mathematical 0.0.1 → 0.0.2

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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data/.gitignore

@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ test/version_tmp
 tmp
 /vendor/gems/
 bin/
-ext/blahtexml/Source/extconf.rb
-ext/blahtexml/Source/makefile
-ext/blahtexml/bin-blahtex
-ext/blahtexml/blahtex
+*.gif
+lib/mathematical.bundle
+text.html
+script/single_text
+file.svg

data/.gitmodules

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-[submodule "ext/blahtexml"]
-	path = ext/blahtexml
-	url = git@github.com:gvanas/blahtexml.git
-  ignore = dirty

data/README.md

@@ -23,42 +23,122 @@ Or install it yourself as:
 The simplest way to do this is
 
 ``` ruby
-Mathematical::Render.new.render(contents)
+Mathematical::Render.new.render(string_with_math)
 ```
 
-`contents` should just be a block of text, containing inline or display style math.
+`string_with_math` should just be a string, containing inline or display style math.
+The output will be all the math equations, as SVGs, converted into base64 encoded images.
+They look something like this:
 
-## Dependencies
+``` html
+<img class="type-inline" data-math-type="type-inline" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0..."/>
+
+```
+Inline math will have `class="type-inline" data-math-type="type-inline"` set, and display math will have
+`class="type-display" data-math-type="type-display"`.
+
+### Matched math notations
 
-Two dependencies are needed:
+Currently, the following formats are supported:
 
-* [blahtexml](https://github.com/gvanas/blahtexml). This does all the conversion
-from math to PNG. It's available for OS X (`make blahtex-mac`) and Linux (`make blahtex-linux`).
-* [dvipng](http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvipng/). I'm on a Mac, and could not
-for the life of me figure out how to build this. I ended up downloading [MacTex](https://www.tug.org/mactex/),
-which is a *huge* package. `dvipng` is installed under */usr/texbin/dvipng*.
+| inline formulas | displayed equations |
+| ------------- |-------------|
+| `$...$`      | `[...]`
+| `(...)`      | `\begin{equation}...\end{equation}`
 
-## Why did you...?
+## Options
 
-There are a smattering of Ruby, C, and Ruby+C libraries out there for converting
-math equations to a variety of formats. There needs to be a sane way to show math
-equations in the browser. The options are:
+`Mathematical::Render.new` can take a few options:
 
-* MathML: With browser support for MathML under attack, it's unfortunately not a sustainable
-solution
-* MathJax. While extremely popular, I dislike the "stuttering" effect caused by
-pages loading math. JavaScript shouldn't be used in situations where server-rendering
-is a possibility, in my opinion.
-* SVG: This would be a great choice, but, unfortunately, there are some [security concerns](http://www.hgi.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/media/hgi/veroeffentlichungen/2011/10/19/svgSecurity-ccs11.pdf) [PDF]
-that make me nervous
-* PNG: This is the format which `blahtexml` is capable of outputting. Working
-with a binary format has the downside of requiring it to be *hosted* somewhere.
+* `:ppi`, the pixels per inch of the resulting SVG (default: `72.0`)
+* `:zoom`, the zoome level of the resulting SVG (default: `1.0`)
 
-After considering these choices, I thought that a base64 encoded image made
-the most sense. You get the benefit of browser compatibility without needing
-to serve an image somewhere online.
+Pass these in as an options hash; these *must* be Float values! For example:
 
-## Further readings
+``` ruby
+opts = { :ppi => 200.0, :zoom => 5.0 }
+renderer = Mathematical::Render.new(opts)
+```
+
+## Dependencies
 
-* ftp://ftp.ams.org/ams/doc/amsmath/short-math-guide.pdf - a short math guide
-* http://gva.noekeon.org/blahtexml/blahtexml-0.9-doc.pdf - the blahtex documentation
+This package depends on the following libraries:
+
+* glib-2.0
+* gdk-pixbuf-2.0
+* xml2
+* cairo
+* pango
+* pangocairo
+
+* On a Mac, pretty much everything can be installed via Homebrew.
+* On a *nix machine, I'm sure it's possible via package managers to install all of these.
+* On a Windows machine, I have no idea.
+
+## History
+
+There are a smattering of libraries written in various languages to convert math
+into a variety of formats. But there needs to be a sane way to show math
+equations in the browser. With browser support for MathML under attack, it's
+unfortunately not a sustainable solution. A PNG or SVG representation of the
+equation is the safest way to go.
+
+Most advice suggests using [MathJax](http://www.mathjax.org/). While extremely popular
+I dislike the "stuttering" effect caused by pages loading math. JavaScript
+shouldn't be used in situations where server-rendering is a possibility, in my opinion.
+
+To that end, I obsessed over the problem of server-side math rendering for over a
+week. Here was my journey:
+
+* I started out with [`blahtexml`](https://github.com/gvanas/blahtexml), which takes
+TeX equations and converts them to PNG. This wasn't a bad idea, but it took too long;
+for twelve equations, it took eight seconds. It was slow because it shelled out
+to [`LaTeX`](http://www.latex-project.org/), *then* [`dvipng`](http://www.nongnu.org/dvipng/).
+  In fact, as I discovered, most projects on the 'Net shell out to `LaTeX`, then
+something else, which makes performance absolutely horrid. I had to find something
+better, with no preferably dependency on `LaTeX`.
+
+* [`mimetex`](http://www.forkosh.com/mimetex.html) was my next attempt. It looked
+great: a pure C implementation that turned TeX equations into a rasterized representation,
+and then into a PNG. The speed was there, but the output image was pretty jagged.
+I tweaked the program to output BMPs, and tried to sharpen those with [`potrace`](http://potrace.sourceforge.net/),
+but the results were less then pleasant. The "update" to `mimetex` is [`mathtex`](http://www.forkosh.com/mathtex.html),
+but it, too, depend on `LaTeX` and `dvipng` binaries to produce images.
+
+* [`pmml2svg`](http://pmml2svg.sourceforge.net/) had potential. It's a set of
+XSLT stylesheets to convert MathML to SVG. Unfortunately, it relies on XSLT 2.0,
+of which there are no Ruby bindings (at the time of this writing, April '14). It
+had to rely on [Saxon](http://saxon.sourceforge.net/) and Java.
+
+* [`tth`](http://hutchinson.belmont.ma.us/tth/) converts TeX to HTML, but the
+output is aesthetically unpleasing, so I passed.
+
+* Wikipedia uses [`texvc`](https://github.com/dlitz/texvc), which is written in OCaml,
+a language I am utterly unfamiliar with. In any event, I could not get the code
+to compile on my machine.
+
+* It took me forever to finally compile [`gtkmathview`](https://github.com/khaledhosny/gtkmathview),
+and when it did, I got a bunch of SVG images with screwed up fonts.
+
+* [`dvisvgm`](http://dvisvgm.sourceforge.net/) worked well, but still depended
+on two external binaries (`LaTeX` to convert the text to dvi, and `dvisvgm` to turn
+it into SVG)
+
+* At one point, I began to try and convert the MathJax code to Ruby to figure out
+how it accomplished its `toSVG` methods. The MathJax codebase, while written by
+geniuses, is absoloutely incomprehnsible, due in part to JavaScript's inability
+to possess a coherent structure.
+
+* Near the end of my wits, I mimicked the behavior of [`mathrender2`](https://github.com/quipper/mathrender2),
+which uses [PhantomJS](http://phantomjs.org/) to embed MathJax onto a fake
+HTML page. This produced exactly what I needed: a bunch of accurate SVG files with
+no intermediate binaries. It was, unfortunately, a bit slow: for an arbitrary
+composition of 880 equations, it took about eight seconds to complete. Could I
+do better?
+
+* I came across [Lasem](https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Projects/Lasem?action=show&redirect=Lasem),
+which meet every need. It has no external binary dependencies (only library packages),
+can convert directly to SVG, and it's fast. The same arbitrary 880 equations were
+rendered in less than three seconds.
+
+And thus a wrapper was born.

data/Rakefile

@@ -12,34 +12,6 @@ end
 
 task :default => [:test]
 
-namespace :git do
-  namespace :submodules do
-    desc "Initialize git submodules"
-    task :init do
-      system "git submodule init"
-      system "git submodule update"
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-task :makebin do
-  host_os = RbConfig::CONFIG['host_os']
-  Dir.chdir "ext/blahtexml" do
-    case host_os
-    # when /mswin|msys|mingw|cygwin|bccwin|wince|emc/
-    #   :windows
-    when /darwin|mac os/
-      `make blahtex-mac`
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p "../../bin/blahtex/macosx/"
-      FileUtils.cp "blahtex", "../../bin/blahtex/macosx/"
-    when /linux/
-      `make blahtex-linux`
-      FileUtils.mkdir_p "../../bin/blahtex/linux/"
-      FileUtils.cp "blahtex", "../../bin/blahtex/linux/"
-    # when /solaris|bsd/
-      # :unix
-    else
-      raise Error, "unknown os: #{host_os.inspect}"
-    end
-  end
-end
+require 'rake/extensiontask'
+spec = Gem::Specification.load('mathematical.gemspec')
+Rake::ExtensionTask.new('mathematical', spec)

data/ext/mathematical/README.itex2MML.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+itex2MML transforms itex (a dialect of latex) into MathML. itex2MML is developed by
+Paul Gartside and Jacques Distler.
+
+Currently, this is version `itex2MML@1.5.1`.
+
+Some documentation can be found here:
+
+* http://pear.math.pitt.edu/mathzilla/itex2mml.html
+* http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/~distler/blog/
+* http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/~distler/blog/archives/000644.html
+* http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/~distler/blog/itex2MMLcommands.html

data/ext/mathematical/README.lasem.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Lasem aims to be a C/Gobject based SVG/Mathml renderer and editor, supporting CSS
+style sheets (only rendering is implemented for now). It uses cairo and pango as
+it's rendering abstraction layer, and then support numerous output formats: xlib,
+PNG, SVG, PDF, PS, EPS... It's written by Emmanuel Pacaud.
+
+Currently, this is version `lasem@0.4.1`.
+
+Some documentation can be found here:
+
+* http://blogs.gnome.org/emmanuel/category/lasem/
+* https://github.com/GNOME/lasem

data/ext/mathematical/extconf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+require 'mkmf'
+
+extension_name = 'mathematical'
+
+# dir_config(extension_name)
+
+pkg_config("glib-2.0")
+pkg_config("gdk-pixbuf-2.0")
+
+have_library("xml2")
+find_header("libxml/tree.h", "/usr/include/libxml2", "/usr/local/include/libxml2")
+find_header("libxml/parser.h", "/usr/include/libxml2", "/usr/local/include/libxml2")
+find_header("libxml/xpath.h", "/usr/include/libxml2", "/usr/local/include/libxml2")
+find_header("libxml/xpathInternals.h", "/usr/include/libxml2", "/usr/local/include/libxml2")
+
+have_library("cairo")
+find_header("cairo.h", "/opt/X11/include/cairo")
+
+have_library("pangocairo")
+HEADER_DIRS = [
+  # First search /opt/local for macports
+  '/opt/boxen/homebrew/Cellar/pango/1.36.3/include/pango-1.0/',
+]
+
+LIB_DIRS = [
+  # First search /opt/local for macports
+  '/opt/boxen/homebrew/opt/pango/lib/'
+]
+
+dir_config('pango', HEADER_DIRS, LIB_DIRS)
+find_header("pango/pangocairo.h")
+find_header("pango/pango-font.h")
+
+unless find_library('pango-1.0', 'pango_font_description_new')
+  abort "libpango is missing.  please install libpango"
+end
+
+dir_config('pangocairo', HEADER_DIRS, LIB_DIRS)
+unless find_library('pangocairo-1.0', 'pango_cairo_font_map_get_default')
+  abort "libpango is missing.  please install libpango"
+end
+
+find_header("pango/pangocairo.h" , "/opt/boxen/homebrew/Cellar/pango/1.36.3/include/pango-1.0/")
+find_header("pango/pango-font.h" , "/opt/boxen/homebrew/Cellar/pango/1.36.3/include/pango-1.0/")
+find_header("pango/pango-fontmap.h" , "/opt/boxen/homebrew/Cellar/pango/1.36.3/include/pango-1.0/")
+
+# pangocairo-fontmap.c
+create_makefile(extension_name)
+
+# /opt/boxen/homebrew/opt/pango/lib/
+# otool -L lib/mathematical.bundle

data/ext/mathematical/itex2MML.h

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*             itex2MML 1.5.1
+ *   itex2MML.h last modified 1/5/2014
+ */
+
+#ifndef ITEX2MML_H
+#define ITEX2MML_H
+
+#define ITEX2MML_VERSION "1.5.1"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+  /* Step 1. Parse a buffer with itex source; return value is mathml, or 0 on failure (e.g., parse error).
+   */
+  extern char * itex2MML_parse (const char * buffer, unsigned long length);
+
+  /* Step 2. Free the string from Step 1.
+   */
+  extern void   itex2MML_free_string (char * str);
+
+
+  /* Alternatively, to filter generic source and converting embedded equations, use:
+   */
+  extern int    itex2MML_filter (const char * buffer, unsigned long length);
+
+  extern int    itex2MML_html_filter (const char * buffer, unsigned long length);
+  extern int    itex2MML_strict_html_filter (const char * buffer, unsigned long length);
+
+
+  /* To change output methods:
+   *
+   * Note: If length is 0, then buffer is treated like a string; otherwise only length bytes are written.
+   */
+  extern void (*itex2MML_write) (const char * buffer, unsigned long length); /* default writes to stdout */
+  extern void (*itex2MML_write_mathml) (const char * mathml);                /* default calls itex2MML_write(mathml,0) */
+  extern void (*itex2MML_error) (const char * msg);                          /* default writes to stderr */
+
+
+  /* Other stuff:
+   */
+  extern void   itex2MML_setup (const char * buffer, unsigned long length);
+
+  extern void   itex2MML_restart ();
+
+  extern char * itex2MML_copy_string (const char * str);
+  extern char * itex2MML_copy_string_extra (const char * str, unsigned extra);
+  extern char * itex2MML_copy2 (const char * first, const char * second);
+  extern char * itex2MML_copy3 (const char * first, const char * second, const char * third);
+  extern char * itex2MML_copy_escaped (const char * str);
+
+  extern char * itex2MML_empty_string;
+
+  extern int    itex2MML_lineno;
+
+  extern int    itex2MML_rowposn;
+  extern int    itex2MML_displaymode;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* ! ITEX2MML_H */

data/ext/mathematical/lasemrender.c

@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2007-2008  Emmanuel Pacaud
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General
+ * Public License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ *
+ * Author:
+ * 	Emmanuel Pacaud <emmanuel@gnome.org>
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <lsm.h>
+#include <lsmmathml.h>
+#include <glib.h>
+#include <glib/gi18n.h>
+#include <glib/gprintf.h>
+#include <gio/gio.h>
+#include <cairo-pdf.h>
+#include <cairo-svg.h>
+#include <cairo-ps.h>
+
+#include "itex2MML.h"
+
+static char *option_debug_domains = NULL;
+static char *option_output_file_format = NULL;
+static char **option_input_filenames = NULL;
+static char *option_output_filename = NULL;
+double option_ppi = 72.0;
+double option_zoom = 1.0;
+
+typedef enum {
+	FORMAT_SVG,
+	FORMAT_PDF,
+	FORMAT_PS,
+	FORMAT_PNG,
+	FORMAT_UNKNOWN
+} FileFormat;
+
+static char const *file_formats[] = {
+	"svg",
+	"pdf",
+	"ps",
+	"png",
+	"svg"
+};
+
+static const GOptionEntry entries[] =
+{
+	{ G_OPTION_REMAINING,	' ', 0,	G_OPTION_ARG_FILENAME_ARRAY,
+		&option_input_filenames, 	NULL, NULL},
+	{ "output",		'o', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_FILENAME,
+		&option_output_filename,	N_("Output filename"), NULL},
+	{ "format", 		'f', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_STRING,
+		&option_output_file_format, 	N_("Output format"), NULL },
+	{ "ppi", 		'p', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_DOUBLE,
+		&option_ppi, 			N_("Pixel per inch"), NULL },
+	{ "zoom", 		'z', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_DOUBLE,
+		&option_zoom, 			N_("Zoom"), NULL },
+	{ "debug", 		'd', 0, G_OPTION_ARG_STRING,
+		&option_debug_domains,		N_("Debug domains"), NULL },
+	{ NULL }
+};
+
+int mainbar(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	LsmDomDocument *document;
+	LsmDomView *view;
+	cairo_t *cairo;
+	cairo_surface_t *surface;
+	GError *error = NULL;
+	GOptionContext *context;
+	FileFormat format;
+	char *output_filename;
+	char *input_filename;
+	double height_pt, width_pt;
+	unsigned int height, width;
+
+	g_type_init ();
+
+	context = g_option_context_new (NULL);
+	g_option_context_add_main_entries (context, entries, NULL);
+
+	// if (!g_option_context_parse (context, &argc, &argv, &error))
+	// {
+	// 	g_option_context_free (context);
+	// 	g_print (_("Option parsing failed: %s\n"), error->message);
+	// 	return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	// }
+
+	g_option_context_free (context);
+
+	// if (option_zoom < 0.0) {
+	// 	g_print (_("Invalid zoom value"));
+	// 	return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	// }
+
+	lsm_debug_enable (option_debug_domains);
+
+	// if (option_input_filenames == NULL || g_strv_length (option_input_filenames) > 1) {
+	// 	g_print (_("One input file name is required\n"));
+	// 	return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	// }
+	// option_input_filenames = ;
+
+	input_filename = "/Users/garentorikian/Downloads/lasem-ruby/foo.mml";
+
+	if (option_output_file_format != NULL) {
+		for (format = 0; format < G_N_ELEMENTS(file_formats) - 1; format++)
+			if (g_ascii_strcasecmp (option_output_file_format, file_formats[format]) == 0)
+				break;
+		if (FORMAT_UNKNOWN == format) {
+			g_print (_("Unknown format : %s\n"), option_output_file_format);
+			return EXIT_FAILURE;
+		}
+	} else
+		format = FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
+
+	if (option_output_filename != NULL) {
+		char *extension;
+
+		output_filename = option_output_filename;
+
+		extension = g_strrstr (output_filename, ".");
+		if (extension != NULL) {
+			extension++;
+			for (format = 0; format < G_N_ELEMENTS(file_formats) - 1; format++)
+				if (g_ascii_strcasecmp (extension, file_formats[format]) == 0)
+					break;
+		}
+	} else {
+		char *filename;
+		char *directory;
+		char *extension;
+		char *new_filename;
+
+		filename = g_path_get_basename (input_filename);
+		directory = g_path_get_dirname (input_filename);
+
+		extension = g_strrstr (filename, ".");
+		if (extension != NULL)
+			*extension = '\0';
+
+		new_filename = g_strconcat (filename, ".", file_formats[format], NULL);
+		output_filename = g_build_filename (directory, new_filename, NULL);
+
+		g_free (filename);
+		g_free (new_filename);
+		g_free (directory);
+	}
+
+	document = lsm_dom_document_new_from_path (input_filename,
+						   NULL);
+	if (document == NULL) {
+		document = lsm_dom_document_new_from_url (input_filename,
+							  NULL);
+		if (document == NULL) {
+			document = LSM_DOM_DOCUMENT (lsm_mathml_document_new_from_itex_path (input_filename,
+											     NULL));
+			if (document == NULL) {
+				document = LSM_DOM_DOCUMENT (lsm_mathml_document_new_from_itex_url (input_filename,
+												    NULL));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (document != NULL) {
+		if (lsm_debug_check (&lsm_debug_category_dom, LSM_DEBUG_LEVEL_LOG)) {
+			void *buffer;
+			int size;
+
+			lsm_dom_document_save_to_memory (document, &buffer, &size, NULL);
+
+			if (buffer != NULL) {
+				g_printf ("%*s\n", size, (char *) buffer);
+				g_free (buffer);
+			}
+		}
+
+		view = lsm_dom_document_create_view (document);
+		lsm_dom_view_set_resolution (view, option_ppi);
+
+		width_pt = 2.0;
+		height_pt = 2.0;
+
+		lsm_dom_view_get_size (view, &width_pt, &height_pt, NULL);
+		lsm_dom_view_get_size_pixels (view, &width, &height, NULL);
+
+		width_pt *= option_zoom;
+		height_pt *= option_zoom;
+		width *= option_zoom;
+		height *= option_zoom;
+
+		switch (format) {
+			case FORMAT_PDF:
+				surface = cairo_pdf_surface_create (output_filename,
+								    width_pt, height_pt);
+				break;
+			case FORMAT_PS:
+				surface = cairo_ps_surface_create (output_filename,
+								   width_pt, height_pt);
+				break;
+			case FORMAT_PNG:
+				surface = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32,
+								      width,
+								      height);
+				break;
+			case FORMAT_SVG:
+			default:
+				surface = cairo_svg_surface_create (output_filename,
+								    width_pt, height_pt);
+				break;
+		}
+
+		cairo = cairo_create (surface);
+		cairo_surface_destroy (surface);
+		cairo_scale (cairo, option_zoom, option_zoom);
+
+		lsm_dom_view_render (view, cairo, 0, 0);
+
+		switch (format) {
+			case FORMAT_PNG:
+				cairo_surface_write_to_png (cairo_get_target (cairo),
+							    output_filename);
+				break;
+			default:
+				break;
+		}
+
+		cairo_destroy (cairo);
+
+		g_object_unref (view);
+
+		g_object_unref (document);
+
+		lsm_debug_render ("width = %g pt, height = %g pt",  width_pt, height_pt);
+	} else {
+		g_print (_("Can't load '%s'\n"), input_filename);
+
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}