name-spotter 0.2.1 → 0.2.2

data/CHANGELOG

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+0.2.2 added static method for distinguishing English from non English texts
+
+0.2.1 added ability to recognize names like P.moesta by TaxonFinder

data/Gemfile

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ gem "rest-client"
 gem "builder"
 gem "json"
 gem "unicode_utils"
+gem "unsupervised-language-detection"
 
 # Add dependencies to develop your gem here.
 # Include everything needed to run rake, tests, features, etc.

data/Gemfile.lock

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ GEM
       rubyzip
     term-ansicolor (1.0.7)
     unicode_utils (1.3.0)
+    unsupervised-language-detection (0.0.6)
     xpath (0.1.4)
       nokogiri (~> 1.3)
 
@@ -87,3 +88,4 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   rspec-expectations
   ruby-debug19
   unicode_utils
+  unsupervised-language-detection

data/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.2.1
+0.2.2

data/lib/name-spotter.rb

@@ -5,11 +5,29 @@ require "json"
 require "nokogiri"
 require "socket"
 require "unicode_utils"
+require 'unsupervised-language-detection'
 require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'name-spotter', 'client')
 
 Dir["#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/name-spotter/**/*.rb"].each {|f| require f}
 
 class NameSpotter
+  
+  def self.english?(text)
+    tweets = text.split(/\s+/).inject([]) do |res, w|
+      if w.match(/[A-Za-z]/)
+        if res.empty? || res[-1].size >=15
+          res << [w]
+        else
+          res[-1] << w
+        end
+      end
+      res
+    end
+    eng, not_eng = tweets.shuffle[0...50].partition {|a| UnsupervisedLanguageDetection.is_english_tweet?(a.join(" "))}
+    percentage = eng.size.to_f/(not_eng.size + eng.size) 
+    puts percentage
+    percentage > 0.5
+  end
 
   def initialize(client)
     @client = client
@@ -22,6 +40,7 @@ class NameSpotter
     return { names: names } unless format
     format == "json" ? to_json(names) : to_xml(names)
   end
+
   
   private
 

data/name-spotter.gemspec

@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.name = "name-spotter"
-  s.version = "0.2.1"
+  s.version = "0.2.2"
 
   s.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 0") if s.respond_to? :required_rubygems_version=
   s.authors = ["Anthony Goddard", "Chuck Ha", "Dmitry Mozzherin"]
-  s.date = "2012-07-11"
+  s.date = "2012-07-24"
   s.description = "The gem searches for scientific names in texts using socket servers running TaxonFinder (by Patrick Leary) and NetiNeti (by Lakshmi Manohar Akella)"
   s.email = "dmozzherin@gmail.com"
   s.extra_rdoc_files = [
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
     ".document",
     ".rspec",
     ".rvmrc",
+    "CHANGELOG",
     "Gemfile",
     "Gemfile.lock",
     "LICENSE.txt",
@@ -36,8 +37,10 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
     "lib/name-spotter/scientific_name.rb",
     "lib/name-spotter/taxon_finder_client.rb",
     "name-spotter.gemspec",
+    "spec/files/english.txt",
     "spec/files/journalofentomol13pomo_0018.txt",
     "spec/files/journalofentomol13pomo_0063.txt",
+    "spec/files/not_english.txt",
     "spec/name-spotter_spec.rb",
     "spec/scientific_name_spec.rb",
     "spec/spec_helper.rb",
@@ -58,6 +61,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
       s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<builder>, [">= 0"])
       s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<json>, [">= 0"])
       s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<unicode_utils>, [">= 0"])
+      s.add_runtime_dependency(%q<unsupervised-language-detection>, [">= 0"])
       s.add_development_dependency(%q<rspec>, ["~> 2.3.0"])
       s.add_development_dependency(%q<rspec-expectations>, [">= 0"])
       s.add_development_dependency(%q<cucumber>, [">= 0"])
@@ -72,6 +76,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
       s.add_dependency(%q<builder>, [">= 0"])
       s.add_dependency(%q<json>, [">= 0"])
       s.add_dependency(%q<unicode_utils>, [">= 0"])
+      s.add_dependency(%q<unsupervised-language-detection>, [">= 0"])
       s.add_dependency(%q<rspec>, ["~> 2.3.0"])
       s.add_dependency(%q<rspec-expectations>, [">= 0"])
       s.add_dependency(%q<cucumber>, [">= 0"])
@@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
     s.add_dependency(%q<builder>, [">= 0"])
     s.add_dependency(%q<json>, [">= 0"])
     s.add_dependency(%q<unicode_utils>, [">= 0"])
+    s.add_dependency(%q<unsupervised-language-detection>, [">= 0"])
     s.add_dependency(%q<rspec>, ["~> 2.3.0"])
     s.add_dependency(%q<rspec-expectations>, [">= 0"])
     s.add_dependency(%q<cucumber>, [">= 0"])

data/spec/files/english.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,999 @@
+
+'>':¥/. 
+
+^'^^■< '^ 
+
+>. j^^ 
+
+MJ^l 
+
+M \ ^^ 
+
+^<:i0' 
+
+S:^y' 
+
+HARVARD UNIVERSITY 
+
+LIBRARY 
+
+OF THE 
+ MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 
+
+i 
+
+AMERICAN 
+
+JOUMAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 
+
+VOLUME II. 
+
+EDITED BY 
+
+GEORGE W. TRYON, JR., 
+
+Memliei- of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Coiresponding Member of the 
+
+Boston Society of Natural History, the New York Lyceum of Natural History, 
+
+the California Academy of Natural Sciences, the Zoological-Botanical 
+
+Society of Vienna, &c. 
+
+CONTAINING- ARTICLES BY 
+
+WESLEY NEWCOMB, M. D., WM. M. fiARB, O. A L MORCH 
+
+E. MICHENER, M. D., JOHX G ANTHONY, H. CKOSSE 
+
+THOMAS BLAND, W. HARPER PEASE, F DAHLTE 
+
+T. A. CONRAD, P. P. CARPENTER, And the Editor. 
+
+ILLUSTRATED BY 27 COLORED AND PLAiN PLATES. 
+
+PHILADELPHIA : 
+ George W. Tuyon, Jr., 625 Market Street. 
+
+NEW YORK: BOSTON: 
+
+Baii.liere Brothers, No. 520 Broadway. Little, Bkown & Co. 
+
+LONDON: 
+
+Trubner & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row 
+
+TARIS: MADRID: 
+
+J B, Bailliere et Fils, Rue Hautefemlle. C. Baillt-Bailliere, Calle del Principe. 
+
+BERLIN : 
+
+AsnER & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden. 
+
+1866. 
+
+Part 1 published Jaimaiy 1st, l>i<6<6. 
+ " 2 " April 1st, 
+
+" 3 " July 1st, 
+
+"4 •• Uctuber t)th. " 
+
+CONTENTS. 
+
+Part 1— January 1st, 1866. 
+
+1. Description of a New American Species of Helix. By 
+
+Wesley Newcomb, M. D 1 
+
+2. On an Abnormal Specimen of Planorbis bicarinatus. 
+
+By George W. Tryon, Jr 3 
+
+3. Descriptions of New Fresh-Water Shells of the United 
+
+States. By George W. Tryou, Jr 4 
+
+4. Descriptions of New Exotic Fresh-Water MoUusca. 
+
+By George W. Tryon, Jr 8 
+
+5. Description of a New Species of Rissoa. By George W. 
+
+Tryou, Jr 13 
+
+6. Addition to " Catalogue of Helices Inhabiting the West 
+
+Coast of North America, North of Cape St. Lucas." 
+
+By Wesley Newcomb, M. D 13 
+
+i 7. Monograph of the Family Strepomatidse. (Continued.) 
+
+By George W. Tryon, Jr 14 
+
+8. Note on Helix rufa, DeKay. By E. Michener, M. D 53 
+
+9. Remarks on the Origin and Distribution of the Opercu- 
+
+lated Land Shells which inhabit the Continent of 
+ America and the West Indies, with a Catalogue of 
+ the American Species. By Thomas Bland 54 
+
+10. Note on the Internal Structure of Megaspira. By Thomas 
+
+Bland 64 
+
+11. Illustrations of Miocene Fossils, with Descriptions of 
+
+New Species. By T. A. Conrad 65 
+
+12. Note on the Genus Gadus, with Descriptions of some 
+
+New Genera and Species of American Fossil Shells. 
+ By T. A. Conrad 75 
+
+13. Descriptions of New Species of Australian Fresh- Water 
+
+Shells. By T. A. Conrad 79 
+
+14. Note on Mr. Pease's Species of Polynesian Phanero- 
+
+pneumona. By Geo. W. Tryon, Jr 82 
+
+15. On the Modern Classification of Mollusks. By O. A. L. 
+
+Morch 83 
+
+IG. Reply to Mr. Conrad's Criticism on Mr. Gabb's ''Report 
+
+on the Palsentology of California." By Wm. M. Gabb. 87 
+
+EDITOR'S TABLE. 
+ Reviews y 93 
+
+^TOmca«,.— Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. 
+ Foreign.— Journal de Conchy liologie, &c. 
+ Scientific Intelligence 9G 
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS. 
+
+Portrait of Dr. Wesley Newcomb, with Autograph. 
+ Three Colored and Two Plain Plates. iii. 
+
+Part 2— April 1st, 1866. 
+
+I. Further Observations on Mr. Gabb's Palaeontology of 
+
+California. By T. A. Conrad 97 
+
+2. Observations on Recent and Fossil Shells, with proposed 
+
+new Genera and Species. By T. A. Conrad 101 
+
+3. Descriptions of new Species of Tertiary, Cretaceous and 
+
+Recent Shells. By T. A. Conrad 104 
+
+4. Description of a new Species of Unio. By T. A. Conrad... 107 
+
+5. Description of a new Species of Vivipara. By George W. 
+
+Tryon, Jr 108 
+
+6. Descriptions of new Fluviatile MoUusca. By George W. 
+
+Tryon, Jr Ill 
+
+7. Observations on an Abnormal Specimen of Physa gyrina. 
+
+By George W. Tryon, Jr 114 
+
+8. Monograph of the family Strepomatidse, (concluded.; By 
+
+George W. Tryon, Jr 115 
+
+9. Note on the Lingual Dentition of the Strepomatidse. By 
+
+George W. Tryon, Jr 134 
+
+10. Remarks on the Origin and Distribution of the Opercu- 
+
+lated Land Shells which inhabit the Continent of 
+ North America and the West Indies, (continued.) By 
+ Thomas Bland 136 
+
+II. Descriptions of new American Fresh- water Shells. By 
+
+John G. Anthony 144 
+
+EDITOR'S TABLE. 
+
+Reviews and Summary of Conchological Publications 148 
+
+American. — Review of the Northern Buccinums, by Dr. Wm. Stimp- 
+ son. — Reprint of Conchological Papers, by Isaac Lea. — List of 
+ Brachiopoda from the Island of Anticosti. by"N. S. Shaler.— Stimp- 
+ son's Researches upon the Hydrobiinre. — Proceedings of the Acad- 
+ emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. — Morse's new Species of 
+ Pupadaj. — Notes on Terrestrial Mollusca, with Descriptions of new 
+ Species, by Thomas Bland. — Reperterio fisico-natural de la Isla 
+ de Cuba. 
+
+Foreir/)i..- — Conchologia Iconica. — Further Reports on Shetland 
+ Dredgings, by J Gwyn Jeffreys. — Transactions of the Linnsan 
+ Society. — British Conchology, Vol. 8, by Jeffreys. 
+
+Malacologie d'Aix les Bains, Monographie du genre Paladilhia, et Moit- 
+ essieria, MolUisques de la Sahara, by J. R. Bourguignat.— Journal 
+ de Conchyliologie. — Revue et Magazin de Zoologie. — Malacologie 
+ de la Grande-Cliartreuse, by Bourguignat. — Malacologie de I'Al 
+ gerie, by Bourguignat.— 13 ulletin de I'Academie Imp. des Sciences 
+ de St Petersburg. — Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 
+
+Monographia Pneumonopomorum Viventium.— Ueber die Familie der 
+ Rissoiden, by Mohrenstern. — Novitates Conchologicse, Dy Pfeiffer, 
+ Dunker and Romer.— Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte. 
+
+Ofversigt af Kongl. Votenskaps Akademiens Forhandlingar, &c. 
+
+Scientific Intelligence 179 
+
+On the Anatomy of Tridacna elongata, by Leon Vaillant.— On the 
+ correct Application of Certain Terms used in the Descrijition of 
+ Shells, by A. A. Gould, M.D.— Curious Distortion in the Shell of 
+ Physa heterostropha. — Remarks on the Habits of Spirialis Flem- 
+ ingii, by Alex. Agassiz. — Collection of Shells for Sale. — Report of 
+ the Conchologicai Committee of the Academy of Natural Sciences. 
+ —Address of the Building-fund Committee of the Academy of Na- 
+ tural Sciences, etc. 
+
+Obituary 189 
+
+Lovell Reeve.— M. Valenciennes.— Bouchara-Chautercaux. 
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS. 
+
+Portrait of John G. Anthony, with Autograph. 
+ Three Colored and Four Plain Plates. 
+
+Part 3— July 1st, 1866. 
+
+1. Descriptions of New Species of Par tula, Inhabiting the 
+
+Tahitian Archipelago. By W. Harper Pease 193 
+
+2. Remarks on Nudibranchiata inhabiting the Pacific Isl- 
+
+ands, with Descriptions of two New Genera. By W. 
+ Harper Pease 304 
+
+3. Descriptions of Achatinellse. By Wesley Newcomb, M. D... 209 
+
+4. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United 
+
+States. By George W. Trj-on, Jr oig 
+
+1. Preface. 
+
+2. Introduction. 
+
+3. Descriptions of Species. 
+
+4. Reference to Plates and Synonymy. 
+
+5. Descriptions of American Fresh-water Shells. By T. A. 
+
+Conrad 278 
+
+C. Descriptions of New Marine Bivalve Shells. By T. A. 
+
+Conrad 280 
+
+EDITOR'S TABLE. 
+ Reviews 283 
+
+American. — Proceedings of the Essex Institute.— Transactions of the 
+ Academy of Science of St. Louis.— Annals of the New lork Ly- 
+ ceum of Natural History.— Bi'own's Catalogue of Shells.— Note 
+ on the affinities of Bellerophontid;!?, by F. B. Meek. 
+ i^;m/77?..— Tate's Land and Fresh-water Mollusks of Great Britain.— 
+ Conchologia Iconica, etc. 
+
+Obituary 2gg 
+
+Cantraine — Poulson. 
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS. 
+
+Portrait of Prof. S. S. Haldeman, with Autograph. 
+ Three Colored and Four Plain Plates. 
+
+VI. CONTENTS. 
+
+Part 4— October 1st, 1866. 
+
+1. Descriptions of New Species of Land Shells inhabiting 
+
+Polynesia. By Willhuu Harper Pease 289 
+
+2. A Well-abused Mollusk. By H. Crosse. (Translated by 
+
+Frank Danlte 294 
+
+3. Description of a New Species of Columna. By George W. 
+
+Tryon, Jr 297 
+
+4. Descriptions of New Species of Melaniidse and Melano- 
+
+pidse. By George W. Trj^on, Jr 299 
+
+5. Description of a New Species of Septifer. By George "W. 
+
+Tryon, Jr 302 
+
+6. Description of a New Species of Helix. By George W. 
+
+Tryon, Jr .^. 303 
+
+7. On the Terrestrial Mollusca of the Guano Island of 
+
+Navassa. By George W. Tryon, Jr 304 
+
+8. Monograph of the Terrestrial Mollusca of the United 
+
+States. CContiuued.) By George W. Tryon, Jr 306 
+
+9. On a Species of Helix from California, supposed to be 
+
+New. By William H. Ball 328 
+
+10. Descriptions of Three New Species of Land Shells from 
+
+Arizona. By William M. Gabb 330 
+
+11. On the Acm88id83 of the Vancouver and California pro- 
+
+vince. By P. P. Carpenter 332 
+
+13. Remarks on the Distribution of the Inoperculated Land 
+
+Shells which inhabit the Continent of America and 
+
+the West Indies. By Thomas Bland 349 
+
+13. Descriptions of New Species of North American Land 
+
+Shells. By Thomas Bland 371 
+
+EDITOR'S TABLE. 
+
+Reviews and Svimmary of Conchological Publications 37.5 
+
+American. — Conchological Notes, by Ball.— Proceedings of the Philadel- 
+ phia Academy of Natural Sciences.— American Journal of Science 
+ and Arts. 
+
+i^r>?-<??'(7».— Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London. — Conchologia 
+ Iconica, by L Reeve. 
+
+Journal de Conchyliologic. 
+
+Scientific Intelligence 384 
+
+Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Cambridge, Mass.— Building 
+ Fund of the Academy of Natural Sciences, &c 
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS. 
+
+Portrait of Thomas Bland, with Autograph. 
+ Two Colored and Two Plain Plates. 
+
+LIST OF AUTHORS, 
+
+AND THEIE CONTRIBUTIONS. 
+
+Anthony, John G. 
+
+Page. 
+
+Descriptions of New American Fresh-water Shells, - - 144 
+
+Bland, Thomas. 
+
+Remarks on the Origin and Distribution of the Operculated 
+ and Inoperculated Land Shells which Inhabit the Continent 
+ of America and the West Indies, with a Catalogue of the 
+ American Species, - - - - - - -54, 136, 349 
+
+Note on the Internal Structure of Megaspira, ... 64 
+
+Descriptions of New Species of North American Laud Shells, 371 
+
+Carpenter, P. P. 
+
+On the Acmgeidse of the Vancouver and Californian Province, 332 
+
+Conrad, T. A. 
+
+Illustrations of Miocene Fossils, with Descriptions of New Spe- 
+
+cies, - - . 65 
+
+Note on the Genus Gadus, with Descriptions of some New 
+
+Genera and Species of American Fossil Shells, - - 75 
+
+Descriptions of New Species of Australian Fresh-water Shells, 79 
+ Further Observations on Mr. Gabb's Palaeontology of California, 97 
+ Observations on Recent and Fossil Shells, with Proposed New 
+
+Genera and Species, - - 101 
+
+Descriptions of New Species of Tertiary, Cretaceous and Re- 
+ cent Shells, - - - 104 
+
+Description of a New Species of Unio, . . - . 107 
+ Descriptions of American Fresh-water Shells, - - - 278 
+ Descriptions of New Marine Bivalve Shells, ... 280 
+
+Crosse, H. 
+
+A Well-abused MoUusk, - - 394 
+
+.vm. LIST OF AUTHORS, ETC. 
+
+Ball, William H. 
+
+On :i Species of Helix from California, supposed to be New, 328 
+
+Daulte, Frank. 
+
+A Well-abused Mollusk. (Translated from the French of H. 
+
+Crosse ) - 394 
+
+Gabb, William M. 
+
+Reply to Mr. Conrad's Criticism on Mr. Gabb's "Report on the 
+
+Palaeontology of California, ------ 87 
+
+Descriptions of Three New Species of Land Sliells from Arizona, 330 
+
+Morch, 0. A. L. 
+
+On the Modern Classification of Mollusks, - - . . 83 
+
+Newcomb, Wesley, M. D. 
+
+Description of a New American Species of Helix, - - 1 
+
+Addition to "Catalogue of Helices Inhabiting the West Coast 
+
+of North America, North of Cape St. Lucas," - - 13 
+
+Descriptions of Achatinellfe, - 209 
+
+Pease, William Harper. 
+
+Descriptions of New Species of Partula, Inhabiting the Tahitian 
+ Archipelago, --------- 193 
+
+Remarks on Nudibranchiata Inhabiting the Pacific Islands, with 
+
+Descriptions of Two New Geuera, - - - - 204 
+
+Descriptions of New Species of Land Shells, Inhabiting Poly- 
+ nesia, --..---.-. 289 
+
+Try on, George W., Jr. 
+
+On an Abnormal Specimen of Planorbis bicarinatus, - - 3 
+
+Descriptions of New Fresh-water Shells of the United States, 4 
+
+Descriptions of New Exotic Fresh-water Mollusca, - - 8 
+
+Description of a New Species of Rissoa, - - - - 12 
+
+Monograph of the Family Strepomatidte, - - - - 14, 115 
+
+Note on Mr. Pease's Species of Polynesian Phaneropneumona, 82 
+
+Description of a New Species of Vivipara, - - - - 108 
+
+Descriptions of New Fluviatile Mollusca, . - - - 111 
+
+Observations on an Abnormal Specimen of Physa gyrina, - 114 
+
+Note on the Lingual Dentition of the Strepomatidfe, - - 134 
+
+Monograph of Terrestrial Mollusca of the United States, 218, 306 
+
+Description of a New Species of Columna, - - - - 297 
+
+Descriptions of New Species of Melaniidas and Melanopidge, 299 
+
+Description of a New Species of Septifer, - - - - 302 
+
+Description of a New Species of Helix, - - - - 303 
+
+On the Terrestrial Mollusca of the Guano Island of Navassa, 304 
+
+Published Quarterly, at $3 per No., or $10 per Annum. 
+
+Vol. -i. X*ai-t 1, 
+
+AMERICA N , 
+ joxjKisrAL 
+
+COIN'CHOLOG-Y 
+
+^re.xivLebi"37- 1, isee. 
+
+EDITED BY 
+
+G^EOR^GJ^E "W^. TI2,^ir01V, Jr. 
+
+Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Corresponding Member of the Boston 
+
+Society of Natural History, the New York Lyoeutn of Natural History, 
+
+the California Academy of Natural Sciences, &c. 
+
+PHILADELPHIA : 
+ George W. Tryon, Jr., C35 Market Street. 
+
+NEW YORK : BOSTOJf : 
+
+Baili.iebe Brothers, No. 520 Broadway. Little, BrowS & Co. 
+
+PARIS: MADRID: 
+
+J. B. Bailliere et Fils, Rue Hautefeuille. C. Baillt-Baillieke, Calle del Principe. 
+
+BERLIN: 
+ ASHER it Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden. 
+
+Yeakel & Beo., Printers, 23 N. Sixth St 
+
+'^ 
+
+(Jo... uoLOGiSTsor Dealers having FRESH WATER SHELLS 
+ from any part of the world, for sale or exchange, will please for- 
+ ward Catalogues of species and prices, to 
+
+CHARLES M. WHEATLEY, 
+ Jan. 1805, (\y ) Phcenixville, Pennsylva nia. 
+
+625 M^KKET BTREET, 
+
+PHILADEPHIA, U. S. 
+
+I offer to Couchologists and Collectors, to exchange any of my 
+ publications, including the ''American Journal of Gonchology;' and 
+ also my duplicate shells, for their memoirs ;m Conchological sub- 
+ jects C" *"-- ar.,.pimpn^ 
+
+Id. 
+ quest 
+ with ] 
+
+My 
+ dispot 
+ very ] 
+ theU 
+
+NAi 
+ e-x cluing 
+
+CONC 
+ cau .Icmi 
+
+D1RE( 
+ above, V 
+
+JttljrariJ of tlje gtuscum 
+
+OF 
+
+COMPARATIYE ZOOLOGY, 
+
+AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 
+ iFountietr hv prfbatc suliscriptfon, fn 1861. 
+
+Deposited by Louis Agassiz. 
+
+re- 
+ rues 
+
+will 
+ 1 at 
+ and 
+ ites. 
+
+Vmeri- 
+
+vVaxlnngtiia, u. v^., • 
+ foUowiug booksellers :—G.Bo»sange & Co., Paris. 
+
+au,l f^-rward their pacb^geMooUl^i^oyh.^ PHternoiter Row. LonUon. 
+ ^t^S'co'^.re^plfua'e^UcLfoTrardhea^y packages by express or rail. Light packages can 
+ forwarded by mail. 
+
+AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 
+
+VOL. I.-1865. 
+
+edges, at $1^). 
+
+above, at $l'i 
+
+To those who subscribe to Vol. 11., the First Volume will be furnished at $10, or bound as 
+
+
+/h,Jz 
+
+'C'ou-Ofyix 
+
+TVom a photograph for theAmen can Journal of C'oncholo^'y. 
+
+i&Co-Uthl'lnlada.. 
+
+AM E H I C A. N" 
+
+JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. 
+
+YoL. II. JANUARY 1, 1866. No. 1. 
+
+DESCRIPTION OP A NEW AMERICAN SPECIES OP 
+ HELIX. 
+
+BY WESLEY NEWCOMB, M. D. 
+
+Helix Idahoexsis, Newcomb. — t. 1, f. 1, 2, 3. 
+
+Description. — H, testa profunde umbilicata, tiirbinato-con- 
+ oidea, corneo-cinerea, apice obtusa; anfr. 5 rotundatis, qiiarum 
+ duobus primis laevibus vel minute oblique striatis, reliquis 
+ forte costatis; costis in anfr. ultimo 20 ad 26, albis; sutura 
+ bene impressa; apertura perobliqua, rotundata, que peristo- 
+ mate integro, simplici, non-reflexo. 
+
+Dimensions. — Diam. major '525 pol., minor '^o pol., axis '45' 
+ pol. 
+
+Locality. — Between Idaho Citj and Cour d'Alene Mining 
+ District, Idaho Territory, (Hv Hemphill.) 
+
+Shell deeply umbilicate, turbinately conic, ashy horn-color, 
+ apex obtuse; whorls 5, rounded, the first two smooth, or mi- 
+ nutely obliquely striated, the remainder strongly ribbed trans- 
+ versely, numbering on the last whorl 20 to 26, of a clear white 
+ color; suture well impressed; aperture very oblique and. cir- 
+ cular; lip entire, simple, not reflected. 
+
+2 AMERICAN JOURNAL 
+
+My Cabinet. Cabinet of George W. Trjon, Jr. 
+
+Olservations. — I know of no Helix witli which this species 
+ can be compared. H. cryptojjortica, Pfr., has comparatively 
+ more and finer ribs, with the shell of quite a distinct form. 
+ In the character of the ribs, standing out prominently on a 
+ ground of a darker color, the contrast and general appearance 
+ reminds one of some species of Scalaria. The nearest approach 
+ of any terrestrial species with which I am acquainted, in this 
+ respect, is Bulimus Fairhanki, Pfr., from Bombay. 
+
+The rounded whorls, circular mouth and strong ribs mark 
+ a new type of the genus for America. 
+
+OP CONCnOLOGT. 
+
+ON AN ABNORMAL SPECIMEN OP PLANORBIS 
+ BICARINATUS. 
+
+BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. 
+
+Plate 1, Fig. 4. 
+
+The shell figured, is in the collection of Charles M. Wheat- 
+ ley, Esq., of Phoenisville, Pa., and was collected by him at 
+ Mexico, Owego Co., N. Y. It has assumed a turbinate and 
+ scalariform shape, the spire being obtusely elevated, whorls 
+ very convex, with deep suture, and the upper carina strongly 
+ developed ; at the base it is narrowly umbilicate, the umbilical 
+ region small, and bounded by the lower carina; the aperture 
+ is small, ovate, somewhat expanded, and much thickened 
+ within ; owing to compression, the two extremities of the lip 
+ join upon the body, and are turned into the aperture, forming 
+ a strong rib, which revolves within the shell. 
+
+Numerous abnormal European Planorbes are illustrated in 
+ Hartmann's magnificent work, "Erd und Slisswasser Gastero- 
+ poden der Schweiz," but the species are all small ones. This 
+ is the first American specimen which we have observed to de- 
+ viate much from the normal form; reversed or scalariform 
+ shells being very much rarer in America than in Europe. 
+ Some of our species of Limnsea are sometimes slightly scalari- 
+ form, and in the Viviparidse this is more frequent, but the de- 
+ viation has never been observed to be very great. Melantho 
+ Integra and decisa are both occasionally met with, reversed. I 
+ believe that no scalariform Helix has been observed in the 
+ United States, and the reversed specimens known do not ex- 
+ ceed ten or twelve.* 
+
+* See " Note on Variation in Species of Helix in Eastern North America," 
+ in " Remarks on Certain Species of- North American Helicidae," by Thos. 
+ Bland.- -Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist., New York, VII , 1863. 
+
+AMERICAN JOURNAL 
+
+DESCRIPTIONS OP NEW FRESH-WATER SHELLS 
+ OF THE UNITED STATES. 
+
+BY GEORGE W. TRYOX, JR. 
+
+STEEP0MATIDJ5. 
+
+1. AxGiTREMA Wheatleyi, Trjon. — t. 2, £ 1. 
+
+Description. — Shell conoidal; inflated, rather thin; spire 
+ conical, sharp pointed, suture not much impressed; whorls 
+ about 6, those of the spire flattened, the body whorl large, 
+ rather flattened above the somewhat angled periphery, convex 
+ below, and somewhat attenuate at the base; the periphery is 
+ ornamented with a single prominent row of slightly com- 
+ pressed tubercles, and above is rugosely wrinkled, with a 
+ tendency towards tuberculation ; aperture large, sub-rhom- 
+ boidal, iialf the length of the shell, somewhat attenuate below, 
+ columella nearly perpendicular, a little twisted. Bright horn- 
+ color, with four broad, equidistant brown bands. 
+
+Dimensions. — Length 25 mill., diam. 16 mill. 
+ HaUtat.—E\]^ River, at Winchester, Tenn., (C. M. Wheat- 
+ ley.) 
+
+My Cabinet. Cabinet of Charles M. Wheatley. 
+
+Ohservations. — This species is much more inflated, and has 
+ more numerous tubercles than A. Duttoniana, Lea; it is in 
+ appearance more like an obese variety of A. verrucosa, Raf., 
+ but that species is heavier in texture, and has several rows of 
+ tubercles. The Avell-developed tubercles and inferiorly con- 
+ tracted aperture will readily distinguish this species from Li- 
+ thasia fuliginosa, Lea. 
+
+2. Pleurocera bicinctum, Tryon. — t. 2, f. 2. 
+
+Description. — Shell elevated conical, somewhat cylindrical, 
+ thick, smooth and shining; spire elevated, obtuse, suture dis- 
+ tinctly but not deeply impressed; whorls about 6, somewhat 
+ flattened, the last with an angular periphery, which is cari- 
+ nate, and a second carina, less distinct, below it; lines of 
+
+OF CONCHOLOGY. 5 
+
+growth crowded, curved ; aperture rhomboidal, rather narrow, 
+ terminating in a contracted fuse, outer lip very sinuous, 
+ curving forward towards the base, columeUa short and rounded. 
+ Bright olive-green, nearly orange beneath the suture; aper- 
+ ture and columella purple. 
+
+Dimensions. — Length (eroded) 19 mill., diam. 10 mill. 
+
+Sahitat. — Bridgeport, Ala., (W. H. DeCamp.) 
+
+Cabinet of Charles M. Wheatlj, Phoenixville, Penna. 
+
+Observations. — This species is closely allied to PI. aratimi. 
+ Lea, but differs in the position of the carina?, the form of the 
+ aperture, etc. I do not know any other species with which it 
+ can be compared. I have seen only one individual, but the 
+ differences it exhibits are too marked to permit it to remain 
+ uncharacterized. 
+
+3. EuEYC^LOX Leah, Tryon. — t. 2, f. 3. 
+
+Description. — Shell conical, thick, shining; spire conical, 
+ obtusely elevated, suture moderately impressed; whorls about 
+ 6, slightly convex, everywhere covered with very fine close 
+ revolving strige, somewhat shouldered beneath the suture and 
+ crimped, body whorl large, slopingly convex ; aperture large, 
+ ovate, broad below. Wax-yellow or somewhat olivaceous, 
+ lighter beneath the the suture, Avhite within. 
+
+Dimensions. — Length (eroded) 19 mill., diam. 13 mill. 
+
+Habitat. — Etowah Kiver, Cartersville, Geo., (W. II. DeCamp.) 
+
+Cabinet of Charles M. Wheatley, Phoenixville, Penna, 
+
+Observations. — This species is somewhat like Gon. luteola, 
+ Lea, in color, strife and texture, but differs in having tuber- 
+ cles, and in the form of the aperture. In G. per grata, Lea, the 
+ striiB are coarser, and the tuberculations wanting. It is a 
+ very neat species, beautifully marked by the narrowly com- 
+ pressed numerous tubercles under the suture, and its close, 
+ waved revolving strife. 
+
+4, GoNiOBASis UJSTDULATA, Tryon. — t. 2, f. -l. 
+
+Description. — Shell turrited, narrow, moderately thick; spire 
+ much elevated, acute, suture deeply impressed; whorls 9 to 10, 
+ somewhat convex, sloping, carinate just above the suture, with 
+ faint plications above the carina, crossed by raised revolving 
+ stria?, which extend over all the whorls, and number 9 on the 
+ body whorl ; the revolving striaa, in crossing the ribs, appear 
+ undulated; aperture small, oval, a little angled at the base. 
+ Color dark brown, without bands. 
+
+6 AMERICAN JOURNAL 
+
+Dimensions. — Length 19 mill., diam. 6-5 mill. 
+
+HaUtat. — Georgia. 
+
+My Cabinet. 
+
+Observations. — ^This species belongs to the great group of tu- 
+ berculate Goniobases so characteristic of the rivers of Georgia, 
+ among which may be named G.Etoivahensis, inclinans,pa2nllosa, 
+ PosteUii, &G. It differs from all of them by its crisp, rigid ap- 
+ pearance. It resembles somewhat, in form, G. porrecta, Lea, 
+ but is well distinguished by being a little wider, and by the 
+ striaB being undulated above. 
+
+LYMNJEID^. 
+
+5. Physa conifoemis, Tryon. — t. 2, f. 5. 
+
+Description. — Shell obovate or somewhat cone-shaped, the 
+ spire very short, with an acute, black-tipped apex ; body 
+ whorl round, shouldered above, inflated, but becoming nar- 
+ rower below, while the long, somewhat ear-shaped aperture is 
+ broadly rounded below, causing the shell to resemble strikingly 
+ in outline, Conns tulipa, Linn.; whorls 5, the first ones minute; 
+ suture well impressed, lines of growth close and fine, surface 
+ polished, texture moderately thin, translucent. Color greyish- 
+ white, the lip slightly thickened and colored red ; columella 
+ appressed, twisted and turned back at base, very much as in 
+ Ph. venusia, Lea, or Ph. diaphana, nob. 
+
+Dimensions. — Length 16 mill., diam, 9*5 mill., length of 
+ aperture 12 mill. 
+
+Eahitat.—Rnmholdi Eiver, Oregon, (W. M. Gabb.) 
+
+My Cabinet. Cabinet of Wm. M. Gabb. 
+
+Ohservations. — A very distinct species, of which I possess 
+ several specimens. It is well separated from all the nume- 
+ rous species inhabiting the Pacific States, by its peculiar form; 
+ the color, also, is rather unusual. 
+
+6. Physa oleacea, Tryon.— t. 2, f. 6. 
+
+Description.— ^\\c\\ completely oval, with the outline of the 
+ spire not elevated above a continuation of the general curve 
+ of the body ; spire very short, apex minute, suture linear, but 
+ margined ; whorls 4, rapidly increasing, the last large, nar- 
+ rowly oval ; aperture long and narrow, the lip much thickened 
+ within; columellar lip heavy, polished, slightly twisted and 
+ turned back ; texture thin, diaphanous, surface almost un- 
+ marked by growth-lines, brilliantly polished, and bright oil- 
+ colored; columella tinged with pink, lip margined with dark 
+ red. 
+
+OF CONCHOLOQY. *l 
+
+Dimensions. — Length 12 mill., diam. 7 mill. 
+
+Habitat — Bridgeport, Ala., (Charles M. Wheatley.) 
+ Lake Superior, (Jos. Leidy, M. D.) 
+
+My Cabinet. Cabinet of Mr. C. M. Wheatley, Phcenixville, 
+ Penna. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- 
+ delphia. 
+
+Observations. — This species, of which I have seen nume- 
+ rous examples, of all ages, is much shorter in the spire, more 
+ oval, and differently colored from Ph. [jyrina, Say. Pit,, hrevi- 
+ sjjira, Lea, is differently colored and more inflated, and finally, 
+ Ph. Primeana, nob., is a smaller species, with distinct stride, 
+ longer spire, and more inflated. It is, I think, the most beau- 
+ tiful species of the genus yet detected in the United States, 
+
+New Localities for Pltysm. 
+
+Physa brevispira, Lea. Buffalo, N. Y. W. S. Nason. 
+ (Smithsonian Collection.) 
+
+" NiAGARENSis, Lea. Grrand Eapids, Mich. C. M. 
+
+Wheatley. (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) 
+
+" Grosven-qrii, Lea, Dayton, Nevada. C. M. Wheat- 
+ ley. (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) 
+
+" PARVA, Lea. Little Valley, Nevada. C. M. Wheat- 
+ ley. (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) 
+
+" Whitet, Lea. Chattahoochie Eiver, Columbus, Geo 
+ (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) 
+
+" GYRINA, Say, Carson, Nevada. C. M. Wheatley. 
+ (Coll. Wheatley and Tryon.) 
+
+This is a very large variety, distinguished by an 
+ unpolished epidermis, and rough, coarse growth- 
+ lines. 
+
+" INTEGRA, Hald. Rhode Island. (Coll. Tryon.) 
+
+I am not aware of this species having been no- 
+ ticed until now, in any other locality, except that 
+ of the description, Indiana, 
+
+•'* NiAGAREXSis, Lea. Lake Superior. Joseph Leidy; 
+ M. D. (Coll. Tryon.) 
+
+This species nlay prove to be only a variety of 
+ i7itef/ra, Hald. 
+
+AMERICAN JOURNAL 
+
+DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW EXOTIC FRESH-WATER 
+ MOLLUSCA. 
+
+BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. 
+
+1. ViviPARA SUPRAFASCIATA, Trjon. — t. 2, f. 7. 
+
+Description. — Globose-conic, inflated, rather thin ; spire ele- 
+ vated-conic, suture deeply impressed; whorls 5, very convex, 
+ the last large, with very fine growth- lines, obsolete revolving 
+ lines and slight malleations; umbilicus small, the shell sub 
+ angular around it ; aperture obliquely oval. Eather a bril- 
+ liant green, with the spire, and body whorl above the aperture, 
+ traversed by dark green narrow bands, five or six in number, 
+ which are disposed to be alternately narrower. 
+
+Dimensions. — Length 25 mill., diam. 20 mill. 
+
+Sahitat. — Tropical Australia. 
+
+My Cabinet. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 
+ Philadelphia. 
+
+Observations. — This species in the general form reminds 
+ one of V. contecta, Millet, or of V. intertexta, Say. From V. 
+ Australis, Eeeve, it is easily distinguished. That species is 
+ narrower, appressed above, with only a few distant brown 
+ lines, and the whorls are not so globose. It does not answer 
+ at all to the description of V. Waterhousei, recently described 
+ from Australia. 
+
+2. Hemisinus Binneyi, Tryon. — t. 2, f. 8. 
+
+Descrijytion. — Shell ovate, somewhat thin; spire moderately 
+ elevated, apex obtuse, suture well impressed; whorls 5, a little 
+ convex, the last large, smooth; aperture more than half the 
+ length of the shell, angulate above and below, columella 
+ curved, slightly notched at the base. Bright olive, with four 
+ darker bands, of which the second is widest, and about fifteen 
+ revolving rows of small, numerous, transverse dark red dots; 
+ bands red within the aperture. 
+
+Dimensions. — Length 13 mill., diam. 7 mill. 
+
+OF CONCHOLOGY. M 
+
+ffahitat. — New Grenada, (Wm. G. Binney.) 
+
+My Cabinet. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences,