
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/activemodel.rb +0 -158
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/aggregate_enum.rb +0 -40
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/ext/node_mixin.rb +0 -69
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/node_aggregate.rb +0 -8
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/node_aggregate_mixin.rb +0 -331
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/node_aggregator.rb +0 -216
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/node_group.rb +0 -43
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/prop_group.rb +0 -30
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/property_enum.rb +0 -24
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/props_aggregate.rb +0 -8
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/props_aggregate_mixin.rb +0 -31
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate/props_aggregator.rb +0 -80
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/aggregate.rb +0 -12
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/find_path.rb +0 -117
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/graph_algo/all_simple_paths.rb +0 -133
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/graph_algo/neo4j-graph-algo-0.3.jar +0 -0
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/graph_algo.rb +0 -1
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/reindexer.rb +0 -104
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/rest/rest.rb +0 -336
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/rest/rest_mixin.rb +0 -193
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/rest/server.rb +0 -50
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/rest/stubs.rb +0 -141
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/rest.rb +0 -21
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/rest_master.rb +0 -34
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/rest_slave.rb +0 -31
- data/lib/neo4j.old/extensions/tx_tracker.rb +0 -392
- data/lib/neo4j.old/indexer.rb +0 -187
- data/lib/neo4j.old/jars/geronimo-jta_1.1_spec-1.1.1.jar +0 -0
- data/lib/neo4j.old/jars/neo4j-kernel-1.0.jar +0 -0
- data/lib/neo4j.old/jars.rb +0 -6
- data/lib/neo4j.old/mixins/java_list_mixin.rb +0 -139
- data/lib/neo4j.old/mixins/java_node_mixin.rb +0 -205
- data/lib/neo4j.old/mixins/java_property_mixin.rb +0 -169
- data/lib/neo4j.old/mixins/java_relationship_mixin.rb +0 -60
- data/lib/neo4j.old/mixins/migration_mixin.rb +0 -157
- data/lib/neo4j.old/mixins/node_mixin.rb +0 -249
- data/lib/neo4j.old/mixins/property_class_methods.rb +0 -265
- data/lib/neo4j.old/mixins/rel_class_methods.rb +0 -167
- data/lib/neo4j.old/mixins/relationship_mixin.rb +0 -103
- data/lib/neo4j.old/neo.rb +0 -247
- data/lib/neo4j.old/node.rb +0 -49
- data/lib/neo4j.old/reference_node.rb +0 -15
- data/lib/neo4j.old/relationship.rb +0 -85
- data/lib/neo4j.old/relationships/decl_relationship_dsl.rb +0 -164
- data/lib/neo4j.old/relationships/has_list.rb +0 -101
- data/lib/neo4j.old/relationships/has_n.rb +0 -129
- data/lib/neo4j.old/relationships/node_traverser.rb +0 -138
- data/lib/neo4j.old/relationships/relationship_dsl.rb +0 -149
- data/lib/neo4j.old/relationships/traversal_position.rb +0 -50
- data/lib/neo4j.old/relationships/wrappers.rb +0 -51
- data/lib/neo4j.old/search_result.rb +0 -72
- data/lib/neo4j.old/transaction.rb +0 -254
- data/lib/neo4j.old/version.rb +0 -3
data/README.rdoc
CHANGED
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= Neo4j.rb
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Neo4j.rb is a graph database for JRuby.
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It provides:
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* Mapping of ruby objects to nodes in networks rather than in tables.
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* Neo4J (http://www.neo4j.org/) - for persistence and traversal of the graph
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* Lucene (http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/index.html) for querying and indexing.
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===
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*
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*
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=== Documentation
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* Wiki: http://github.com/andreasronge/neo4j/wiki
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* API Documentation - http://neo4j.rubyforge.org/ (of the released version)
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=== Project information
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* GitHub - http://github.com/andreasronge/neo4j/tree/master
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* Issue Tracking - http://neo4j.lighthouseapp.com
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* Twitter - http://twitter.com/ronge
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* IRC - #neo4j @ irc.freenode.net
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* API Documentation - http://neo4j.rubyforge.org/ (of the released version)
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* Source repo - git://github.com/andreasronge/neo4j.git
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* Mailing list - http://groups.google.com/group/neo4jrb (neo4jrb@googlegroups.com)
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@@ -46,1970 +47,3 @@ Please also check/add issues at lighthouse, http://neo4j.lighthouseapp.com
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* Neo4j.rb - MIT, see the LICENSE file http://github.com/andreasronge/neo4j/tree/master/LICENSE.
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* Lucene - Apache, see http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/features.html
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* Neo4j - Dual free software/commercial license, see http://neo4j.org/
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=== Content
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This page contains the following information:
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* Installation guide
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* Three Minute Tutorial
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* Ten Minute Tutorial
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* Neo4j API Documentation
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* Extensions: REST (see Neo4j::RestMixin) and find_path (Neo4j::GraphAlgo::AllSimplePaths)
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* Performance issues
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* Ruby on Rails with Neo4j.rb
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* Lucene API Documentation
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There are also some complete examples in the example folder
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* admin - an incomplete admin web gui for the Neo4j.rb/REST interface
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* railway - an example of a railway network application
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* imdb - an example of a Neo4j database consisting of movies, role and actors nodes/relationships (over 18000 nodes).
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* rest - an example how to expose Neo4j nodes as REST resources
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* Ruby on Rails - see http://github.com/andreasronge/neo4j-rails-example/tree/master or http://github.com/sashaagafonoff/peoplemap
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* Rails3/ActiveModel integration see: http://github.com/nicksieger/neo4j-rails
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For most of the examples below there are RSpecs available, check the test/neo4j/readme_spec.rb file.
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== Installation
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To install it:
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jruby -S gem install neo4j
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To install from the latest source:
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git clone git://github.com/andreasronge/neo4j.git
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cd neo4j
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gem install bundler # only needed for development
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bundle install # to install all test dependencies needed for development
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gem build rspec-apigen.gemspec
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gem install neo4j-x.y.z.gem
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This has been verified to work on JRuby 1.5.2
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==== Running all RSpecs
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To check that neo4j.rb is working:
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cd neo4j # the folder containing the Rakefile
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rake # you may have to type jruby -S rake depending how you installed JRuby
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= Three Minute Tutorial
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Neo node space consists of three basic elements: nodes, relationships that connect nodes and properties attached
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to both nodes and relationships. All relationships have a type, for example if the node space represents
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a social network, a relationship type could be KNOWS. If a relationship of the type KNOWS connects two nodes,
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that probably represents two people that know each other. A lot of the semantics, the meaning, of a node space
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is encoded in the relationship types of the application.
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=== Creating Nodes
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Example of creating a Neo4j::Node
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require "rubygems"
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require 'neo4j'
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Neo4j::Transaction.run do
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node = Neo4j::Node.new
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end
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=== Transactions
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Almost all Neo4j operation must be wrapped in a transaction as shown above.
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In all the following examples we assume that the operations are inside an Neo4j transaction.
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There are two ways of creating transaction - in a block or the Transaction.new method
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Using a block:
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Neo4j::Transaction.run do
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# neo4j operations goes here
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end
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Using the Neo4j::Transaction#new and Neo4j::Transaction#finish methods:
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Neo4j::Transaction.new
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# neo4j operations goes here
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Neo4j::Transaction.finish
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=== Properties
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Example of setting properties
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Neo4j::Node.new :name=>'foo', :age=>123, :hungry => false, 4 => 3.14
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# which is same as the following:
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node = Neo4j::Node.new
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node[:name] = 'foo'
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node[:age] = 123
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node[:hungry] = false
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node[4] = 3.14
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node[:age] # => 123
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=== Creating Relationships
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Example of creating an outgoing Neo4j::Relationship from node1 to node2 of type friends
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node1 = Neo4j::Node.new
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node2 = Neo4j::Node.new
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Neo4j::Relationship.new(:friends, node1, node2)
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# which is same as
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node1.rels.outgoing(:friends) << node2
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=== Accessing Relationships
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Example of getting relationships
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node1.rels.empty? # => false
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# The rels method returns an enumeration of relationship objects.
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# The nodes method on the relationships returns the nodes instead.
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node1.rels.nodes.include?(node2) # => true
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node1.rels.first # => the first relationship this node1 has which is between node1 and node2 of any type
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node1.rels.nodes.first # => node2 first node of any relationship type
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node2.rels.incoming(:friends).nodes.first # => node1 first node of relationship type 'friends'
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node2.rels.incoming(:friends).first # => a relationship object between node1 and node2
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=== Properties on Relationships
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Example of setting properties on relationships
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rel = node1.rels.outgoing(:friends).first
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rel[:since] = 1982
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node1.rels.first[:since] # => 1982 (there is only one relationship defined on node1 in this example)
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= Ten Minute Tutorial
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=== Creating a Model
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The following example specifies how to map a Neo4j node to a Ruby Person instance.
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require "rubygems"
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require "neo4j"
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class Person
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include Neo4j::NodeMixin
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# define Neo4j properties
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property :name, :salary, :age, :country
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# define an one way relationship to any other node
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has_n :friends
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# adds a Lucene index on the following properties
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index :name, :salary, :age, :country
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end
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Neo properties and relationships are declared using the 'property' and 'has_n'/'has_one' NodeMixin class method.
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Adding new types of properties and relationships can also be done without
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declaring those properties/relationships by using the operator '[]' on Neo4j::NodeMixin and the
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'<<' on the Neo4j::Relationships::RelationshipTraverser.
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By using the NodeMixin and by declaring properties and indices, all instances of the Person class can now be stored in
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the Neo4j node space and be retrieved/queried by traversing the node space or performing Lucene queries.
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A Lucene index will be updated when the name or salary property changes.
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=== Creating a node
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Creating a Person node instance
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person = Person.new
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=== Setting properties
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Setting a property:
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person.name = 'kalle'
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person.salary = 10000
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You can also set this (or any property) when you create the node:
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person = Person.new :name => 'kalle', :salary => 10000, :foo => 'bar'
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=== Properties and the [] operator
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Notice that it is not required to specify which attributes should be available on a node. Any attributes can be
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set using the [] operator. Declared properties set an expectation, not an requirement. It can be used for documenting your model objects and
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catching typos.
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Example:
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person['an_undefined_property'] = 'hello'
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So, why declare properties in the class at all? By declaring a property in the class, you get the sexy dot notation.
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But also, if you declare a Lucene index on the declared property and update the value, then the Lucene index will
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automatically be updated. The property declaration is required before declaring an index on the property.
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=== Relationships
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Like properties, relationships do not have to be defined using has_n or has_one for a class.
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A relationship can be added at any time on any node.
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Example:
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person.rels.outgoing(:best_friends) << other_node
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person.rels.outgoing(:best_friends).first.end_node # => other_node (if there is only one relationship of type 'best_friends' on person)
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# the line above can also be written as below - take the first outgoing relationship:
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person.rel(:best_friends).end_node
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=== Finding Nodes and Queries
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There are three ways of finding/querying nodes in Neo4j:
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1. by traversing the graph
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2. by using Lucene queries
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3. using the unique neo4j id (Neo4j::NodeMixin#neo_id).
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When doing a traversal one starts from a node and traverses one or more relationships (one or more levels deep).
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This start node can be either the reference node which is always found (Neo4j#ref_node) or by finding a start
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node from a Lucene query.
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=== Lucene Queries
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There are different ways to write Lucene queries.
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Using a hash:
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Person.find (:name => 'kalle', :salary => 20000..30000) # find people with name kalle and age between 20 and 30
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or using the Lucene query language:
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Person.find("name:kalle AND salary:[10000 TO 30000]")
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The Lucene query language supports wildcard, grouping, boolean, fuzzy queries, etc...
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For more information see: http://lucene.apache.org/java/2_4_0/queryparsersyntax.html
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=== Sorting, example
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Person.find(:age => 25).sort_by(:salary)
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Person.find(:age => 25).sort_by(Lucene::Desc[:salary], Lucene::Asc[:country])
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Person.find(:age => 25).sort_by(Lucene::Desc[:salary, :country])
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=== Search Results
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The query is not performed until the search result is requested.
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Example of using the search result.
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res = Person.find(:name => 'kalle')
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res.size # => 10
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res.each {|x| puts x.name}
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res[0].name = 'sune'
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=== Creating a Relationships
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Since we declared a relationship in the example above with <tt>has_n :friends</tt> (see Neo4j::RelClassMethods#has_n) we
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can use the generated methods <tt>Person#friends</tt> and <tt>Person#friends_rels</tt>
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The <tt>friends_rels</tt> method is used to access relationships and the <tt>Person#friends</tt>
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method for accessing nodes.
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Adding a relationship between two nodes:
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person2 = Person.new
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person.friends << person2
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The person.friends returns an object that has a number of useful methods (it also includes the Enumerable mixin).
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Example
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306
|
-
person.friends.empty? # => false
|
307
|
-
person.friends.first # => person2
|
308
|
-
person.friends.include?(person2) # => true
|
309
|
-
|
310
|
-
|
311
|
-
=== Deleting a Relationship
|
312
|
-
|
313
|
-
To delete the relationship between person and person2:
|
314
|
-
|
315
|
-
person.friends_rels.first.del
|
316
|
-
|
317
|
-
If a node is deleted then all its relationship will also be deleted
|
318
|
-
Deleting a node is performed by using the delete method:
|
319
|
-
|
320
|
-
person.del
|
321
|
-
|
322
|
-
=== Node Traversals
|
323
|
-
|
324
|
-
The has_one and has_many methods create a convenient method for traversals and
|
325
|
-
managing relationships to other nodes.
|
326
|
-
Example:
|
327
|
-
|
328
|
-
Person.has_n :friends # generates the friends instance method
|
329
|
-
# all instances of Person now has a friends method so that we can do the following
|
330
|
-
person.friends.each {|n| ... }
|
331
|
-
|
332
|
-
Traversing using a filter
|
333
|
-
|
334
|
-
person.friends{ salary == 10000 }.each {|n| ...}
|
335
|
-
|
336
|
-
Traversing with a specific depth (depth 1 is default)
|
337
|
-
|
338
|
-
person.friends{ salary == 10000}.depth(3).each { ... }
|
339
|
-
|
340
|
-
There is also a more powerful method for traversing several relationships at
|
341
|
-
the same time - Neo4j::NodeMixin#traverse, Neo4j::JavaNodeMixin#outgoing and Neo4j::JavaNodeMixin:incoming see below.
|
342
|
-
|
343
|
-
=== Example on Relationships
|
344
|
-
|
345
|
-
In the first example the friends relationship can have relationships to any
|
346
|
-
other node of any class.
|
347
|
-
In the next example we specify that the 'acted_in' relationship should use
|
348
|
-
the Ruby classes Actor, Role and Movie.
|
349
|
-
This is done by using the has_n class method:
|
350
|
-
|
351
|
-
class Role
|
352
|
-
include Neo4j::RelationshipMixin
|
353
|
-
# notice that neo4j relationships can also have properties
|
354
|
-
property :name
|
355
|
-
end
|
356
|
-
|
357
|
-
class Actor
|
358
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
359
|
-
|
360
|
-
# The following line defines the acted_in relationship
|
361
|
-
# using the following classes:
|
362
|
-
# Actor[Node] --(Role[Relationship])--> Movie[Node]
|
363
|
-
#
|
364
|
-
has_n(:acted_in).to(Movie).relationship(Role)
|
365
|
-
end
|
366
|
-
|
367
|
-
class Movie
|
368
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
369
|
-
property :title
|
370
|
-
property :year
|
371
|
-
|
372
|
-
# defines a method for traversing incoming acted_in relationships from Actor
|
373
|
-
has_n(:actors).from(Actor, :acted_in)
|
374
|
-
end
|
375
|
-
|
376
|
-
Creating a new Actor-Role-Movie relationship can be done like this:
|
377
|
-
|
378
|
-
keanu_reeves = Actor.new
|
379
|
-
matrix = Movie.new
|
380
|
-
keanu_reeves.acted_in << matrix
|
381
|
-
|
382
|
-
or you can also specify this relationship on the incoming node
|
383
|
-
(since we provided that information in the has_n methods).
|
384
|
-
|
385
|
-
keanu_reeves = Actor.new
|
386
|
-
matrix = Movie.new
|
387
|
-
matrix.actors << keanu_reeves
|
388
|
-
|
389
|
-
More information about neo4j can be found after the Lucene section below.
|
390
|
-
|
391
|
-
= Neo4j API Documentation
|
392
|
-
|
393
|
-
=== Start and Stop of the Neo4j
|
394
|
-
|
395
|
-
Unlike the Java Neo4j implementation it is not necessarily to start Neo4j.
|
396
|
-
It will automatically be started when needed.
|
397
|
-
It also uses a hook to automatically shutdown Neo4j.
|
398
|
-
Shutdown of Neo4j can also be done using the stop method, example:
|
399
|
-
|
400
|
-
Neo4j.stop
|
401
|
-
|
402
|
-
==== Neo4j Configuration
|
403
|
-
|
404
|
-
Before using Neo4j the location where the database is stored on disk should be configured.
|
405
|
-
The Neo4j configuration is kept in the Neo4j::Config class:
|
406
|
-
|
407
|
-
Neo4j::Config[:storage_path] = '/home/neo/neodb'
|
408
|
-
|
409
|
-
==== Accessing the Java Neo4j API
|
410
|
-
|
411
|
-
You can access the org.neo4j.kernel.EmbeddedGraphDatabase class by
|
412
|
-
|
413
|
-
Neo4j.instance
|
414
|
-
|
415
|
-
You can create an org.neo4j.graphdb.Node object by using the Neo4j::Node.new method (!)
|
416
|
-
|
417
|
-
node = Neo4j::Node.new # => an instance of org.neo4j.graphdb.Node
|
418
|
-
|
419
|
-
To load a specific node by its ID (see javadoc org.neo4j.graphdb.Node.getId()), do
|
420
|
-
|
421
|
-
node_id = node.neo_id
|
422
|
-
ref_node = Neo4j.load_node(node_id)
|
423
|
-
|
424
|
-
The neo_id method works both for the Neo4j::NodeMixin and for org.neo4j.graphdb.Node java objects.
|
425
|
-
|
426
|
-
You can create a relationship of type org.neo4j.graphdb.Relationship by
|
427
|
-
|
428
|
-
a = Neo4j::Node.new
|
429
|
-
b = Neo4j::Node.new
|
430
|
-
r = a.add_rel(:friends, b)
|
431
|
-
r.java_class # => class org.neo4j.kernel.impl.core.RelationshipProxy
|
432
|
-
|
433
|
-
=== Lucene Integration
|
434
|
-
|
435
|
-
Neo4j.rb uses the Lucene module. That means that the Neo4j::NodeMixin has methods for
|
436
|
-
both traversal and Lucene queries/indexing.
|
437
|
-
|
438
|
-
==== Lucene Configuration
|
439
|
-
|
440
|
-
By default Lucene indexes are kept in memory.
|
441
|
-
Keeping index in memory will increase the performance of Lucene operations (such as updating the index).
|
442
|
-
|
443
|
-
Example to configure Lucene to store indexes on disk instead
|
444
|
-
|
445
|
-
Lucene::Config[:store_on_file] = true
|
446
|
-
Lucene::Config[:storage_path] = '/home/neo/lucene-db'
|
447
|
-
|
448
|
-
==== Lucene Index in Memory
|
449
|
-
|
450
|
-
If index is stored in memory then one needs to reindex all nodes when the application starts up again.
|
451
|
-
|
452
|
-
MyNode.update_index # will traverse all MyNode instances and (re)create the Lucene index in memory.
|
453
|
-
|
454
|
-
=== Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
455
|
-
|
456
|
-
Neo4j::NodeMixin is a mixin that lets instances to be stored as a node in the Neo node space on disk.
|
457
|
-
A node can have properties and relationships to other nodes.
|
458
|
-
|
459
|
-
Example of how declare a class that has this behaviour:
|
460
|
-
|
461
|
-
class MyNode
|
462
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
463
|
-
end
|
464
|
-
|
465
|
-
|
466
|
-
=== Neo4j::Node
|
467
|
-
|
468
|
-
If you do not need to map a node to a ruby instance you can simply use the Neo4j::Node object.
|
469
|
-
|
470
|
-
Example:
|
471
|
-
|
472
|
-
node = Neo4j::Node.new
|
473
|
-
node[:name] = 'foo'
|
474
|
-
|
475
|
-
The Neo4j::Node.new method actually returns a Java object that implements the org.neo4j.graphdb.Node interface.
|
476
|
-
That Java interface is extended with methods so it behaviors almost like using the your own Ruby Neo4j::NodeMixin class.
|
477
|
-
|
478
|
-
=== Create a Node
|
479
|
-
|
480
|
-
node = MyNode.new
|
481
|
-
|
482
|
-
=== Delete a Node
|
483
|
-
|
484
|
-
The Neo4j::NodeMixin mixin defines a delete method that will delete the node and all its relationships.
|
485
|
-
|
486
|
-
Example:
|
487
|
-
|
488
|
-
node = MyNode.new
|
489
|
-
node.del
|
490
|
-
|
491
|
-
The node in the example above will be removed from the Neo database on the filesystem and the Lucene index
|
492
|
-
|
493
|
-
==== Neo4j::Node#del method
|
494
|
-
|
495
|
-
Since one can both use the org.neo4j.graphdb.Node directly or using the Neo4j::NodeMixin there might be a clash
|
496
|
-
in method names.
|
497
|
-
For example the method Neo4j::NodeMixin#del deletes the node and all its relationships.
|
498
|
-
The org.neo4j.graphdb.Node#delete (which is created by Neo4j::Node.new) will raise an exception if not all relationships are already deleted.
|
499
|
-
|
500
|
-
|
501
|
-
=== Node and Relationship Identity
|
502
|
-
|
503
|
-
Each node has an unique identity (neo_id) which can be used for loading the node:
|
504
|
-
|
505
|
-
id = Neo4j::Node.new.neo_id
|
506
|
-
Neo4j.load_node(id) # will return the node that was created above
|
507
|
-
|
508
|
-
And for relationships:
|
509
|
-
|
510
|
-
rel = Neo4j::Node.new.add_rel(:some_relationship_type, Neo4j::Node.new)
|
511
|
-
id = rel.neo_id
|
512
|
-
# Load the node
|
513
|
-
Neo4j.load_rel(id) # will return the relationship (rel) that was created above
|
514
|
-
|
515
|
-
=== Node Properties
|
516
|
-
|
517
|
-
In order to use properties they have to be declared first
|
518
|
-
|
519
|
-
class MyNode
|
520
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
521
|
-
property :foo, :bar
|
522
|
-
end
|
523
|
-
|
524
|
-
These properties (foo and bar) will be stored in the Neo database.
|
525
|
-
You can set those properties:
|
526
|
-
|
527
|
-
# create a node with two properties in one transaction
|
528
|
-
node = MyNode.new { |n|
|
529
|
-
n.foo = 123
|
530
|
-
n.bar = 3.14
|
531
|
-
}
|
532
|
-
|
533
|
-
# access those properties
|
534
|
-
puts node.foo
|
535
|
-
|
536
|
-
|
537
|
-
You can also set a property like this:
|
538
|
-
|
539
|
-
f = SomeNode.new
|
540
|
-
f.foo = 123
|
541
|
-
|
542
|
-
Neo4j.rb supports properties to by of type String, Fixnum, Float and true/false
|
543
|
-
|
544
|
-
=== Property Types and Marshalling
|
545
|
-
|
546
|
-
If you want to set a property of a different type then String, Fixnum, Float or true/false
|
547
|
-
you have to specify its type.
|
548
|
-
|
549
|
-
Example, to set a property to any type
|
550
|
-
|
551
|
-
class MyNode
|
552
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
553
|
-
property :foo, :type => Object
|
554
|
-
end
|
555
|
-
|
556
|
-
|
557
|
-
node = MyNode.new
|
558
|
-
node.foo = [1,"3", 3.14]
|
559
|
-
|
560
|
-
Neo4j.load_node(node.neo_id).foo.class # => Array
|
561
|
-
|
562
|
-
|
563
|
-
=== Property of type Date and DateTime
|
564
|
-
|
565
|
-
Example of using Date queries:
|
566
|
-
|
567
|
-
class MyNode
|
568
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
569
|
-
property :born, :type => Date
|
570
|
-
index :born, :type => Date
|
571
|
-
end
|
572
|
-
|
573
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.run do
|
574
|
-
node = MyNode.new
|
575
|
-
node.born = Date.new 2008, 05, 06
|
576
|
-
end
|
577
|
-
|
578
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.run do
|
579
|
-
MyNode.find("born:[20080427 TO 20100203]")[0].born # => Date
|
580
|
-
end
|
581
|
-
|
582
|
-
Example of using DateTime queries:
|
583
|
-
|
584
|
-
class MyNode
|
585
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
586
|
-
property :since, :type => DateTime
|
587
|
-
index :since, :type => DateTime
|
588
|
-
end
|
589
|
-
|
590
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.run do
|
591
|
-
node = MyNode.new
|
592
|
-
node.since = DateTime.civil 2008, 04, 27, 15, 25, 59
|
593
|
-
end
|
594
|
-
|
595
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.run do
|
596
|
-
MyNode.find("since:[200804271504 TO 201002031534]")[0].since # => DateTime
|
597
|
-
end
|
598
|
-
|
599
|
-
Only UTC timezone is allowed.
|
600
|
-
Notice that the query must be performed in a new transaction.
|
601
|
-
|
602
|
-
=== Finding all nodes
|
603
|
-
|
604
|
-
To find all nodes use the Neo4j#all_nodes method.
|
605
|
-
|
606
|
-
Example
|
607
|
-
|
608
|
-
Neo4j.all_nodes{|node| puts node}
|
609
|
-
|
610
|
-
=== Declared Relationships
|
611
|
-
|
612
|
-
Neo relationships are asymmetrical. That means that if A has a relationship to B
|
613
|
-
then it may not be true that B has a relationship to A.
|
614
|
-
|
615
|
-
Relationships can be declared by using 'has_n', 'has_one' or 'has_list' Neo4j::RelClassMethods methods (included in the Neo4j::NodeMixin).
|
616
|
-
|
617
|
-
This methods generates accessor methods for relationships.
|
618
|
-
By using those accessor methods we do no longer need to know which direction to navigate in the relationship.
|
619
|
-
There are accessor methods for both relationships and nodes.
|
620
|
-
|
621
|
-
The 'has_n', 'has_one' or 'has_list' Neo4j::RelClassMethods methods returns a Neo4j::Relationships::DeclRelationshipDsl.
|
622
|
-
|
623
|
-
=== has_n
|
624
|
-
|
625
|
-
The Neo4j::NodeMixin#has_n class method (see Neo4j::RelClassMethods#has_n) creates a new instance method that can
|
626
|
-
be used for both traversing and adding new objects to a specific relationship type.
|
627
|
-
The has_n method returns a DSL object Neo4j::Relationships::DeclRelationshipDsl
|
628
|
-
|
629
|
-
For example, let say that Person can have a relationship to any other node class with the type 'friends':
|
630
|
-
|
631
|
-
class Person
|
632
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
633
|
-
has_n :knows # will generate a knows method for outgoing relationships
|
634
|
-
end
|
635
|
-
|
636
|
-
The generated knows method will allow you to add new relationships, example:
|
637
|
-
|
638
|
-
me = Person.new
|
639
|
-
neo = Person.new
|
640
|
-
me.knows << neo # me knows neo but neo does not know me
|
641
|
-
|
642
|
-
You can add any object to the 'knows' relationship as long as it
|
643
|
-
includes the Neo4j::NodeMixin or is an org.neo4j.core.api.Node object, example:
|
644
|
-
|
645
|
-
person = Person.new
|
646
|
-
another_node = Neo4j::Node.new
|
647
|
-
person.knows << another_node
|
648
|
-
|
649
|
-
person.knows.include?(another_node) # => true
|
650
|
-
|
651
|
-
==== has_n to an outgoing class
|
652
|
-
|
653
|
-
If you want to express that the relationship should point to a specific class
|
654
|
-
use the 'to' method on the has_n method.
|
655
|
-
(It's still possible to add any nodes to the relationship - no validation is performed)
|
656
|
-
|
657
|
-
class Person
|
658
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
659
|
-
has_n(:knows).to(Person)
|
660
|
-
end
|
661
|
-
|
662
|
-
The difference between specifying a 'to' class and not doing that is that Neo4j.rb will create relationships of type
|
663
|
-
'Person#knows'.
|
664
|
-
|
665
|
-
Example:
|
666
|
-
a = Person.new
|
667
|
-
b = Neo4j::Node.new
|
668
|
-
a.knows << b
|
669
|
-
|
670
|
-
# is the same as
|
671
|
-
a.add_rel('Person#knows', b)
|
672
|
-
|
673
|
-
The given class 'Person' will act like a name space for the relationship 'knows'.
|
674
|
-
|
675
|
-
==== has_n from an incoming class
|
676
|
-
|
677
|
-
It's also possible to generate methods for incoming relationships by using the
|
678
|
-
'from' method on the has_n method.
|
679
|
-
|
680
|
-
Example:
|
681
|
-
class Person
|
682
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
683
|
-
has_n :knows # will generate a knows method for outgoing relationships
|
684
|
-
has_n(:known_by).from(Person, :knows) # will generate a known_by method for incoming knows relationship
|
685
|
-
end
|
686
|
-
|
687
|
-
In the example above we can find outgoing nodes using the 'knows' method and incoming relationships using the 'known_by' method.
|
688
|
-
|
689
|
-
Example:
|
690
|
-
|
691
|
-
person = Person.new
|
692
|
-
other_person = Person.new
|
693
|
-
person.knows << other_person
|
694
|
-
other_person.known_by.include?(person) # => true
|
695
|
-
|
696
|
-
You can also add a relationships on either the incoming or outgoing node.
|
697
|
-
The from method can also take an additional class parameter if it has incoming nodes
|
698
|
-
from a different node class (see the Actor-Role-Movie example at the top of this document).
|
699
|
-
|
700
|
-
Example of adding a 'knows' relationship from the other node:
|
701
|
-
|
702
|
-
me = Person.new
|
703
|
-
neo = Person.new
|
704
|
-
neo.known_by << me
|
705
|
-
|
706
|
-
# me knows neo but neo does not know me
|
707
|
-
me.knows.include?(neo) # => true
|
708
|
-
neo.knows.include?(me) # => false
|
709
|
-
|
710
|
-
The known_by method creates a 'knows' relationship between the me and neo nodes.
|
711
|
-
This is the same as doing:
|
712
|
-
|
713
|
-
me.knows << neo # me knows neo but neo does not know me
|
714
|
-
|
715
|
-
==== has_n from an incoming class with 'namespace'
|
716
|
-
|
717
|
-
In the example above we only provided the parameter :knows for the from method. That means that incoming relationship of type 'knows' will
|
718
|
-
be accessible with the known_by method.
|
719
|
-
The following many-to-many example demonstrates how to specify a from class.
|
720
|
-
|
721
|
-
class Product
|
722
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
723
|
-
has_n(:orders).to(Order)
|
724
|
-
end
|
725
|
-
|
726
|
-
class Order
|
727
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
728
|
-
has_n(:products).from(Product, :orders)
|
729
|
-
end
|
730
|
-
|
731
|
-
Then you can add an order on the Product object or add an Product on the Order object.
|
732
|
-
|
733
|
-
p = Product.new
|
734
|
-
o = Order.new
|
735
|
-
o.products << p
|
736
|
-
|
737
|
-
Which is the same as
|
738
|
-
|
739
|
-
p = Product.new
|
740
|
-
o = Order.new
|
741
|
-
p.orders << o
|
742
|
-
|
743
|
-
Notice that we must provide the class name of the from method since we use the 'namespace' Order for the outgoing orders relationship.
|
744
|
-
|
745
|
-
==== Accessing Declared Relationships
|
746
|
-
|
747
|
-
Neo4j.rb generates methods for accessing declared relationship.
|
748
|
-
Example, let say that class Product declares a relationship 'order' to class Order.
|
749
|
-
|
750
|
-
class Product
|
751
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
752
|
-
has_n(:orders).to(Order)
|
753
|
-
end
|
754
|
-
|
755
|
-
To access the relationships between Product and Order without specifying the 'Order#' namespace
|
756
|
-
one can use the '<rel type>_rels' method.
|
757
|
-
|
758
|
-
Example:
|
759
|
-
|
760
|
-
product = Product.new
|
761
|
-
order = Order.new
|
762
|
-
product.orders << order
|
763
|
-
prod_order_relationship = product.orders_rels.first
|
764
|
-
prod_order_relationship.start_node # => product
|
765
|
-
prod_order_relationship.end_node # => order
|
766
|
-
|
767
|
-
For a has_one relationship the '<rel type>_rel' method will be generated instead.
|
768
|
-
This work for both incoming and outgoing nodes.
|
769
|
-
|
770
|
-
=== Relationship has_one
|
771
|
-
|
772
|
-
Example: A person can have at most one Address
|
773
|
-
|
774
|
-
class Address; end
|
775
|
-
|
776
|
-
class Person
|
777
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
778
|
-
has_one(:address).to(Address)
|
779
|
-
end
|
780
|
-
|
781
|
-
class Address
|
782
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
783
|
-
property :city, :road
|
784
|
-
has_n(:people).from(Person, :address)
|
785
|
-
end
|
786
|
-
|
787
|
-
In the example above we have Neo4j.rb will generate the following methods
|
788
|
-
* in Person, the method ''address='' and ''address''
|
789
|
-
* in Address, the traversal method ''people'' for traversing incoming relationships from the Person node.
|
790
|
-
|
791
|
-
Example of usage:
|
792
|
-
|
793
|
-
p = Person.new
|
794
|
-
p.address = Address.new
|
795
|
-
p.address.city = 'malmoe'
|
796
|
-
p.address.people.include?(p) # => true
|
797
|
-
|
798
|
-
Or from the incoming ''address'' relationship
|
799
|
-
|
800
|
-
a = Address.new {|n| n.city = 'malmoe'}
|
801
|
-
a.people << Person.new
|
802
|
-
a.people.first.address # => a
|
803
|
-
|
804
|
-
For more documentation see the Neo4j::RelClassMethods#has_one.
|
805
|
-
|
806
|
-
=== Relationship has_list
|
807
|
-
The has_n relationship will not maintain the order of when items are inserted to the relationship.
|
808
|
-
If order should be preserved then use the has_list class method instead.
|
809
|
-
|
810
|
-
Example
|
811
|
-
|
812
|
-
class Company
|
813
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
814
|
-
has_list :employees
|
815
|
-
end
|
816
|
-
|
817
|
-
company = Company.new
|
818
|
-
company.employees << employee1 << employee2
|
819
|
-
|
820
|
-
# prints first employee2 and then employee1
|
821
|
-
company.employees.each {|employee| puts employee.name}
|
822
|
-
|
823
|
-
If the optional parameter :size is given then the list will contain a size counter.
|
824
|
-
|
825
|
-
Example
|
826
|
-
|
827
|
-
class Company
|
828
|
-
has_list :employees, :counter => true
|
829
|
-
end
|
830
|
-
|
831
|
-
company = Company.new
|
832
|
-
company.employees << employee1 << employee2
|
833
|
-
company.employees.size # => 2
|
834
|
-
|
835
|
-
For more documentation see the Neo4j::RelClassMethods#has_list.
|
836
|
-
|
837
|
-
==== Deleted List Items
|
838
|
-
|
839
|
-
The list will be updated if an item is deleted in a list.
|
840
|
-
Example:
|
841
|
-
|
842
|
-
company = Company.new
|
843
|
-
company.employees << employee1 << employee2 << employee3
|
844
|
-
company.employees.size # => 3
|
845
|
-
|
846
|
-
employee2.del
|
847
|
-
|
848
|
-
company.employees.to_a # => [employee1, employee3]
|
849
|
-
company.employees.size # => 2
|
850
|
-
|
851
|
-
==== Memberships in lists
|
852
|
-
|
853
|
-
Each node in a list knows which lists it belongs to, and the next and previous item in the list
|
854
|
-
Example:
|
855
|
-
|
856
|
-
employee1.list(:employees).prev # => employee2
|
857
|
-
employee2.list(:employees).next # => employee1
|
858
|
-
employee1.list(:employees).size # => 3 # the size counter is available if the :counter parameter is given as shown above
|
859
|
-
|
860
|
-
|
861
|
-
(The list method takes an optional extra parameter - the list node. Needed if one node is member of more then one list with the same name).
|
862
|
-
|
863
|
-
=== Cascade delete
|
864
|
-
|
865
|
-
The has_one, has_n and has_list all support cascade delete.
|
866
|
-
There are two types of cascade delete - incoming and outgoing.
|
867
|
-
For an outgoing cascade delete the members (of the has_one/has_n/has_list) will all be deleted when the
|
868
|
-
'root' node is deleted. For incoming cascade the 'root' node will be deleted when all its members are deleted.
|
869
|
-
|
870
|
-
Example, outgoing
|
871
|
-
|
872
|
-
class Person
|
873
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
874
|
-
has_list :phone_nbr, :cascade_delete => :outgoing
|
875
|
-
end
|
876
|
-
|
877
|
-
p = Person.new
|
878
|
-
phone1 = Neo4j::Node.new
|
879
|
-
phone1[:number] = '+46123456789'
|
880
|
-
p.phone_nbr << phone1
|
881
|
-
p.phone_nbr << phone2
|
882
|
-
|
883
|
-
p.del
|
884
|
-
|
885
|
-
# then phone1 and phone2 node will also be deleted.
|
886
|
-
|
887
|
-
Example, incoming
|
888
|
-
|
889
|
-
class Phone
|
890
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
891
|
-
has_list :people, :cascade_delete => :incoming # a list of people having this phone number
|
892
|
-
end
|
893
|
-
|
894
|
-
phone1 = Phone.new
|
895
|
-
p1 = Person.new
|
896
|
-
p2 = person.new
|
897
|
-
phone1.people << p1
|
898
|
-
phone1.people << p2
|
899
|
-
|
900
|
-
p1.del
|
901
|
-
p2.del
|
902
|
-
|
903
|
-
# then phone1 will be deleted
|
904
|
-
|
905
|
-
|
906
|
-
=== Finding all nodes
|
907
|
-
|
908
|
-
To find all nodes of a specific type use the all method.
|
909
|
-
|
910
|
-
Example
|
911
|
-
|
912
|
-
require 'neo4j/extensions/reindexer'
|
913
|
-
|
914
|
-
class Car
|
915
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
916
|
-
property :wheels
|
917
|
-
end
|
918
|
-
|
919
|
-
class Volvo < Car
|
920
|
-
end
|
921
|
-
|
922
|
-
v = Volvo.new
|
923
|
-
c = Car.new
|
924
|
-
|
925
|
-
Car.all # will return all relationships from the reference node to car objects
|
926
|
-
Volvo.all # will return the same as Car.all
|
927
|
-
|
928
|
-
To return nodes (just like the relationships method)
|
929
|
-
|
930
|
-
Car.all.nodes # => [c,v]
|
931
|
-
Volvo.all.nodes # => [v]
|
932
|
-
|
933
|
-
|
934
|
-
The reindexer extension that is used in the example above will for each created node create a relationship
|
935
|
-
from the index node (Neo4j#ref_node.relationships.outgoing(:index_node)) to that new node.
|
936
|
-
The all method use these relationships in order to return nodes of a certain class.
|
937
|
-
The update_index method also uses this all method in order to update index for all nodes of a specific class.
|
938
|
-
|
939
|
-
=== Traversing Relationships
|
940
|
-
|
941
|
-
Each type of relationship has a method that returns an Enumerable object that enables you
|
942
|
-
to traverse that type of relationship.
|
943
|
-
|
944
|
-
For example the Person example above declares one relationship of type friends.
|
945
|
-
You can traverse all Person's friends (depth 1 is default)
|
946
|
-
|
947
|
-
f.friends.each { |n| puts n }
|
948
|
-
|
949
|
-
It is also possible to traverse a relationship of an arbitrary depth.
|
950
|
-
Example finding all friends and friends friends.
|
951
|
-
|
952
|
-
f.friends.depth(2).each { ...}
|
953
|
-
|
954
|
-
Traversing to the end of the graph
|
955
|
-
|
956
|
-
f.friends.depth(:all).each { ...}
|
957
|
-
|
958
|
-
==== Filtering Nodes
|
959
|
-
|
960
|
-
If you want to find one node in a relationship you can use a filter.
|
961
|
-
Example, let say we want to find a friend with name 'andreas'
|
962
|
-
|
963
|
-
n1 = Person.new
|
964
|
-
n2 = Person.new :name => 'andreas'
|
965
|
-
n3 = Person.new
|
966
|
-
n1.friends << n2 << n3
|
967
|
-
n1.friends{ name == 'andreas' }.to_a # => [n2]
|
968
|
-
|
969
|
-
The block { name == 'andreas' } will be evaluated on each node in the relationship.
|
970
|
-
If the evaluation returns true the node will be included in the filter search result.
|
971
|
-
|
972
|
-
=== Traversing Nodes
|
973
|
-
|
974
|
-
The Neo4j::NodeMixin#incoming and Neo4j::NodeMixin#outgoing method are a more powerful methods compared to the
|
975
|
-
generated has_n and has_one methods. Unlike the generated methods it can
|
976
|
-
traverse several relationship types at the same time. The types of relationships
|
977
|
-
being traversed must therefore always be specified in the incoming, outgoing or both method.
|
978
|
-
The three methods can take one or more relationship types parameters
|
979
|
-
if more than one type of relationship should be traversed.
|
980
|
-
|
981
|
-
==== Traversing Nodes of Arbitrary Depth
|
982
|
-
|
983
|
-
The depth method allows you to specify how deep the traversal should be.
|
984
|
-
If not specified, only one level is traversed.
|
985
|
-
|
986
|
-
Example:
|
987
|
-
|
988
|
-
me.incoming(:friends).depth(4).each {} # => people with a friend relationship to me
|
989
|
-
|
990
|
-
==== Traversing Nodes With Several Relationship Types
|
991
|
-
|
992
|
-
It is possible to traverse several relationship types at the same type.
|
993
|
-
The incoming, both and outgoing methods takes a list of arguments.
|
994
|
-
|
995
|
-
Example, given the following holiday trip domain:
|
996
|
-
|
997
|
-
# A location contains a hierarchy of other locations
|
998
|
-
# Example region (asia) contains countries which contains cities etc...
|
999
|
-
class Location
|
1000
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1001
|
-
has_n :contains
|
1002
|
-
has_n :trips
|
1003
|
-
property :name
|
1004
|
-
index :name
|
1005
|
-
|
1006
|
-
# A Trip can be specific for one global area, such as "see all of sweden" or
|
1007
|
-
# local such as a 'city tour of malmoe'
|
1008
|
-
class Trip
|
1009
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1010
|
-
property :name
|
1011
|
-
end
|
1012
|
-
|
1013
|
-
# create all nodes
|
1014
|
-
# ...
|
1015
|
-
|
1016
|
-
# setup the relationship between all nodes
|
1017
|
-
@europe.contains << @sweden << @denmark
|
1018
|
-
@sweden.contains << @malmoe << @stockholm
|
1019
|
-
|
1020
|
-
@sweden.trips << @sweden_trip
|
1021
|
-
@malmoe.trips << @malmoe_trip
|
1022
|
-
@malmoe.trips << @city_tour
|
1023
|
-
@stockholm.trips << @city_tour # the same city tour is available both in malmoe and stockholm
|
1024
|
-
|
1025
|
-
Then we can traverse both the contains and the trips relationship types.
|
1026
|
-
Example:
|
1027
|
-
@sweden.outgoing(:contains, :trips).to_a # => [@malmoe, @stockholm, @sweden_trip]
|
1028
|
-
|
1029
|
-
It is also possible to traverse both incoming and outgoing relationships, example:
|
1030
|
-
|
1031
|
-
@sweden.outgoing(:contains, :trips).incoming(:contains).to_a # => [@malmoe, @stockholm, @sweden_trip, @europe]
|
1032
|
-
|
1033
|
-
==== Traversing Nodes With a Filter
|
1034
|
-
|
1035
|
-
It's possible to filter which nodes should be returned from the traverser by
|
1036
|
-
using the filter function. This filter function will be evaluated differently
|
1037
|
-
depending the number of arguments it takes, see below.
|
1038
|
-
|
1039
|
-
==== Filtering: Using Evaluation in the Context of the Current Node
|
1040
|
-
If the provided filter function does not take any parameter it will be evaluated in the context
|
1041
|
-
of the current node being traversed.
|
1042
|
-
That means that one can writer filter functions like this:
|
1043
|
-
|
1044
|
-
@sweden.outgoing(:contains, :trips).filter { name == 'sweden' }
|
1045
|
-
|
1046
|
-
==== Filtering: Using the TraversalPostion
|
1047
|
-
If the filter method takes one parameter then it will be given an object of type
|
1048
|
-
TraversalPosition which contains information about current node, how many nodes
|
1049
|
-
has been returned, depth etc.
|
1050
|
-
|
1051
|
-
The information contained in the TraversalPostion can be used in order to decide if the node should be included in the traversal search result.
|
1052
|
-
If the provided block returns true then the node will be included in the search result.
|
1053
|
-
|
1054
|
-
The filter function will not be evaluated in the context of the current node when this parameter is provided.
|
1055
|
-
|
1056
|
-
The TraversalPosition is a thin wrapper around the java interface TraversalPosition, see
|
1057
|
-
http://api.neo4j.org/current/org/neo4j/api/core/TraversalPosition.html
|
1058
|
-
|
1059
|
-
For example if we only want to return the Trip objects in the example above:
|
1060
|
-
|
1061
|
-
# notice how the tp (TraversalPosition) parameter is used in order to only
|
1062
|
-
# return nodes included in a 'trips' relationship.
|
1063
|
-
traverser = @sweden.outgoing(:contains, :trips).filter do |tp|
|
1064
|
-
tp.last_relationship_traversed.relationship_type == :trips
|
1065
|
-
end
|
1066
|
-
|
1067
|
-
traverser.to_a # => [@sweden_trip]
|
1068
|
-
|
1069
|
-
=== Relationships
|
1070
|
-
|
1071
|
-
A relationship between two nodes can have properties just like a node.
|
1072
|
-
|
1073
|
-
Example:
|
1074
|
-
|
1075
|
-
p1 = Person.new
|
1076
|
-
p2 = Person.new
|
1077
|
-
|
1078
|
-
relationship = p1.friends.new(p2)
|
1079
|
-
|
1080
|
-
# set a property 'since' on this relationship between p1 and p2
|
1081
|
-
relationship.since = 1992
|
1082
|
-
|
1083
|
-
If a Relationship class has not been specified for a relationship then any properties
|
1084
|
-
can be set on the relationship. It has a default relationship class: Neo4j::Relationships::Relationship
|
1085
|
-
|
1086
|
-
If you instead want to use your own class for a relationship use the
|
1087
|
-
Neo4j::NodeMixin#has_n.relationship method, example:
|
1088
|
-
|
1089
|
-
class Role
|
1090
|
-
# This class can be used as the relationship between two nodes
|
1091
|
-
# since it includes the following mixin
|
1092
|
-
include Neo4j::RelationMixin
|
1093
|
-
property :name
|
1094
|
-
end
|
1095
|
-
|
1096
|
-
class Actor
|
1097
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1098
|
-
# use the Role class above in the relationship between Actor and Movie
|
1099
|
-
has_n(:acted_in).to(Movie).relationship(Role)
|
1100
|
-
end
|
1101
|
-
|
1102
|
-
|
1103
|
-
=== Finding Relationships
|
1104
|
-
|
1105
|
-
The Neo4j::NodeMixin#relationships method can be used to find incoming or outgoing relationship objects.
|
1106
|
-
Example of listing all types of outgoing (default) relationship objects (of depth one) from the me node.
|
1107
|
-
|
1108
|
-
me.relationships.each {|rel| ... }
|
1109
|
-
|
1110
|
-
If we instead want to list the nodes that those relationships points to then the nodes method can be used.
|
1111
|
-
|
1112
|
-
me.rels.nodes.each {|rel| ... }
|
1113
|
-
|
1114
|
-
Listing all incoming relationship objects of any relationship type:
|
1115
|
-
|
1116
|
-
me.rels.incoming.each { ... }
|
1117
|
-
|
1118
|
-
Listing both incoming and outgoing relationship object of a specific type:
|
1119
|
-
|
1120
|
-
me.rels.both(:friends) { }
|
1121
|
-
|
1122
|
-
Finding one outgoing relationship of a specific type and node (you)
|
1123
|
-
|
1124
|
-
me.rels.outgoing(:friends)[you] # => [#<Neo4j::RelationshipMixin:0x134ae32]
|
1125
|
-
|
1126
|
-
|
1127
|
-
==== Finding Relationships Example
|
1128
|
-
|
1129
|
-
Example, given we have the two nodes with a relationship between them:
|
1130
|
-
|
1131
|
-
n1 = Person.new
|
1132
|
-
n2 = Person.new
|
1133
|
-
|
1134
|
-
n1.friends << n2
|
1135
|
-
|
1136
|
-
Then we can find all incoming and outgoing relationships like this:
|
1137
|
-
|
1138
|
-
n1.rels.to_a # => [#<Neo4j::RelationshipMixin:0x134ae32]
|
1139
|
-
|
1140
|
-
A Neo4j::RelationshipMixin object represents a relationship between two nodes.
|
1141
|
-
|
1142
|
-
n1.rels[0].start_node # => n1
|
1143
|
-
n1.rels[0].end_node # => n2
|
1144
|
-
|
1145
|
-
A RelationshipMixin contains the relationship type which connects the two nodes
|
1146
|
-
|
1147
|
-
n1.rels[0].relationship_type # => :friends
|
1148
|
-
|
1149
|
-
Relationships can also have properties just like a node (NodeMixin).
|
1150
|
-
|
1151
|
-
=== Finding outgoing and incoming relationships
|
1152
|
-
|
1153
|
-
If we are only interested in all incoming nodes, we can do
|
1154
|
-
|
1155
|
-
n2.rels.incoming # => [#<Neo4j::RelationshipMixin:0x134aea2]
|
1156
|
-
|
1157
|
-
Or outgoing:
|
1158
|
-
|
1159
|
-
n1.rels.outgoing # => [#<Neo4j::RelationshipMixin:0x134aea2]
|
1160
|
-
|
1161
|
-
To find a specific relationship use the [] operator:
|
1162
|
-
|
1163
|
-
n1.rels.outgoing[n2] = #<Neo4j::RelationshipMixin:0x134aea2
|
1164
|
-
|
1165
|
-
Or which is better performance wise (since only friends relationships are being traversed):
|
1166
|
-
|
1167
|
-
n1.rels.outgoing(:friends)[n2] = #<Neo4j::RelationshipMixin:0x134aea2
|
1168
|
-
|
1169
|
-
=== Deleting a relationship
|
1170
|
-
|
1171
|
-
Use the Neo4j::RelationshipMixin#delete method.
|
1172
|
-
For example, to delete the relationship between n1 and n2 from the example above:
|
1173
|
-
|
1174
|
-
n1.rels.outgoing(:friends)[n2].delete
|
1175
|
-
|
1176
|
-
=== Finding nodes in a relationship
|
1177
|
-
|
1178
|
-
If you do not want the relationship object, but just the nodes you can use the 'nodes' method
|
1179
|
-
in the Neo4j::RelationshipMixin object.
|
1180
|
-
|
1181
|
-
For example:
|
1182
|
-
|
1183
|
-
n2.rels.incoming.nodes # => [n1]
|
1184
|
-
|
1185
|
-
=== Finding outgoing/incoming nodes of a specific relationship type
|
1186
|
-
|
1187
|
-
Let say we want to find who has my phone number and who consider me as a friend
|
1188
|
-
|
1189
|
-
# who has my phone numbers
|
1190
|
-
me.rels.incoming(:phone_numbers).nodes # => people with my phone numbers
|
1191
|
-
|
1192
|
-
# who consider me as a friend
|
1193
|
-
me.rels.incoming(:friends).nodes # => people with a friend relationship to me
|
1194
|
-
|
1195
|
-
Remember that relationships are not symmetrical.
|
1196
|
-
Notice that, there is also another way of finding nodes, see the Neo4j::NodeMixin#traverse method below.
|
1197
|
-
|
1198
|
-
=== Transactions
|
1199
|
-
|
1200
|
-
All operations that work with the node space (even read operations) must be wrapped in a transaction.
|
1201
|
-
For example all get, set and find operations will start a new transaction if none is already not running (for that thread).
|
1202
|
-
|
1203
|
-
If you want to perform a set of operation in a single transaction, use the Neo4j::Transaction.run method:
|
1204
|
-
|
1205
|
-
Example
|
1206
|
-
|
1207
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.run {
|
1208
|
-
node1.foo = "value"
|
1209
|
-
node2.bar = "hi"
|
1210
|
-
}
|
1211
|
-
|
1212
|
-
There is also a auto commit feature available which is enabled by requiring 'neo4j/auto_tx' instead of 'neo4j',
|
1213
|
-
see the three minutes tutorial above.
|
1214
|
-
|
1215
|
-
You can also run it without a block, like this:
|
1216
|
-
|
1217
|
-
transaction = Neo4j::Transaction.new
|
1218
|
-
transaction.start
|
1219
|
-
# do something
|
1220
|
-
transaction.finish
|
1221
|
-
|
1222
|
-
==== Rollback
|
1223
|
-
|
1224
|
-
Neo4j support rollbacks on transaction. Example:
|
1225
|
-
Example:
|
1226
|
-
|
1227
|
-
include 'neo4j'
|
1228
|
-
|
1229
|
-
node = MyNode.new
|
1230
|
-
|
1231
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.run { |t|
|
1232
|
-
node.foo = "hej"
|
1233
|
-
# something failed so we signal for a failure
|
1234
|
-
t.failure # will cause a rollback, node.foo will not be updated
|
1235
|
-
}
|
1236
|
-
|
1237
|
-
|
1238
|
-
=== Indexing
|
1239
|
-
|
1240
|
-
Properties and relationships which should be indexed by Lucene can be specified by the index class method.
|
1241
|
-
For example to index the properties foo and bar
|
1242
|
-
|
1243
|
-
class SomeNode
|
1244
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1245
|
-
property :foo, :bar
|
1246
|
-
index :foo, :bar
|
1247
|
-
end
|
1248
|
-
|
1249
|
-
Every time a node of type SomeNode (or a subclass) is created, deleted or updated the Lucene index will be updated.
|
1250
|
-
|
1251
|
-
=== Reindexing
|
1252
|
-
|
1253
|
-
Sometimes it's necessarily to change the index of a class after a lot of node instances already have been created.
|
1254
|
-
To delete an index use the class method 'remove_index'
|
1255
|
-
To update an index use the class method 'update_index' which will update all already created nodes in the Neo database.
|
1256
|
-
|
1257
|
-
Example:
|
1258
|
-
|
1259
|
-
require 'neo4j'
|
1260
|
-
require 'neo4j/extensions/reindexer' # needed for the update_index method
|
1261
|
-
class Person
|
1262
|
-
include Neo4j
|
1263
|
-
property :name, :age, :phone
|
1264
|
-
index :name, :age
|
1265
|
-
end
|
1266
|
-
|
1267
|
-
p1 = Person.new :name => 'andreas', :phone => 123
|
1268
|
-
Person.find (:name => 'andreas') # => [p1]
|
1269
|
-
Person.find (:phone => 123) # => []
|
1270
|
-
|
1271
|
-
# change index and reindex all person nodes already created in the Neo database.
|
1272
|
-
Person.remove_index :name
|
1273
|
-
Person.index :phone # add an index on phone
|
1274
|
-
Person.update_index
|
1275
|
-
|
1276
|
-
Person.find (:name => 'andreas') # => []
|
1277
|
-
Person.find (:phone => 123) # => [p1]
|
1278
|
-
|
1279
|
-
In order to use the update_index method you must include the reindexer neo4j.rb extension.
|
1280
|
-
This extension will keep a relationship to each created node so that it later can recreate
|
1281
|
-
the index by traversing those relationships.
|
1282
|
-
|
1283
|
-
=== Updating Lucene Index
|
1284
|
-
|
1285
|
-
The Lucene index will be updated after the transaction commits. It is not possible to
|
1286
|
-
query for something that has been created inside the same transaction as where the query is performed.
|
1287
|
-
|
1288
|
-
=== Querying (using Lucene)
|
1289
|
-
|
1290
|
-
You can declare properties to be indexed by Lucene by the index method:
|
1291
|
-
|
1292
|
-
Example
|
1293
|
-
|
1294
|
-
class Person
|
1295
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1296
|
-
property :name, :age
|
1297
|
-
index :name, :age
|
1298
|
-
end
|
1299
|
-
|
1300
|
-
node = Person.new
|
1301
|
-
node.name = 'foo'
|
1302
|
-
node.age = 42
|
1303
|
-
|
1304
|
-
|
1305
|
-
Person.find(:name => 'foo', :age => 42) # => [node]
|
1306
|
-
|
1307
|
-
The query parameter (like property on a Neo4j::NodeMixin) can be of type String, Fixnum, Float, boolean or Range.
|
1308
|
-
The query above can also be written in a Lucene query DSL:
|
1309
|
-
|
1310
|
-
Person.find{(name =='foo') & (age => 42)} # => [node]
|
1311
|
-
|
1312
|
-
Or Lucene query language:
|
1313
|
-
|
1314
|
-
Person.find("name:foo AND age:42")
|
1315
|
-
|
1316
|
-
For more information see: http://lucene.apache.org/java/2_4_0/queryparsersyntax.html or the Lucene module above.
|
1317
|
-
|
1318
|
-
|
1319
|
-
=== Indexing and Property Types
|
1320
|
-
|
1321
|
-
In order to use range query on numbers the property types must be converted.
|
1322
|
-
This is done by using the :type optional parameter:
|
1323
|
-
|
1324
|
-
class Person
|
1325
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1326
|
-
property :name, :age
|
1327
|
-
index :age, :type => Fixnum
|
1328
|
-
end
|
1329
|
-
|
1330
|
-
By using :type => Fixnum the age will be padded with '0's (Lucene only support string comparison).
|
1331
|
-
|
1332
|
-
Example, if the :type => Fixnum was not specified then
|
1333
|
-
|
1334
|
-
p = Person.new {|n| n.age = 100 }
|
1335
|
-
Person.find(:age => 0..8) # => [p]
|
1336
|
-
|
1337
|
-
=== Indexing and Querying Relationships
|
1338
|
-
|
1339
|
-
The Neo4j::NodeMixin#index method can be used to index relationships to other classes.
|
1340
|
-
|
1341
|
-
Example, let say we have to classes, Customer and Orders:
|
1342
|
-
|
1343
|
-
class Customer
|
1344
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1345
|
-
|
1346
|
-
property :name
|
1347
|
-
|
1348
|
-
# specifies outgoing relationships to Order
|
1349
|
-
has_n(:orders).to(Order)
|
1350
|
-
|
1351
|
-
# create an index on customer-->order#total_cost
|
1352
|
-
index "orders.total_cost"
|
1353
|
-
end
|
1354
|
-
|
1355
|
-
|
1356
|
-
class Order
|
1357
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1358
|
-
|
1359
|
-
property :total_cost
|
1360
|
-
|
1361
|
-
# specifies one incoming relationship from Customer
|
1362
|
-
has_one(:customer).from(Customer, :orders)
|
1363
|
-
|
1364
|
-
# create an index on the order<--customer#name relationship
|
1365
|
-
index "customer.name"
|
1366
|
-
end
|
1367
|
-
|
1368
|
-
Notice that we can index both incoming and outgoing relationships.
|
1369
|
-
|
1370
|
-
Let's create a customer and one order for that customer
|
1371
|
-
|
1372
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.run do
|
1373
|
-
cust = Customer.new
|
1374
|
-
order = Order.new
|
1375
|
-
cust.name = "kalle"
|
1376
|
-
order.total_cost = "1000"
|
1377
|
-
|
1378
|
-
cust.orders << order
|
1379
|
-
end
|
1380
|
-
|
1381
|
-
Now we can find both Orders with a total cost between 500 and 2000 and Customers with name 'kalle' using Lucene
|
1382
|
-
|
1383
|
-
Example:
|
1384
|
-
|
1385
|
-
customers = Customer.find('orders.total_cost' => 500..2000, 'name' => 'kalle')
|
1386
|
-
|
1387
|
-
Or also possible from the other way:
|
1388
|
-
|
1389
|
-
orders = Order.find('total_cost' => 500..2000, 'customer.name' => 'kalle')
|
1390
|
-
|
1391
|
-
=== Full text search
|
1392
|
-
|
1393
|
-
Neo4j supports full text search by setting the tokenized property to true on an index.
|
1394
|
-
(see JavaDoc for org.apache.lucene.document.Field.Index.ANALYZED).
|
1395
|
-
|
1396
|
-
class Comment
|
1397
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1398
|
-
|
1399
|
-
property :comment
|
1400
|
-
index comment, :tokenized => true
|
1401
|
-
end
|
1402
|
-
|
1403
|
-
=== Keyword searches
|
1404
|
-
|
1405
|
-
If we want to search for exact matches, for example language codes like 'se', 'it' we must make sure
|
1406
|
-
that the Lucene does not filters away stop words like 'it'
|
1407
|
-
|
1408
|
-
class LangCodes
|
1409
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1410
|
-
property :code
|
1411
|
-
index :code, :analyzer => :keyword
|
1412
|
-
end
|
1413
|
-
|
1414
|
-
By using the keyword analyzer (instead of the default StandardAnalyzer) we make sure that Lucene indexes everything.
|
1415
|
-
For more info, see the Lucene chapter below.
|
1416
|
-
|
1417
|
-
=== Unmarshalling
|
1418
|
-
|
1419
|
-
The Neo module will automatically unmarshal nodes to the correct ruby class.
|
1420
|
-
It does this by reading the classname property and loading that ruby class with that node.
|
1421
|
-
If this classname property does not exist it will use the default Neo4j::Node for nodes and
|
1422
|
-
Neo4j::Relationships::Relationship for relationship.
|
1423
|
-
|
1424
|
-
class Person
|
1425
|
-
include Neo4j::Node
|
1426
|
-
|
1427
|
-
def hello
|
1428
|
-
end
|
1429
|
-
end
|
1430
|
-
|
1431
|
-
f1 = Person.new {}
|
1432
|
-
|
1433
|
-
# load the class again
|
1434
|
-
f2 = Neo4j.load_node(foo.neo_id)
|
1435
|
-
|
1436
|
-
# f2 will now be new instance of Person, but will be == f1
|
1437
|
-
f1 == f2 # => true
|
1438
|
-
|
1439
|
-
=== Reference node
|
1440
|
-
|
1441
|
-
There is one node that can always be found - the reference node, Neo4j::ReferenceNode.
|
1442
|
-
Example:
|
1443
|
-
|
1444
|
-
Neo4j.ref_node
|
1445
|
-
|
1446
|
-
This node can have a relationship to the index node (Neo4j::IndexNode), which has relationships to all created nodes.
|
1447
|
-
You can add relationships from this node to your nodes.
|
1448
|
-
|
1449
|
-
== Performance Issues
|
1450
|
-
|
1451
|
-
It is recommended to wrap several Neo4j operations including read operations
|
1452
|
-
in a singe transaction if possible for better performance.
|
1453
|
-
Updating a Lucene index can be slow. A solution to this is to keep the index in memory instead of on disk.
|
1454
|
-
|
1455
|
-
Using raw java nodes (Neo4j::Node) and relationship (Neo4j::Relationship) will also increase performance.
|
1456
|
-
Here is an example how to traverse only using Java objects (instead of Ruby wrappers):
|
1457
|
-
|
1458
|
-
iter = folder.outgoing(:child_folders).raw(true).depth(:all).iterator
|
1459
|
-
iter.hasNext()
|
1460
|
-
|
1461
|
-
The example above gives you access to the raw Java iterator class.
|
1462
|
-
Another way to improve performance is to rewrite the performance critical part of your application in Java and access it from neo4j.rb in JRuby.
|
1463
|
-
Traversing in pure Java is of orders of magnitude faster then doing it in JRuby.
|
1464
|
-
|
1465
|
-
== Migrations
|
1466
|
-
|
1467
|
-
By using migrations you can keep the code and the database in sync. There are two types of migrations : none lazy and lazy.
|
1468
|
-
In a none lazy migration the database is upgraded/downgraded all at once, while in lazy migrations the node/relationship is only upgraded/downgraded
|
1469
|
-
when the node or relationship is loaded.
|
1470
|
-
|
1471
|
-
=== None Lazy Migration
|
1472
|
-
|
1473
|
-
Here is an example of a use case for this feature.
|
1474
|
-
Let say that we already have a database with nodes that have one property 'name'.
|
1475
|
-
Now we want to split that property into two properties: 'surname' and 'given_name'.
|
1476
|
-
We want to upgrade the database when it starts so we don't use the lazy migration feature.
|
1477
|
-
The neo database starts at version 0 by default.
|
1478
|
-
|
1479
|
-
Neo4j.migrate 1, "split name" do
|
1480
|
-
up do
|
1481
|
-
# find all people and change
|
1482
|
-
Person.all.each {|p|
|
1483
|
-
surname = self[:name].split[0]
|
1484
|
-
given_name = self[:name].split[1]
|
1485
|
-
delete_property(:name)
|
1486
|
-
end
|
1487
|
-
|
1488
|
-
down do
|
1489
|
-
Person.all.each {|p|
|
1490
|
-
name = "#{self[:surname]} {self[:given_name]}"
|
1491
|
-
delete_property(:surname)
|
1492
|
-
delete_property(:given_name)
|
1493
|
-
end
|
1494
|
-
end
|
1495
|
-
end
|
1496
|
-
|
1497
|
-
If the code above has been loaded before the neo database starts it will automatically upgrade to version 1 (running all the migrations to the higest migration available).
|
1498
|
-
You can force the neo to go to a specific version by using Neo4j#migrate! method.
|
1499
|
-
For more information see the example/imdb application or the RSpecs.
|
1500
|
-
|
1501
|
-
=== Lazy Migration
|
1502
|
-
|
1503
|
-
The example above can also be run as lazy migration. i.e. perform the upgrade/downgrade when the node is loaded instead of all at once.
|
1504
|
-
The following example demonstrates this feature:
|
1505
|
-
|
1506
|
-
class Person
|
1507
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1508
|
-
include Neo4j::MigrationMixin # you need to include this in order to use lazy migrations
|
1509
|
-
...
|
1510
|
-
end
|
1511
|
-
|
1512
|
-
Person.migration 1, :split_name do
|
1513
|
-
up do
|
1514
|
-
surname = self[:name].split[0]
|
1515
|
-
given_name = self[:name].split[1]
|
1516
|
-
delete_property(:name)
|
1517
|
-
end
|
1518
|
-
|
1519
|
-
down do
|
1520
|
-
name = "self[:given_name] #{self[:surname]}"
|
1521
|
-
delete_property(:surname)
|
1522
|
-
delete_property(:given_name)
|
1523
|
-
end
|
1524
|
-
end
|
1525
|
-
|
1526
|
-
== Batch Insert
|
1527
|
-
|
1528
|
-
Sometimes you need a fast way to insert a lot of data into the database without any transactional support.
|
1529
|
-
Neo4j.rb wrapps the Java BatchInserter API.
|
1530
|
-
|
1531
|
-
Neo4j::BatchInserter.new do |b|
|
1532
|
-
a = Neo4j::Node.new :name => 'a'
|
1533
|
-
b = Neo4j::Node.new :name => 'b'
|
1534
|
-
c = Foo.new :key1 => 'val1', :key2 => 'val2'
|
1535
|
-
Neo4j::Relationship.new(:friend, a, b, :since => '2001-01-01')
|
1536
|
-
end
|
1537
|
-
|
1538
|
-
Creating nodes and relationships inside the code block uses the batch inserter API. Only a limited set of the API for nodes and relationships are available
|
1539
|
-
inside the code block (e.g. traversing is not possible).
|
1540
|
-
|
1541
|
-
If you need lucene indexing you have to wrap your code inside a transaction, since only when the transaction is finished the lucene database will be updated
|
1542
|
-
(the neo4j transaction is disabled). Example:
|
1543
|
-
|
1544
|
-
Neo4j::BatchInserter.new do
|
1545
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.new
|
1546
|
-
foo = Foo98.new
|
1547
|
-
foo.name = 'hej'
|
1548
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.finish # update the lucene index, neo4j transaction is disabled here.
|
1549
|
-
end
|
1550
|
-
|
1551
|
-
To get even better insertion speed one can use the raw java Batch Inserter API: http://wiki.neo4j.org/content/Batch_Insert.
|
1552
|
-
|
1553
|
-
Example:
|
1554
|
-
|
1555
|
-
Neo4j::BatchInserter.new do |b|
|
1556
|
-
b.createNode({'name' => 'me'})
|
1557
|
-
end
|
1558
|
-
|
1559
|
-
Notice that the BatchInserter can be used together with Migrations.
|
1560
|
-
|
1561
|
-
== Extensions: Replication
|
1562
|
-
|
1563
|
-
There is an experimental extension that makes it possible to replicate a Neo4j database to another machine.
|
1564
|
-
For example how to use it see the test/replication/test_master.rb and test_slave.rb
|
1565
|
-
It has only been tested to work with a very simple node space.
|
1566
|
-
|
1567
|
-
== Extension: REST
|
1568
|
-
|
1569
|
-
There is a REST extension to Neo4j.rb.
|
1570
|
-
It requires the following gems
|
1571
|
-
* Sinatra >= 0.9.4
|
1572
|
-
* Rack >= 1.0
|
1573
|
-
* json-jruby >= 1.1.6
|
1574
|
-
|
1575
|
-
For RSpec testing it also needs:
|
1576
|
-
* rack-test
|
1577
|
-
|
1578
|
-
For more information see the examples/rest/example.rb or the examples/admin or Neo4j::RestMixin.
|
1579
|
-
|
1580
|
-
|
1581
|
-
== Extension: find_path
|
1582
|
-
|
1583
|
-
Extension which finds the shortest path (in terms of number of links) between
|
1584
|
-
two nodes. Use something like this:
|
1585
|
-
|
1586
|
-
require 'neo4j/extensions/find_path'
|
1587
|
-
node1.traverse.both(:knows).depth(:all).path_to(node2)
|
1588
|
-
# => [node1, node42, node1234, node256, node2]
|
1589
|
-
|
1590
|
-
This extension is still rather experimental. The algorithm is based on the one
|
1591
|
-
used in the Neo4j Java IMDB example. For more information see Neo4j::Relationships::NodeTraverser#path_to
|
1592
|
-
or the RSpec find_path_spec.rb.
|
1593
|
-
|
1594
|
-
== Extension: graph_algo
|
1595
|
-
|
1596
|
-
This extension uses the Java Neo4j Graph Algo package - http://components.neo4j.org/graph-algo/
|
1597
|
-
Currently only the AllSimplePaths algorithm supported. If you want the
|
1598
|
-
other algorithms you either access the Java methods directly or write a new wrapper (like my AllSimplePath wrapper).
|
1599
|
-
|
1600
|
-
== Ruby on Rails with Neo4j.rb
|
1601
|
-
|
1602
|
-
Neo4j.rb does work nicely with R&R.
|
1603
|
-
There are two ways to use neo4j.rb with rails - embedded or accessing it via REST.
|
1604
|
-
|
1605
|
-
=== Embedded Rails
|
1606
|
-
A complete example of embedding Neo4j with rails can be found http://github.com/andreasronge/neo4j-rails-example/tree/master
|
1607
|
-
(please fork and improve it).
|
1608
|
-
|
1609
|
-
==== Config rails
|
1610
|
-
Config rails to use Neo4j.rb instead of ActiveRecord, edit movies/config/environment.rb
|
1611
|
-
environment.rb:
|
1612
|
-
|
1613
|
-
config.frameworks -= [ :active_record ] #, :active_resource, :action_mailer ]
|
1614
|
-
config.gem "neo4j", :version => "0.3.1" # or the latest one
|
1615
|
-
|
1616
|
-
If you need to reindex all nodes or use the Neo4j::NodeMixin#all method you must require the
|
1617
|
-
reindexer neo4j.rb extension. Add a require in the environment.rb file:
|
1618
|
-
|
1619
|
-
require 'neo4j/extensions/reindexer'
|
1620
|
-
|
1621
|
-
|
1622
|
-
==== Models
|
1623
|
-
Create a new file for each Neo4j node or relationship class
|
1624
|
-
Example for an Actor class create the file: app/models/actor.rb
|
1625
|
-
|
1626
|
-
# filename app/models/actor.rb
|
1627
|
-
class Actor
|
1628
|
-
include Neo4j::NodeMixin
|
1629
|
-
property :name, :phone, :salary
|
1630
|
-
has_n(:acted_in).to(Movie).relationship(Role)
|
1631
|
-
index :name
|
1632
|
-
end
|
1633
|
-
|
1634
|
-
==== Create RESTful routes
|
1635
|
-
Edit the config/routes.rb file
|
1636
|
-
Example:
|
1637
|
-
|
1638
|
-
ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map|
|
1639
|
-
map.resources :actors do |actor|
|
1640
|
-
actor.resources :acted_in
|
1641
|
-
actor.resource :movies, :controller => 'acted_in'
|
1642
|
-
end
|
1643
|
-
|
1644
|
-
==== Create Controllers
|
1645
|
-
|
1646
|
-
Since all Neo4j operations must be wrapped in a transaction, add an around filter for all operations
|
1647
|
-
Example:
|
1648
|
-
|
1649
|
-
acted_in_controller.rb:
|
1650
|
-
|
1651
|
-
class ActedInController < ApplicationController
|
1652
|
-
around_filter :neo_tx
|
1653
|
-
|
1654
|
-
def index
|
1655
|
-
@actor = Neo4j.load_node(params[:actor_id])
|
1656
|
-
@movies = @actor.acted_in.nodes
|
1657
|
-
end
|
1658
|
-
|
1659
|
-
def create
|
1660
|
-
@actor = Neo4j.load_node(params[:actor_id])
|
1661
|
-
@movie = Movie.new
|
1662
|
-
@movie.update(params[:movie])
|
1663
|
-
@actor.acted_in << @movie
|
1664
|
-
flash[:notice] = 'Movie was successfully created.'
|
1665
|
-
redirect_to(@actor)
|
1666
|
-
end
|
1667
|
-
|
1668
|
-
def update
|
1669
|
-
@actor = Neo4j.load_node(params[:actor_id])
|
1670
|
-
@movie = Movie.new
|
1671
|
-
@movie.update(params[:movie])
|
1672
|
-
@actor.acted_in.new @movie
|
1673
|
-
@movie.update(params[:movie])
|
1674
|
-
flash[:notice] = 'Movie was successfully updated.'
|
1675
|
-
redirect_to(@movie)
|
1676
|
-
end
|
1677
|
-
|
1678
|
-
def show
|
1679
|
-
@movie = Neo4j.load_node(params[:id])
|
1680
|
-
end
|
1681
|
-
|
1682
|
-
def new
|
1683
|
-
@actor = Neo4j.load_node(params[:actor_id])
|
1684
|
-
@movie = Movie.value_object.new
|
1685
|
-
end
|
1686
|
-
|
1687
|
-
def edit
|
1688
|
-
@movie = Neo4j.load_node(params[:id])
|
1689
|
-
end
|
1690
|
-
|
1691
|
-
private
|
1692
|
-
|
1693
|
-
def neo_tx
|
1694
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.new
|
1695
|
-
yield
|
1696
|
-
Neo4j::Transaction.finish
|
1697
|
-
end
|
1698
|
-
end
|
1699
|
-
|
1700
|
-
==== Add views
|
1701
|
-
|
1702
|
-
Add the following views in app/views/actors
|
1703
|
-
index.html.erb:
|
1704
|
-
|
1705
|
-
<h1>Listing actors</h1>
|
1706
|
-
|
1707
|
-
<table>
|
1708
|
-
<tr>
|
1709
|
-
<th>Name</th>
|
1710
|
-
</tr>
|
1711
|
-
|
1712
|
-
<% for actor in @actors %>
|
1713
|
-
<tr>
|
1714
|
-
<td><%=h actor.name %></td>
|
1715
|
-
<td><%= link_to 'Edit', edit_actor_path(actor) %></td>
|
1716
|
-
<td><%= link_to 'Show', actor %></td>
|
1717
|
-
<td><%= link_to 'Destroy', actor, :confirm => 'Are you sure?', :method => :delete %></td>
|
1718
|
-
</tr>
|
1719
|
-
<% end %>
|
1720
|
-
</table>
|
1721
|
-
|
1722
|
-
<br />
|
1723
|
-
|
1724
|
-
<%= link_to 'New actor', new_actor_path %>
|
1725
|
-
|
1726
|
-
new.html.erb:
|
1727
|
-
|
1728
|
-
<h1>New Actor</h1>
|
1729
|
-
|
1730
|
-
<% form_for(@actor) do |f| %>
|
1731
|
-
<p>
|
1732
|
-
<%= f.label :name %><br />
|
1733
|
-
<%= f.text_field :name %>
|
1734
|
-
</p>
|
1735
|
-
<p>
|
1736
|
-
<%= f.label :phone %><br />
|
1737
|
-
<%= f.text_field :phone %>
|
1738
|
-
</p>
|
1739
|
-
<p>
|
1740
|
-
<%= f.label :salary%><br />
|
1741
|
-
<%= f.text_field :salary %>
|
1742
|
-
</p>
|
1743
|
-
<p>
|
1744
|
-
<%= f.submit "Update" %>
|
1745
|
-
</p>
|
1746
|
-
|
1747
|
-
<% end %>
|
1748
|
-
|
1749
|
-
|
1750
|
-
|
1751
|
-
<%= link_to 'Back', actors_path %>
|
1752
|
-
|
1753
|
-
|
1754
|
-
== The Lucene Module
|
1755
|
-
|
1756
|
-
You can use this module without using the Neo4j module.
|
1757
|
-
|
1758
|
-
Lucene provides:
|
1759
|
-
* Flexible Queries - Phrases, Wildcards, Compound boolean expressions etc...
|
1760
|
-
* Field-specific Queries eg. title, artist, album
|
1761
|
-
* Sorting
|
1762
|
-
* Ranked Searching
|
1763
|
-
|
1764
|
-
=== Lucene Document
|
1765
|
-
|
1766
|
-
In Lucene everything is a Document. A document can represent anything textual:
|
1767
|
-
A Word Document, a DVD (the textual metadata only), or a Neo4j.rb node.
|
1768
|
-
A document is like a record or row in a relationship database.
|
1769
|
-
|
1770
|
-
The following example shows how a document can be created by using the ''<<'' operator
|
1771
|
-
on the Lucene::Index class and found using the Lucene::Index#find method.
|
1772
|
-
|
1773
|
-
Example of how to write a document and find it:
|
1774
|
-
|
1775
|
-
require 'lucene'
|
1776
|
-
|
1777
|
-
include Lucene
|
1778
|
-
|
1779
|
-
# the var/myindex parameter is either a path where to store the index or
|
1780
|
-
# just a key if index is kept in memory (see below)
|
1781
|
-
index = Index.new('var/myindex')
|
1782
|
-
|
1783
|
-
# add one document (a document is like a record or row in a relationship database)
|
1784
|
-
index << {:id=>'1', :name=>'foo'}
|
1785
|
-
|
1786
|
-
# write to the index file
|
1787
|
-
index.commit
|
1788
|
-
|
1789
|
-
# find a document with name foo
|
1790
|
-
# hits is a ruby Enumeration of documents
|
1791
|
-
hits = index.find{name == 'foo'}
|
1792
|
-
|
1793
|
-
# show the id of the first document (document 0) found
|
1794
|
-
# (the document contains all stored fields - see below)
|
1795
|
-
hits[0][:id] # => '1'
|
1796
|
-
|
1797
|
-
Notice that you have to call the commit method in order to update the index (both disk and in memory indexes).
|
1798
|
-
Performing several update and delete operations before a commit will give much
|
1799
|
-
better performance than committing after each operation.
|
1800
|
-
|
1801
|
-
=== Keep indexing on disk
|
1802
|
-
|
1803
|
-
By default Neo4j::Lucene keeps indexes in memory. That means that when the application restarts
|
1804
|
-
the index will be gone and you have to reindex everything again.
|
1805
|
-
|
1806
|
-
To store indexes on file:
|
1807
|
-
|
1808
|
-
Lucene::Config[:store_on_file] = true
|
1809
|
-
Lucene::Config[:storage_path] => '/home/neo/lucene-db'
|
1810
|
-
|
1811
|
-
When creating a new index the location of the index will be the Lucene::Config[:storage_path] + index path
|
1812
|
-
Example:
|
1813
|
-
|
1814
|
-
Lucene::Config[:store_on_file] = true
|
1815
|
-
Lucene::Config[:storage_path] => '/home/neo/lucene-db'
|
1816
|
-
index = Index.new('/foo/lucene')
|
1817
|
-
|
1818
|
-
The example above will store the index at /home/neo/lucene-db/foo/lucene
|
1819
|
-
|
1820
|
-
=== Indexing several values with the same key
|
1821
|
-
|
1822
|
-
Let say a person can have several phone numbers. How do we index that?
|
1823
|
-
|
1824
|
-
index << {:id=>'1', :name=>'adam', :phone => ['987-654', '1234-5678']}
|
1825
|
-
|
1826
|
-
|
1827
|
-
=== Id field
|
1828
|
-
|
1829
|
-
All Documents must have one id field. If an id is not specified, the default will be: :id of type String.
|
1830
|
-
A different id can be specified using the field_infos id_field property on the index:
|
1831
|
-
|
1832
|
-
index = Index.new('some/path/to/the/index')
|
1833
|
-
index.field_infos.id_field = :my_id
|
1834
|
-
|
1835
|
-
To change the type of the my_id from String to a different type see below.
|
1836
|
-
|
1837
|
-
=== Conversion of types
|
1838
|
-
|
1839
|
-
Lucene.rb can handle type conversion for you. (The Java Lucene library stores all
|
1840
|
-
the fields as Strings)
|
1841
|
-
For example if you want the id field to be a Fixnum
|
1842
|
-
|
1843
|
-
require 'lucene'
|
1844
|
-
include Lucene
|
1845
|
-
|
1846
|
-
index = Index.new('var/myindex') # store the index at dir: var/myindex
|
1847
|
-
index.field_infos[:id][:type] = Fixnum
|
1848
|
-
|
1849
|
-
index << {:id=>1, :name=>'foo'} # notice 1 is not a string now
|
1850
|
-
|
1851
|
-
index.commit
|
1852
|
-
|
1853
|
-
# find that document, hits is a ruby Enumeration of documents
|
1854
|
-
hits = index.find(:name => 'foo')
|
1855
|
-
|
1856
|
-
# show the id of the first document (document 0) found
|
1857
|
-
# (the document contains all stored fields - see below)
|
1858
|
-
doc[0][:id] # => 1
|
1859
|
-
|
1860
|
-
If the field_info type parameter is not set then it has a default value of String.
|
1861
|
-
|
1862
|
-
=== Storage of fields
|
1863
|
-
|
1864
|
-
By default only the id field will be stored.
|
1865
|
-
That means that in the example above the :name field will not be included in the document.
|
1866
|
-
|
1867
|
-
Example
|
1868
|
-
doc = index.find('name' => 'foo')
|
1869
|
-
doc[:id] # => 1
|
1870
|
-
doc[:name] # => nil
|
1871
|
-
|
1872
|
-
Use the field info :store=true if you want a field to be stored in the index
|
1873
|
-
(otherwise it will only be searchable).
|
1874
|
-
|
1875
|
-
Example
|
1876
|
-
|
1877
|
-
require 'lucene'
|
1878
|
-
include Lucene
|
1879
|
-
|
1880
|
-
index = Index.new('var/myindex') # store the index at dir: var/myindex
|
1881
|
-
index.field_infos[:id][:type] = Fixnum
|
1882
|
-
index.field_infos[:name][:store] = true # store this field
|
1883
|
-
|
1884
|
-
index << {:id=>1, :name=>'foo'} # notice 1 is not a string now
|
1885
|
-
|
1886
|
-
index.commit
|
1887
|
-
|
1888
|
-
# find that document, hits is a ruby Enumeration of documents
|
1889
|
-
hits = index.find('name' => 'foo')
|
1890
|
-
|
1891
|
-
# let say hits only contains one document so we can use doc[0] for that one
|
1892
|
-
# that document contains all stored fields (see below)
|
1893
|
-
doc[0][:id] # => 1
|
1894
|
-
doc[0][:name] # => 'foo'
|
1895
|
-
|
1896
|
-
=== Setting field infos
|
1897
|
-
|
1898
|
-
As shown above you can set field infos like this
|
1899
|
-
|
1900
|
-
index.field_infos[:id][:type] = Fixnum
|
1901
|
-
|
1902
|
-
Or you can set several properties like this:
|
1903
|
-
|
1904
|
-
index.field_infos[:id] = {:type => Fixnum, :store => true}
|
1905
|
-
|
1906
|
-
==== Tokenized
|
1907
|
-
|
1908
|
-
Field infos can be used to specify if the should be tokenized.
|
1909
|
-
If this value is not set then the entire content of the field will be considered as a single term.
|
1910
|
-
|
1911
|
-
Example
|
1912
|
-
|
1913
|
-
index.field_infos[:text][:tokenized] = true
|
1914
|
-
|
1915
|
-
If not specified, the default is 'false'
|
1916
|
-
|
1917
|
-
==== Analyzer
|
1918
|
-
|
1919
|
-
Field infos can also be used to set which analyzer should be used.
|
1920
|
-
If none is specified, the default analyzer - org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer (:standard) will be used.
|
1921
|
-
|
1922
|
-
|
1923
|
-
index.field_infos[:code][:tokenized] = false
|
1924
|
-
index.field_infos[:code][:analyzer] = :standard
|
1925
|
-
|
1926
|
-
The following analyzer is supported
|
1927
|
-
* :standard (default) - org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer
|
1928
|
-
* :keyword - org.apache.lucene.analysis.KeywordAnalyzer
|
1929
|
-
* :simple - org.apache.lucene.analysis.SimpleAnalyzer
|
1930
|
-
* :whitespace - org.apache.lucene.analysis.WhitespaceAnalyzer
|
1931
|
-
* :stop - org.apache.lucene.analysis.StopAnalyzer
|
1932
|
-
|
1933
|
-
For more info, check the Lucene documentation, http://lucene.apache.org/java/docs/
|
1934
|
-
|
1935
|
-
|
1936
|
-
=== Simple Queries
|
1937
|
-
|
1938
|
-
Lucene.rb support search in several fields:
|
1939
|
-
Example:
|
1940
|
-
|
1941
|
-
# finds all document having both name 'foo' and age 42
|
1942
|
-
hits = index.find('name' => 'foo', :age=>42)
|
1943
|
-
|
1944
|
-
Range queries:
|
1945
|
-
|
1946
|
-
# finds all document having both name 'foo' and age between 3 and 30
|
1947
|
-
hits = index.find('name' => 'foo', :age=>3..30)
|
1948
|
-
|
1949
|
-
=== Lucene Queries
|
1950
|
-
|
1951
|
-
If the query is string then the string is a Lucene query.
|
1952
|
-
|
1953
|
-
hits = index.find('name:foo')
|
1954
|
-
|
1955
|
-
For more information see:
|
1956
|
-
http://lucene.apache.org/java/2_4_0/queryparsersyntax.html
|
1957
|
-
|
1958
|
-
=== Advanced Queries (DSL)
|
1959
|
-
|
1960
|
-
The queries above can also be written in a lucene.rb DSL:
|
1961
|
-
|
1962
|
-
hits = index.find { (name == 'andreas') & (foo == 'bar')}
|
1963
|
-
|
1964
|
-
Expression with OR (|) is supported, example
|
1965
|
-
|
1966
|
-
# find all documents with name 'andreas' or age between 30 and 40
|
1967
|
-
hits = index.find { (name == 'andreas') | (age == 30..40)}
|
1968
|
-
|
1969
|
-
=== Sorting
|
1970
|
-
|
1971
|
-
Sorting is specified by the 'sort_by' parameter
|
1972
|
-
Example:
|
1973
|
-
|
1974
|
-
hits = index.find(:name => 'foo', :sort_by=>:category)
|
1975
|
-
|
1976
|
-
To sort by several fields:
|
1977
|
-
|
1978
|
-
hits = index.find(:name => 'foo', :sort_by=>[:category, :country])
|
1979
|
-
|
1980
|
-
Example sort order:
|
1981
|
-
|
1982
|
-
hits = index.find(:name => 'foo', :sort_by=>[Desc[:category, :country], Asc[:city]])
|
1983
|
-
|
1984
|
-
=== Thread-safety
|
1985
|
-
|
1986
|
-
The Lucene::Index is thread safe.
|
1987
|
-
It guarantees that an index is not updated from two threads at the same time.
|
1988
|
-
|
1989
|
-
|
1990
|
-
=== Lucene Transactions
|
1991
|
-
|
1992
|
-
Use the Lucene::Transaction in order to do atomic commits.
|
1993
|
-
By using a transaction you do not need to call the Index.commit method.
|
1994
|
-
|
1995
|
-
Example:
|
1996
|
-
|
1997
|
-
Transaction.run do |t|
|
1998
|
-
index = Index.new('var/index/foo')
|
1999
|
-
index << { id=>42, :name=>'andreas'}
|
2000
|
-
t.failure # rollback
|
2001
|
-
end
|
2002
|
-
|
2003
|
-
result = index.find('name' => 'andreas')
|
2004
|
-
result.size.should == 0
|
2005
|
-
|
2006
|
-
You can find uncommitted documents with the uncommitted index property.
|
2007
|
-
|
2008
|
-
Example:
|
2009
|
-
|
2010
|
-
index = Index.new('var/index/foo')
|
2011
|
-
index.uncommited #=> [document1, document2]
|
2012
|
-
|
2013
|
-
Notice that even if it looks like a new Index instance object was created the index.uncommitted
|
2014
|
-
may return a non-empty array. This is because Index.new is a singleton - a new instance object is not created.
|
2015
|
-
|