modifiers 0.0.1

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data/.gitignore

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+*.gem
+*.rbc
+.bundle
+.config
+.yardoc
+Gemfile.lock
+InstalledFiles
+_yardoc
+coverage
+doc/
+lib/bundler/man
+pkg
+rdoc
+spec/reports
+test/tmp
+test/version_tmp
+tmp
+*.bundle
+*.so
+*.o
+*.a
+mkmf.log
+.ruby-version

data/Gemfile

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+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in modifiers.gemspec
+gemspec

data/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Copyright (c) 2014 TODO: Write your name
+
+MIT License
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

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+## What is/are Modifiers?
+
+`Modifiers` is a collection of method modifiers, and a way to make more.
+
+_Method Modifiers_, obviously, are modifiers to methods.  Specifically, in Ruby
+terms, they are class methods which:
+
+1. Take a symbol argument which names an instance method of the same class, and
+2. Return the same symbol, but
+3. Alter the named method in some way.
+
+Ruby has shipped with four (4) modifiers since forever: the three access
+modifiers (`public`, `private`, and `protected`), and `module_function`.  This
+library [adds a few others, and a facility for creating even more](#usage).
+
+## Why is/are Modifiers?
+
+DRYing up code sometimes involves smaller fragments of shared behavior than a
+method.  Here's an example you've probably read and written before:
+```ruby
+# old and busted
+def count_ducks
+  @count_ducks ||= DuckFlock.all.map(&size).inject(0, &:+)
+end
+```
+
+Why are you writing the characters 'count_ducks', in the _exact same order_
+__two whole times__?  If you already know how to implement memoization, why let
+your code challenge you to prove it every time you want it done?! Instead,
+implement it one final, flawless time, and tell the interpreter firmly, "No,
+_you_ type the name twice, my time is far too valuable."
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+    gem 'modifiers', require: false
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle
+
+## Usage
+
+### built-in modifiers
+
+#### deprecated
+
+Sometimes there's a method, and you want it to die, but not a clean, swift
+death.  Instead, you wish it a slow, cursed strangulation, as collaborators
+gradually abandon it.  Mark it with your sign, that all may know to shun it or
+be punished.
+
+```ruby
+require 'modifiers/deprecated'
+
+class BadHacks
+  extend Modifiers
+
+  deprecated def awful_method
+    # some ugly hack, probably involving define_method and ObjectSpace
+  end
+end
+```
+
+A method modified by `deprecated` will issue a helpful deprecation warning
+every time it is called.  Something like: `deprecated method
+BadHacks#awful_method called from app/controllers/ducks_controller.rb:782`
+
+(Please note that the `deprecated` method is deprecated, and you should
+definitely use `Gem.deprecate` instead.)
+
+#### memoized
+
+Every now and then, you will come to care how long it takes for a method to
+run.  You may find yourself wishing it just re-used some hard-won values,
+rather than throwing them away and rebuilding them anew every time you call it.
+
+To demonstrate this, on multiple levels, I will re-use the case from a previous
+section.
+
+```ruby
+require 'modifiers/memoized'
+
+class DuckService
+  extend Modifiers
+
+  memoized def count_ducks
+    DuckFlock.all.map(&size).inject(0, &:+)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+A method modified by `memoized` will run once normally, per unique combination
+of arguments, after which it will simply return the same result for the
+lifetime of the receiving object. Dazzle your friends with your terse, yet
+performant, fibonnaci implementations!
+
+(If you want all this and more, you can use
+[memoist](https://github.com/matthewrudy/memoist) (formerly
+`ActiveSupport::Memoizable`) instead, but I warn you: it involves `eval`.)
+
+#### commands and queries
+
+You may have heard of 'Command-Query Separation`, and the claim that code
+quality can be improved by writing methods to either have only side-effects, or
+no side-effects.
+
+It may or may not be a good idea, but at least now it's easy to unambiguously
+indicate and enforce!
+
+First, a method modified by `command` will always return nil.  It's as trivial as it
+sounds.
+
+Conversely (?), a method modified by `query` will never change the state of
+anything non-global and in-process.  This is also trivial, but it might seem
+more impressive.
+```ruby
+require 'modifiers/command_query'
+
+class DuckFarmer < Struct.new(:hutches)
+  extend Modifiers
+
+  query def fullest_hutch
+    hutches.max { |h1,h2| h1.count_eggs - h2.count_eggs
+  end
+end
+
+class DuckHutch < Struct.new(:num_eggs)
+  def self.count_eggs
+    @ducks_disturbed = true
+    num_eggs
+  end
+
+  def ducks_disturbed?
+    @ducks_disturbed
+  end
+end
+
+john = DuckFarmer.new(Array.new(3) { DuckHutch.new(rand(20)) })
+
+john.fullest_hutch # => #<struct DuckHutch num_eggs=11>
+
+john.hutches.any? { |h| h.ducks_disturbed? } # => false
+```
+
+If this was an infomercial, now is when I would say something like "It's just
+that easy, Michael!", and you (your name is Michael in this scenario) would say
+"Now _that's_ incredible!" and the audience would applaud.
+
+I'm mildly proud of this library.
+
+### defining new modifiers
+
+New modifiers can be defined in your own modules using the `define_modifier` method.
+
+Let's start with the simplest case: the null modifier, with a name, but no behavior.
+
+```ruby
+require 'modifiers/define_modifier'
+
+module DuckFarmModifiers
+  extend Modifiers
+  define_modifier(:duck)
+end
+
+class DuckFarm
+  extend DuckFarmModifiers
+
+  duck :some_method # => unchanged
+end
+```
+
+Here's an identical implementation:
+```ruby
+module DuckFarmModifiers
+  define_modifier(:duck) do |method_invocation|
+    method_invocation.invoke
+  end
+end
+```
+
+A block passed to `define_modifier` will become the new body of the methods
+modified by the modifier, kinda like with `define_method`.
+
+The argument passed to that block will be an object representing a particular
+call to the modified method.  As I showed you above, all you have to do
+continue that call as normal is `#invoke` it.
+
+Or not!
+```ruby
+module DuckFarmModifiers
+  define_modifier(:x) do
+    # temporarily disable a method and see if anyone notices
+  end
+end
+```
+
+You can do things before, after, or even "around" the invocation.
+```ruby
+module DuckFarmModifiers
+  define_modifier(:perf_logged) do |invocation|
+    start = Time.now
+    invocation.invoke
+    Rails.logger "#{invocation.method_identifier} finished in #{Time.now - start}s"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+The method invocation object can also tell you the `#arguments` in the call,
+and its `#location` in the source, the `#method_name` of the method which was
+modified, or even the full `#method_identifier` in
+`Class.class_method`/`Class#instance_method` style.  All of the modifiers
+included in the library were made using it.
+
+What awesome ones will _you_ write?
+
+## Contributing
+
+1. [Fork it](https://github.com/nicknovitski/modifiers/fork)
+2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
+3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
+4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
+5. Create a new Pull Request

data/Rakefile

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+require 'bundler/gem_tasks'
+require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec)
+
+task default: :spec

data/lib/modifiers.rb

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+require 'modifiers/version'
+
+module Modifiers
+end

data/lib/modifiers/command.rb

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+require 'modifiers/define_modifier'
+
+module Modifiers
+  define_modifier(:command) do |invocation|
+    invocation.invoke
+    nil
+  end
+end

data/lib/modifiers/command_query.rb

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+require 'modifiers/command'
+require 'modifiers/query'

data/lib/modifiers/define_modifier.rb

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+require 'modifiers/modification'
+
+module Modifiers
+  module_function def define_modifier(name, &block)
+    define_method(name) do |sym|
+      mod = Modification.new(klass: self, method: sym)
+      define_method(sym) { |*args| mod.call(self, *args, &block) }
+      send(mod.original_visibility, sym)
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/modifiers/deprecated.rb

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+require 'modifiers/define_modifier'
+
+module Modifiers
+  define_modifier(:deprecated) do |invocation|
+    warn "deprecated method #{invocation.method_identifier} called from #{invocation.location.join(':')}"
+    invocation.invoke
+  end
+end

data/lib/modifiers/memoized.rb

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+require 'modifiers/define_modifier'
+
+module Modifiers
+  define_modifier(:memoized) do |invocation|
+    ivar = "@#{invocation.method_name}".to_sym
+
+    instance_variable_set(ivar, {}) unless instance_variable_defined?(ivar)
+
+    memoizer = instance_variable_get(ivar)
+    memoizer.fetch(invocation.arguments) { memoizer[invocation.arguments] = invocation.invoke }
+  end
+end

data/lib/modifiers/method_invocation.rb

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+module Modifiers
+  class MethodInvocation
+    def initialize(method:, receiver:, arguments:)
+      @method = method
+      @receiver = receiver
+      @arguments = arguments
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :arguments
+
+    def invoke(context = receiver)
+      method.bind(context).call(*arguments)
+    end
+
+    def location
+      [file, line_no]
+    end
+
+    def method_name
+      method.name
+    end
+
+    def method_identifier
+      target + method_name.to_s
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def target
+      receiver.is_a?(Module) ? "#{receiver}." : "#{receiver.class}#"
+    end
+
+    def file
+      match_caller(/(.*?):/i)
+    end
+
+    def line_no
+      match_caller(/:(\d+).*?$/i)
+    end
+
+    def match_caller(regex)
+      method_caller.match(regex).to_s
+    end
+
+    def method_caller
+      caller[7]
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :method, :receiver
+  end
+end

data/lib/modifiers/modification.rb

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+require 'modifiers/method_invocation'
+
+module Modifiers
+  class Modification
+    def initialize(klass:, method:)
+      @klass = klass
+      @original_method = klass.send(:instance_method, method)
+      @original_visibility = visibility_on(klass)
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :original_visibility
+
+    def call(instance, *args, &block)
+      invocation = MethodInvocation.new(method: original_method, receiver: instance, arguments: args)
+      if block
+        instance.instance_exec(invocation, &block)
+      else
+        invocation.invoke
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    attr_reader :original_method, :klass
+
+    def visibility_on(klass)
+      if klass.private_method_defined?(original_method.name)
+        :private
+      elsif klass.protected_method_defined?(original_method.name)
+        :protected
+      else
+        :public
+      end
+    end
+
+    def instance
+      klass.new
+    rescue TypeError # klass is a singleton metaclass
+      ObjectSpace.each_object(klass).first
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/modifiers/query.rb

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+require 'modifiers/define_modifier'
+
+module Modifiers
+  define_modifier(:query) do |invocation|
+    invocation.invoke(Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(self)))
+  end
+end

data/lib/modifiers/version.rb

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+module Modifiers
+  VERSION = '0.0.1'
+end

data/modifiers.gemspec

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+# coding: utf-8
+lib = File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__)
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
+require 'modifiers/version'
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name          = 'modifiers'
+  spec.version       = Modifiers::VERSION
+  spec.authors       = ['Nick Novitski']
+  spec.email         = ['nicknovitski@gmail.com']
+  spec.summary       = 'Cute and Easy method modifiers (also called decorators)'
+  spec.description   = 'A simple and composable way to add functionality to methods.'
+  spec.homepage      = 'https://github.com/nicknovitski/modifiers'
+  spec.license       = 'MIT'
+
+  spec.files         = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0")
+  spec.test_files    = spec.files.grep(/^spec\//)
+  spec.require_paths = ['lib']
+
+  spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.1.0'
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler', '~> 1.6'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rake'
+  spec.add_development_dependency "rspec"
+end

data/spec/modifiers/command_spec.rb

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+require 'spec_helper'
+require 'modifiers/command'
+
+RSpec.describe Modifiers do
+  class Doer
+    extend Modifiers
+    command def take_action
+      # lots of side-effectful-operations
+      2 + 2
+    end
+  end
+
+  subject(:doer) { Doer.new }
+
+  describe '#command' do
+    it_behaves_like 'a modifier', :command, changes_return_value: true
+
+    it 'causes the method to always return nil' do
+      expect(doer.take_action).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/modifiers/define_modifier_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+require 'modifiers/define_modifier'
+
+module MyModifier
+  extend Modifiers
+  define_modifier(:bro) { |i| i.invoke + ', bro' }
+end
+
+class Foo
+  extend MyModifier
+
+  bro def hello(name = 'world')
+    "hello, #{name}"
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.describe Modifiers do
+  describe '.define_modifier' do
+    it 'can make new modifiers in new modules' do
+      expect(Foo.new.hello).to eq('hello, world, bro')
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/modifiers/deprecated_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+require 'modifiers/deprecated'
+
+RSpec.describe Modifiers do
+  describe '#deprecated' do
+    it_behaves_like 'a modifier', :deprecated
+
+    let(:test_class) do
+      class Test
+        extend Modifiers
+
+        deprecated def method
+          # something you shouldn't be using
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    subject(:test_instance) { test_class.new }
+
+    around(:example) do |example|
+      old_verbose, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, nil
+      example.call
+      $VERBOSE = old_verbose
+    end
+
+    it 'changes the method to warn it has been deprecated' do
+      expect(subject).to receive(:warn).with(/deprecated/)
+
+      subject.method
+    end
+
+    it 'includes the name of the method in the warning' do
+      expect(subject).to receive(:warn).with(/Test\#method/)
+
+      subject.method
+    end
+
+    it 'includes the location of the call in the warning' do
+      expect(subject).to receive(:warn).with(/deprecated_spec.rb/)
+
+      subject.method
+    end
+
+    context 'class methods' do
+      before do
+        class Test
+          class << self
+            extend Modifiers
+            deprecated def class_method
+              #
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'names the method correctly in the warning' do
+        expect(test_class).to receive(:warn).with(/Test\.class_method/)
+
+        test_class.class_method
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/modifiers/memoized_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+require 'modifiers/memoized'
+
+RSpec.describe Modifiers do
+  class Service
+    def self.expensive_operation
+      'done'
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Client
+    extend Modifiers
+
+    memoized def call_service
+      Service.expensive_operation
+    end
+  end
+
+  subject(:client) { Client.new }
+
+  describe '#memoized' do
+    it_behaves_like 'a modifier', :memoized
+
+    it 'prevents execution after the first time' do
+      expect(Service).to receive(:expensive_operation).once
+
+      subject.call_service
+      subject.call_service
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/modifiers/query_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+require 'spec_helper'
+require 'modifiers/query'
+
+RSpec.describe Modifiers do
+  class Test
+    extend Modifiers
+
+    def initialize(sub_test = nil)
+      @sub_test = sub_test
+      @enum = []
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :memo, :enum
+
+    query def fooer?
+      @memo ||= true
+    end
+
+    query def insertable?(val)
+      @enum << val
+    end
+
+    query def child_status
+      @sub_test.status
+    end
+  end
+
+  class SubTest
+    def status
+      @status ||= :awake
+    end
+  end
+
+  let(:child) { SubTest.new }
+  subject(:instance) { Test.new(child) }
+
+  describe '#query' do
+    it_behaves_like 'a modifier', :query
+
+    it "prevents the method from changing the object's instance variables" do
+      expect { subject.fooer? }.not_to change { subject.memo }
+    end
+
+    it 'prevents the method from altering arrays' do
+      expect { subject.insertable?(:foo) }.not_to change { subject.enum }
+    end
+
+    it 'prevents the method from altering linked objects' do
+      expect { instance.child_status }.not_to change { child.instance_variables }
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/shared_examples_for_modifiers.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+RSpec.shared_examples 'a modifier' do |modifier, changes_return_value: false|
+  let(:test_class) do
+    klass = Class.new do
+      extend Modifiers
+
+      def public_method(arg = :foo)
+        arg
+      end
+
+      protected
+
+      def protected_method
+        #
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def private_method
+        #
+      end
+    end
+    Object.const_set(random_class_name, klass)
+  end
+  let(:random_class_name) { (0...10).map { ('A'..'Z').to_a[rand(26)] }.join }
+  subject(:instance) { test_class.new }
+
+  unless changes_return_value
+    it 'does not change the return value of the method' do
+      test_class.send(modifier, :public_method)
+      expect(instance.public_method).to be :foo
+      expect(instance.public_method(:bar)).to be :bar
+    end
+  end
+
+  it 'does not change the visibility of a private method' do
+    test_class.send(modifier, :private_method)
+    expect(instance.private_methods).to include(:private_method)
+  end
+
+  it 'does not change the visibility of a protected method' do
+    test_class.send(modifier, :protected_method)
+    expect(instance.protected_methods).to include(:protected_method)
+  end
+
+  it 'does not increase the number of methods on the target' do
+    expect { test_class.send(modifier, :public_method) }.not_to change { test_class.methods }
+  end
+end

data/spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+APP_ROOT = File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..'))
+$LOAD_PATH << File.join(APP_ROOT, 'lib')
+
+require 'shared_examples_for_modifiers'
+
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  config.disable_monkey_patching!
+
+  config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks|
+    mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true
+  end
+end

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: modifiers
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.0.1
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- Nick Novitski
+autorequire: 
+bindir: bin
+cert_chain: []
+date: 2014-07-19 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: bundler
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.6'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.6'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rspec
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - ">="
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '0'
+description: A simple and composable way to add functionality to methods.
+email:
+- nicknovitski@gmail.com
+executables: []
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- ".gitignore"
+- Gemfile
+- LICENSE.txt
+- README.md
+- Rakefile
+- lib/modifiers.rb
+- lib/modifiers/command.rb
+- lib/modifiers/command_query.rb
+- lib/modifiers/define_modifier.rb
+- lib/modifiers/deprecated.rb
+- lib/modifiers/memoized.rb
+- lib/modifiers/method_invocation.rb
+- lib/modifiers/modification.rb
+- lib/modifiers/query.rb
+- lib/modifiers/version.rb
+- modifiers.gemspec
+- spec/modifiers/command_spec.rb
+- spec/modifiers/define_modifier_spec.rb
+- spec/modifiers/deprecated_spec.rb
+- spec/modifiers/memoized_spec.rb
+- spec/modifiers/query_spec.rb
+- spec/shared_examples_for_modifiers.rb
+- spec/spec_helper.rb
+homepage: https://github.com/nicknovitski/modifiers
+licenses:
+- MIT
+metadata: {}
+post_install_message: 
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: 2.1.0
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubyforge_project: 
+rubygems_version: 2.2.2
+signing_key: 
+specification_version: 4
+summary: Cute and Easy method modifiers (also called decorators)
+test_files:
+- spec/modifiers/command_spec.rb
+- spec/modifiers/define_modifier_spec.rb
+- spec/modifiers/deprecated_spec.rb
+- spec/modifiers/memoized_spec.rb
+- spec/modifiers/query_spec.rb
+- spec/shared_examples_for_modifiers.rb
+- spec/spec_helper.rb