lodash-rails 0.7.0

data/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# lodash-rails
+
+[Lo-Dash](http://lodash.com/) for the Rails asset pipeline.
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to the assets group in your Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'lodash-rails'
+```
+
+Add the necessary library to `app/assets/javascripts/application.js`:
+
+```js
+//= require lodash
+```
+
+## What's included?
+
+* Lo-Dash 0.7.0 (lodash, lodash.min)
+
+Copyright Richard Hubers, released under the MIT License.

data/lib/lodash-rails.rb

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+require 'lodash/rails'

data/lib/lodash/rails.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+require 'lodash/rails/engine'
+require 'lodash/rails/version'

data/lib/lodash/rails/engine.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+module LoDash
+  module Rails
+    class Engine < ::Rails::Engine
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/lodash/rails/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module LoDash
+  module Rails
+    VERSION = "0.7.0"
+  end
+end

data/vendor/assets/javascripts/lodash.js

@@ -0,0 +1,4460 @@
+/*!
+ * Lo-Dash v0.7.0 <http://lodash.com>
+ * Copyright 2012 John-David Dalton <http://allyoucanleet.com/>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.3.3, copyright 2009-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+ * <http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore>
+ * Available under MIT license <http://lodash.com/license>
+ */
+;(function(window, undefined) {
+  'use strict';
+
+  /**
+   * Used to cache the last `_.templateSettings.evaluate` delimiter to avoid
+   * unnecessarily assigning `reEvaluateDelimiter` a new generated regexp.
+   * Assigned in `_.template`.
+   */
+  var lastEvaluateDelimiter;
+
+  /**
+   * Used to cache the last template `options.variable` to avoid unnecessarily
+   * assigning `reDoubleVariable` a new generated regexp. Assigned in `_.template`.
+   */
+  var lastVariable;
+
+  /**
+   * Used to match potentially incorrect data object references, like `obj.obj`,
+   * in compiled templates. Assigned in `_.template`.
+   */
+  var reDoubleVariable;
+
+  /**
+   * Used to match "evaluate" delimiters, including internal delimiters,
+   * in template text. Assigned in `_.template`.
+   */
+  var reEvaluateDelimiter;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `exports` */
+  var freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports &&
+    (typeof global == 'object' && global && global == global.global && (window = global), exports);
+
+  /** Native prototype shortcuts */
+  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype,
+      BoolProto = Boolean.prototype,
+      ObjectProto = Object.prototype,
+      NumberProto = Number.prototype,
+      StringProto = String.prototype;
+
+  /** Used to generate unique IDs */
+  var idCounter = 0;
+
+  /** Used by `cachedContains` as the default size when optimizations are enabled for large arrays */
+  var largeArraySize = 30;
+
+  /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
+  var oldDash = window._;
+
+  /** Used to detect delimiter values that should be processed by `tokenizeEvaluate` */
+  var reComplexDelimiter = /[-?+=!~*%&^<>|{(\/]|\[\D|\b(?:delete|in|instanceof|new|typeof|void)\b/;
+
+  /** Used to match HTML entities */
+  var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#x27);/g;
+
+  /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source */
+  var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
+      reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
+      reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;
+
+  /** Used to match regexp flags from their coerced string values */
+  var reFlags = /\w*$/;
+
+  /** Used to insert the data object variable into compiled template source */
+  var reInsertVariable = /(?:__e|__t = )\(\s*(?![\d\s"']|this\.)/g;
+
+  /** Used to detect if a method is native */
+  var reNative = RegExp('^' +
+    (ObjectProto.valueOf + '')
+      .replace(/[.*+?^=!:${}()|[\]\/\\]/g, '\\$&')
+      .replace(/valueOf|for [^\]]+/g, '.+?') + '$'
+  );
+
+  /** Used to match internally used tokens in template text */
+  var reToken = /__token(\d+)__/g;
+
+  /** Used to match HTML characters */
+  var reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"']/g;
+
+  /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */
+  var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\t\u2028\u2029\\]/g;
+
+  /** Used to fix the JScript [[DontEnum]] bug */
+  var shadowed = [
+    'constructor', 'hasOwnProperty', 'isPrototypeOf', 'propertyIsEnumerable',
+    'toLocaleString', 'toString', 'valueOf'
+  ];
+
+  /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify */
+  var templateCounter = 0;
+
+  /** Used to replace template delimiters */
+  var tokenHead = '__token',
+      tokenFoot = '__';
+
+  /** Used to store tokenized template text snippets */
+  var tokenized = [];
+
+  /** Native method shortcuts */
+  var concat = ArrayProto.concat,
+      hasOwnProperty = ObjectProto.hasOwnProperty,
+      push = ArrayProto.push,
+      propertyIsEnumerable = ObjectProto.propertyIsEnumerable,
+      slice = ArrayProto.slice,
+      toString = ObjectProto.toString;
+
+  /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
+  var nativeBind = reNative.test(nativeBind = slice.bind) && nativeBind,
+      nativeFloor = Math.floor,
+      nativeIsArray = reNative.test(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
+      nativeIsFinite = window.isFinite,
+      nativeKeys = reNative.test(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
+      nativeMax = Math.max,
+      nativeMin = Math.min,
+      nativeRandom = Math.random;
+
+  /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
+  var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
+      arrayClass = '[object Array]',
+      boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
+      dateClass = '[object Date]',
+      funcClass = '[object Function]',
+      numberClass = '[object Number]',
+      objectClass = '[object Object]',
+      regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
+      stringClass = '[object String]';
+
+  /** Timer shortcuts */
+  var clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
+      setTimeout = window.setTimeout;
+
+  /**
+   * Detect the JScript [[DontEnum]] bug:
+   *
+   * In IE < 9 an objects own properties, shadowing non-enumerable ones, are
+   * made non-enumerable as well.
+   */
+  var hasDontEnumBug;
+
+  /**
+   * Detect if `Array#shift` and `Array#splice` augment array-like objects
+   * incorrectly:
+   *
+   * Firefox < 10, IE compatibility mode, and IE < 9 have buggy Array `shift()`
+   * and `splice()` functions that fail to remove the last element, `value[0]`,
+   * of array-like objects even though the `length` property is set to `0`.
+   * The `shift()` method is buggy in IE 8 compatibility mode, while `splice()`
+   * is buggy regardless of mode in IE < 9 and buggy in compatibility mode in IE 9.
+   */
+  var hasObjectSpliceBug;
+
+  /** Detect if own properties are iterated after inherited properties (IE < 9) */
+  var iteratesOwnLast;
+
+  /** Detect if an `arguments` object's indexes are non-enumerable (IE < 9) */
+  var noArgsEnum = true;
+
+  (function() {
+    var object = { '0': 1, 'length': 1 },
+        props = [];
+
+    function ctor() { this.x = 1; }
+    ctor.prototype = { 'valueOf': 1, 'y': 1 };
+    for (var prop in new ctor) { props.push(prop); }
+    for (prop in arguments) { noArgsEnum = !prop; }
+
+    hasDontEnumBug = (props + '').length < 4;
+    iteratesOwnLast = props[0] != 'x';
+    hasObjectSpliceBug = (props.splice.call(object, 0, 1), object[0]);
+  }(1));
+
+  /** Detect if an `arguments` object's [[Class]] is unresolvable (Firefox < 4, IE < 9) */
+  var noArgsClass = !isArguments(arguments);
+
+  /** Detect if `Array#slice` cannot be used to convert strings to arrays (Opera < 10.52) */
+  var noArraySliceOnStrings = slice.call('x')[0] != 'x';
+
+  /**
+   * Detect lack of support for accessing string characters by index:
+   *
+   * IE < 8 can't access characters by index and IE 8 can only access
+   * characters by index on string literals.
+   */
+  var noCharByIndex = ('x'[0] + Object('x')[0]) != 'xx';
+
+  /**
+   * Detect if a node's [[Class]] is unresolvable (IE < 9)
+   * and that the JS engine won't error when attempting to coerce an object to
+   * a string without a `toString` property value of `typeof` "function".
+   */
+  try {
+    var noNodeClass = ({ 'toString': 0 } + '', toString.call(window.document || 0) == objectClass);
+  } catch(e) { }
+
+  /* Detect if `Function#bind` exists and is inferred to be fast (all but V8) */
+  var isBindFast = nativeBind && /\n|Opera/.test(nativeBind + toString.call(window.opera));
+
+  /* Detect if `Object.keys` exists and is inferred to be fast (IE, Opera, V8) */
+  var isKeysFast = nativeKeys && /^.+$|true/.test(nativeKeys + !!window.attachEvent);
+
+  /* Detect if strict mode, "use strict", is inferred to be fast (V8) */
+  var isStrictFast = !isBindFast;
+
+  /**
+   * Detect if sourceURL syntax is usable without erroring:
+   *
+   * The JS engine in Adobe products, like InDesign, will throw a syntax error
+   * when it encounters a single line comment beginning with the `@` symbol.
+   *
+   * The JS engine in Narwhal will generate the function `function anonymous(){//}`
+   * and throw a syntax error.
+   *
+   * Avoid comments beginning `@` symbols in IE because they are part of its
+   * non-standard conditional compilation support.
+   * http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/121hztk3(v=vs.94).aspx
+   */
+  try {
+    var useSourceURL = (Function('//@')(), !window.attachEvent);
+  } catch(e) { }
+
+  /** Used to identify object classifications that are array-like */
+  var arrayLikeClasses = {};
+  arrayLikeClasses[boolClass] = arrayLikeClasses[dateClass] = arrayLikeClasses[funcClass] =
+  arrayLikeClasses[numberClass] = arrayLikeClasses[objectClass] = arrayLikeClasses[regexpClass] = false;
+  arrayLikeClasses[argsClass] = arrayLikeClasses[arrayClass] = arrayLikeClasses[stringClass] = true;
+
+  /** Used to identify object classifications that `_.clone` supports */
+  var cloneableClasses = {};
+  cloneableClasses[argsClass] = cloneableClasses[funcClass] = false;
+  cloneableClasses[arrayClass] = cloneableClasses[boolClass] = cloneableClasses[dateClass] =
+  cloneableClasses[numberClass] = cloneableClasses[objectClass] = cloneableClasses[regexpClass] =
+  cloneableClasses[stringClass] = true;
+
+  /**
+   * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:
+   *
+   * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`
+   * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part
+   * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.
+   * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under "semi-related fun fact")
+   */
+  var htmlEscapes = {
+    '&': '&amp;',
+    '<': '&lt;',
+    '>': '&gt;',
+    '"': '&quot;',
+    "'": '&#x27;'
+  };
+
+  /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */
+  var htmlUnescapes = {
+    '&amp;': '&',
+    '&lt;': '<',
+    '&gt;': '>',
+    '&quot;': '"',
+    '&#x27;': "'"
+  };
+
+  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */
+  var objectTypes = {
+    'boolean': false,
+    'function': true,
+    'object': true,
+    'number': false,
+    'string': false,
+    'undefined': false,
+    'unknown': true
+  };
+
+  /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */
+  var stringEscapes = {
+    '\\': '\\',
+    "'": "'",
+    '\n': 'n',
+    '\r': 'r',
+    '\t': 't',
+    '\u2028': 'u2028',
+    '\u2029': 'u2029'
+  };
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * The `lodash` function.
+   *
+   * @name _
+   * @constructor
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap in a `LoDash` instance.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns a `LoDash` instance.
+   */
+  function lodash(value) {
+    // allow invoking `lodash` without the `new` operator
+    return new LoDash(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a `LoDash` instance that wraps a value to allow chaining.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @constructor
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap.
+   */
+  function LoDash(value) {
+    // exit early if already wrapped
+    if (value && value.__wrapped__) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    this.__wrapped__ = value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in
+   * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative
+   * delimiters.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type Object
+   */
+  lodash.templateSettings = {
+
+    /**
+     * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+     * @type RegExp
+     */
+    'escape': /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+    /**
+     * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+     * @type RegExp
+     */
+    'evaluate': /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+    /**
+     * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+     * @type RegExp
+     */
+    'interpolate': /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+    /**
+     * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
+     *
+     * @static
+     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+     * @type String
+     */
+    'variable': ''
+  };
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * The template used to create iterator functions.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Obect} data The data object used to populate the text.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the interpolated text.
+   */
+  var iteratorTemplate = template(
+    // conditional strict mode
+    '<% if (useStrict) { %>\'use strict\';\n<% } %>' +
+
+    // the `iteratee` may be reassigned by the `top` snippet
+    'var index, value, iteratee = <%= firstArg %>, ' +
+    // assign the `result` variable an initial value
+    'result<% if (init) { %> = <%= init %><% } %>;\n' +
+    // add code to exit early or do so if the first argument is falsey
+    '<%= exit %>;\n' +
+    // add code after the exit snippet but before the iteration branches
+    '<%= top %>;\n' +
+
+    // the following branch is for iterating arrays and array-like objects
+    '<% if (arrayBranch) { %>' +
+    'var length = iteratee.length; index = -1;' +
+    '  <% if (objectBranch) { %>\nif (length > -1 && length === length >>> 0) {<% } %>' +
+
+    // add support for accessing string characters by index if needed
+    '  <% if (noCharByIndex) { %>\n' +
+    '  if (toString.call(iteratee) == stringClass) {\n' +
+    '    iteratee = iteratee.split(\'\')\n' +
+    '  }' +
+    '  <% } %>\n' +
+
+    '  <%= arrayBranch.beforeLoop %>;\n' +
+    '  while (++index < length) {\n' +
+    '    value = iteratee[index];\n' +
+    '    <%= arrayBranch.inLoop %>\n' +
+    '  }' +
+    '  <% if (objectBranch) { %>\n}<% } %>' +
+    '<% } %>' +
+
+    // the following branch is for iterating an object's own/inherited properties
+    '<% if (objectBranch) { %>' +
+    '  <% if (arrayBranch) { %>\nelse {' +
+
+    // add support for iterating over `arguments` objects if needed
+    '  <%  } else if (noArgsEnum) { %>\n' +
+    '  var length = iteratee.length; index = -1;\n' +
+    '  if (length && isArguments(iteratee)) {\n' +
+    '    while (++index < length) {\n' +
+    '      value = iteratee[index += \'\'];\n' +
+    '      <%= objectBranch.inLoop %>\n' +
+    '    }\n' +
+    '  } else {' +
+    '  <% } %>' +
+
+    // Firefox < 3.6, Opera > 9.50 - Opera < 11.60, and Safari < 5.1
+    // (if the prototype or a property on the prototype has been set)
+    // incorrectly sets a function's `prototype` property [[Enumerable]]
+    // value to `true`. Because of this Lo-Dash standardizes on skipping
+    // the the `prototype` property of functions regardless of its
+    // [[Enumerable]] value.
+    '  <% if (!hasDontEnumBug) { %>\n' +
+    '  var skipProto = typeof iteratee == \'function\' && \n' +
+    '    propertyIsEnumerable.call(iteratee, \'prototype\');\n' +
+    '  <% } %>' +
+
+    // iterate own properties using `Object.keys` if it's fast
+    '  <% if (isKeysFast && useHas) { %>\n' +
+    '  var ownIndex = -1,\n' +
+    '      ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iteratee] ? nativeKeys(iteratee) : [],\n' +
+    '      length = ownProps.length;\n\n' +
+    '  <%= objectBranch.beforeLoop %>;\n' +
+    '  while (++ownIndex < length) {\n' +
+    '    index = ownProps[ownIndex];\n' +
+    '    <% if (!hasDontEnumBug) { %>if (!(skipProto && index == \'prototype\')) {\n  <% } %>' +
+    '    value = iteratee[index];\n' +
+    '    <%= objectBranch.inLoop %>\n' +
+    '    <% if (!hasDontEnumBug) { %>}\n<% } %>' +
+    '  }' +
+
+    // else using a for-in loop
+    '  <% } else { %>\n' +
+    '  <%= objectBranch.beforeLoop %>;\n' +
+    '  for (index in iteratee) {<%' +
+    '    if (!hasDontEnumBug || useHas) { %>\n    if (<%' +
+    '      if (!hasDontEnumBug) { %>!(skipProto && index == \'prototype\')<% }' +
+    '      if (!hasDontEnumBug && useHas) { %> && <% }' +
+    '      if (useHas) { %>hasOwnProperty.call(iteratee, index)<% }' +
+    '    %>) {' +
+    '    <% } %>\n' +
+    '    value = iteratee[index];\n' +
+    '    <%= objectBranch.inLoop %>;\n' +
+    '    <% if (!hasDontEnumBug || useHas) { %>}\n<% } %>' +
+    '  }' +
+    '  <% } %>' +
+
+    // Because IE < 9 can't set the `[[Enumerable]]` attribute of an
+    // existing property and the `constructor` property of a prototype
+    // defaults to non-enumerable, Lo-Dash skips the `constructor`
+    // property when it infers it's iterating over a `prototype` object.
+    '  <% if (hasDontEnumBug) { %>\n\n' +
+    '  var ctor = iteratee.constructor;\n' +
+    '    <% for (var k = 0; k < 7; k++) { %>\n' +
+    '  index = \'<%= shadowed[k] %>\';\n' +
+    '  if (<%' +
+    '      if (shadowed[k] == \'constructor\') {' +
+    '        %>!(ctor && ctor.prototype === iteratee) && <%' +
+    '      } %>hasOwnProperty.call(iteratee, index)) {\n' +
+    '    value = iteratee[index];\n' +
+    '    <%= objectBranch.inLoop %>\n' +
+    '  }' +
+    '    <% } %>' +
+    '  <% } %>' +
+    '  <% if (arrayBranch || noArgsEnum) { %>\n}<% } %>' +
+    '<% } %>\n' +
+
+    // add code to the bottom of the iteration function
+    '<%= bottom %>;\n' +
+    // finally, return the `result`
+    'return result'
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Reusable iterator options shared by
+   * `every`, `filter`, `find`, `forEach`, `forIn`, `forOwn`, `groupBy`, `map`,
+   * `reject`, `some`, and `sortBy`.
+   */
+  var baseIteratorOptions = {
+    'args': 'collection, callback, thisArg',
+    'init': 'collection',
+    'top':
+      'if (!callback) {\n' +
+      '  callback = identity\n' +
+      '}\n' +
+      'else if (thisArg) {\n' +
+      '  callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg)\n' +
+      '}',
+    'inLoop': 'if (callback(value, index, collection) === false) return result'
+  };
+
+  /** Reusable iterator options for `countBy`, `groupBy`, and `sortBy` */
+  var countByIteratorOptions = {
+    'init': '{}',
+    'top':
+      'var prop;\n' +
+      'if (typeof callback != \'function\') {\n' +
+      '  var valueProp = callback;\n' +
+      '  callback = function(value) { return value[valueProp] }\n' +
+      '}\n' +
+      'else if (thisArg) {\n' +
+      '  callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg)\n' +
+      '}',
+    'inLoop':
+      'prop = callback(value, index, collection);\n' +
+      '(hasOwnProperty.call(result, prop) ? result[prop]++ : result[prop] = 1)'
+  };
+
+  /** Reusable iterator options for `every` and `some` */
+  var everyIteratorOptions = {
+    'init': 'true',
+    'inLoop': 'if (!callback(value, index, collection)) return !result'
+  };
+
+  /** Reusable iterator options for `defaults` and `extend` */
+  var extendIteratorOptions = {
+    'useHas': false,
+    'useStrict': false,
+    'args': 'object',
+    'init': 'object',
+    'top':
+      'for (var argsIndex = 1, argsLength = arguments.length; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {\n' +
+      '  if (iteratee = arguments[argsIndex]) {',
+    'inLoop': 'result[index] = value',
+    'bottom': '  }\n}'
+  };
+
+  /** Reusable iterator options for `filter`, `reject`, and `where` */
+  var filterIteratorOptions = {
+    'init': '[]',
+    'inLoop': 'callback(value, index, collection) && result.push(value)'
+  };
+
+  /** Reusable iterator options for `find`, `forEach`, `forIn`, and `forOwn` */
+  var forEachIteratorOptions = {
+    'top': 'if (thisArg) callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg)'
+  };
+
+  /** Reusable iterator options for `forIn` and `forOwn` */
+  var forOwnIteratorOptions = {
+    'inLoop': {
+      'object': baseIteratorOptions.inLoop
+    }
+  };
+
+  /** Reusable iterator options for `invoke`, `map`, `pluck`, and `sortBy` */
+  var mapIteratorOptions = {
+    'init': '',
+    'exit': 'if (!collection) return []',
+    'beforeLoop': {
+      'array':  'result = Array(length)',
+      'object': 'result = ' + (isKeysFast ? 'Array(length)' : '[]')
+    },
+    'inLoop': {
+      'array':  'result[index] = callback(value, index, collection)',
+      'object': 'result' + (isKeysFast ? '[ownIndex] = ' : '.push') + '(callback(value, index, collection))'
+    }
+  };
+
+  /** Reusable iterator options for `omit` and `pick` */
+  var omitIteratorOptions = {
+    'useHas': false,
+    'args': 'object, callback, thisArg',
+    'init': '{}',
+    'top':
+      'var isFunc = typeof callback == \'function\';\n' +
+      'if (!isFunc) {\n' +
+      '  var props = concat.apply(ArrayProto, arguments)\n' +
+      '} else if (thisArg) {\n' +
+      '  callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg)\n' +
+      '}',
+    'inLoop':
+      'if (isFunc\n' +
+      '  ? !callback(value, index, object)\n' +
+      '  : indexOf(props, index) < 0\n' +
+      ') result[index] = value'
+  };
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function optimized for searching large arrays for a given `value`,
+   * starting at `fromIndex`, using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+   * @param {Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start searching from.
+   * @param {Number} [largeSize=30] The length at which an array is considered large.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is found, else `false`.
+   */
+  function cachedContains(array, fromIndex, largeSize) {
+    fromIndex || (fromIndex = 0);
+
+    var length = array.length,
+        isLarge = (length - fromIndex) >= (largeSize || largeArraySize),
+        cache = isLarge ? {} : array;
+
+    if (isLarge) {
+      // init value cache
+      var key,
+          index = fromIndex - 1;
+
+      while (++index < length) {
+        // manually coerce `value` to string because `hasOwnProperty`, in some
+        // older versions of Firefox, coerces objects incorrectly
+        key = array[index] + '';
+        (hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key) ? cache[key] : (cache[key] = [])).push(array[index]);
+      }
+    }
+    return function(value) {
+      if (isLarge) {
+        var key = value + '';
+        return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key) && indexOf(cache[key], value) > -1;
+      }
+      return indexOf(cache, value, fromIndex) > -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates compiled iteration functions. The iteration function will be created
+   * to iterate over only objects if the first argument of `options.args` is
+   * "object" or `options.inLoop.array` is falsey.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} [options1, options2, ...] The compile options objects.
+   *
+   *  useHas - A boolean to specify whether or not to use `hasOwnProperty` checks
+   *   in the object loop.
+   *
+   *  useStrict - A boolean to specify whether or not to include the ES5
+   *   "use strict" directive.
+   *
+   *  args - A string of comma separated arguments the iteration function will
+   *   accept.
+   *
+   *  init - A string to specify the initial value of the `result` variable.
+   *
+   *  exit - A string of code to use in place of the default exit-early check
+   *   of `if (!arguments[0]) return result`.
+   *
+   *  top - A string of code to execute after the exit-early check but before
+   *   the iteration branches.
+   *
+   *  beforeLoop - A string or object containing an "array" or "object" property
+   *   of code to execute before the array or object loops.
+   *
+   *  inLoop - A string or object containing an "array" or "object" property
+   *   of code to execute in the array or object loops.
+   *
+   *  bottom - A string of code to execute after the iteration branches but
+   *   before the `result` is returned.
+   *
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the compiled function.
+   */
+  function createIterator() {
+    var object,
+        prop,
+        value,
+        index = -1,
+        length = arguments.length;
+
+    // merge options into a template data object
+    var data = {
+      'bottom': '',
+      'exit': '',
+      'init': '',
+      'top': '',
+      'arrayBranch': { 'beforeLoop': '' },
+      'objectBranch': { 'beforeLoop': '' }
+    };
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      object = arguments[index];
+      for (prop in object) {
+        value = (value = object[prop]) == null ? '' : value;
+        // keep this regexp explicit for the build pre-process
+        if (/beforeLoop|inLoop/.test(prop)) {
+          if (typeof value == 'string') {
+            value = { 'array': value, 'object': value };
+          }
+          data.arrayBranch[prop] = value.array || '';
+          data.objectBranch[prop] = value.object || '';
+        } else {
+          data[prop] = value;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // set additional template `data` values
+    var args = data.args,
+        firstArg = /^[^,]+/.exec(args)[0],
+        useStrict = data.useStrict;
+
+    data.firstArg = firstArg;
+    data.hasDontEnumBug = hasDontEnumBug;
+    data.isKeysFast = isKeysFast;
+    data.noArgsEnum = noArgsEnum;
+    data.shadowed = shadowed;
+    data.useHas = data.useHas !== false;
+    data.useStrict = useStrict == null ? isStrictFast : useStrict;
+
+    if (data.noCharByIndex == null) {
+      data.noCharByIndex = noCharByIndex;
+    }
+    if (!data.exit) {
+      data.exit = 'if (!' + firstArg + ') return result';
+    }
+    if (firstArg != 'collection' || !data.arrayBranch.inLoop) {
+      data.arrayBranch = null;
+    }
+    // create the function factory
+    var factory = Function(
+        'arrayLikeClasses, ArrayProto, bind, compareAscending, concat, forIn, ' +
+        'hasOwnProperty, identity, indexOf, isArguments, isArray, isFunction, ' +
+        'isPlainObject, iteratorBind, objectClass, objectTypes, nativeKeys, ' +
+        'propertyIsEnumerable, slice, stringClass, toString',
+      'var callee = function(' + args + ') {\n' + iteratorTemplate(data) + '\n};\n' +
+      'return callee'
+    );
+    // return the compiled function
+    return factory(
+      arrayLikeClasses, ArrayProto, bind, compareAscending, concat, forIn,
+      hasOwnProperty, identity, indexOf, isArguments, isArray, isFunction,
+      isPlainObject, iteratorBind, objectClass, objectTypes, nativeKeys,
+      propertyIsEnumerable, slice, stringClass, toString
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` values, stable sorting
+   * them in ascending order.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.
+   * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.
+   */
+  function compareAscending(a, b) {
+    var ai = a.index,
+        bi = b.index;
+
+    a = a.criteria;
+    b = b.criteria;
+
+    // ensure a stable sort in V8 and other engines
+    // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90
+    if (a !== b) {
+      if (a > b || a === undefined) {
+        return 1;
+      }
+      if (a < b || b === undefined) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+    return ai < bi ? -1 : 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `template` to replace tokens with their corresponding code snippets.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched token.
+   * @param {String} index The `tokenized` index of the code snippet.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the code snippet.
+   */
+  function detokenize(match, index) {
+    return tokenized[index];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
+   * string literals.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
+   */
+  function escapeStringChar(match) {
+    return '\\' + stringEscapes[match];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
+   */
+  function escapeHtmlChar(match) {
+    return htmlEscapes[match];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
+   * binding of `thisArg` and the arguments (value, index, object).
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+   */
+  function iteratorBind(func, thisArg) {
+    return function(value, index, object) {
+      return func.call(thisArg, value, index, object);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A no-operation function.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  function noop() {
+    // no operation performed
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `template` to replace "escape" template delimiters with tokens.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched template delimiter.
+   * @param {String} value The delimiter value.
+   * @returns {String} Returns a token.
+   */
+  function tokenizeEscape(match, value) {
+    if (match && reComplexDelimiter.test(value)) {
+      return '<e%-' + value + '%>';
+    }
+    var index = tokenized.length;
+    tokenized[index] = "' +\n__e(" + value + ") +\n'";
+    return tokenHead + index + tokenFoot;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `template` to replace "evaluate" template delimiters, or complex
+   * "escape" and "interpolate" delimiters, with tokens.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched template delimiter.
+   * @param {String} escapeValue The complex "escape" delimiter value.
+   * @param {String} interpolateValue The complex "interpolate" delimiter value.
+   * @param {String} [evaluateValue] The "evaluate" delimiter value.
+   * @returns {String} Returns a token.
+   */
+  function tokenizeEvaluate(match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, evaluateValue) {
+    if (evaluateValue) {
+      var index = tokenized.length;
+      tokenized[index] = "';\n" + evaluateValue + ";\n__p += '";
+      return tokenHead + index + tokenFoot;
+    }
+    return escapeValue
+      ? tokenizeEscape(null, escapeValue)
+      : tokenizeInterpolate(null, interpolateValue);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `template` to replace "interpolate" template delimiters with tokens.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched template delimiter.
+   * @param {String} value The delimiter value.
+   * @returns {String} Returns a token.
+   */
+  function tokenizeInterpolate(match, value) {
+    if (match && reComplexDelimiter.test(value)) {
+      return '<e%=' + value + '%>';
+    }
+    var index = tokenized.length;
+    tokenized[index] = "' +\n((__t = (" + value + ")) == null ? '' : __t) +\n'";
+    return tokenHead + index + tokenFoot;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched character to unescape.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the unescaped character.
+   */
+  function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {
+    return htmlUnescapes[match];
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isArguments(value) {
+    return toString.call(value) == argsClass;
+  }
+  // fallback for browsers that can't detect `arguments` objects by [[Class]]
+  if (noArgsClass) {
+    isArguments = function(value) {
+      return !!(value && hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee'));
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is an array.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
+    return toString.call(value) == arrayClass;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a function.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a function, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isFunction(''.concat);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isFunction(value) {
+    return typeof value == 'function';
+  }
+  // fallback for older versions of Chrome and Safari
+  if (isFunction(/x/)) {
+    isFunction = function(value) {
+      return toString.call(value) == funcClass;
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A fallback implementation of `isPlainObject` that checks if a given `value`
+   * is an object created by the `Object` constructor, assuming objects created
+   * by the `Object` constructor have no inherited enumerable properties and that
+   * there are no `Object.prototype` extensions.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @param {Boolean} [skipArgsCheck=false] Internally used to skip checks for
+   *  `arguments` objects.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
+   */
+  function isPlainFallback(value, skipArgsCheck) {
+    // avoid non-objects and false positives for `arguments` objects
+    var result = false;
+    if (!(value && typeof value == 'object') || (!skipArgsCheck && isArguments(value))) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    // IE < 9 presents DOM nodes as `Object` objects except they have `toString`
+    // methods that are `typeof` "string" and still can coerce nodes to strings.
+    // Also check that the constructor is `Object` (i.e. `Object instanceof Object`)
+    var ctor = value.constructor;
+    if ((!noNodeClass || !(typeof value.toString != 'function' && typeof (value + '') == 'string')) &&
+        (!isFunction(ctor) || ctor instanceof ctor)) {
+      // IE < 9 iterates inherited properties before own properties. If the first
+      // iterated property is an object's own property then there are no inherited
+      // enumerable properties.
+      if (iteratesOwnLast) {
+        forIn(value, function(value, key, object) {
+          result = !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key);
+          return false;
+        });
+        return result === false;
+      }
+      // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
+      // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
+      // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
+      forIn(value, function(value, key) {
+        result = key;
+      });
+      return result === false || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if a given `value` is an object created by the `Object` constructor.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @param {Boolean} [skipArgsCheck=false] Internally used to skip checks for
+   *  `arguments` objects.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
+   */
+  var isPlainObject = objectTypes.__proto__ != ObjectProto ? isPlainFallback : function(value, skipArgsCheck) {
+    if (!value) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    var valueOf = value.valueOf,
+        objProto = typeof valueOf == 'function' && (objProto = valueOf.__proto__) && objProto.__proto__;
+
+    return objProto
+      ? value == objProto || (value.__proto__ == objProto && (skipArgsCheck || !isArguments(value)))
+      : isPlainFallback(value);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * A shim implementation of `Object.keys` that produces an array of the given
+   * object's own enumerable property names.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
+   */
+  var shimKeys = createIterator({
+    'args': 'object',
+    'init': '[]',
+    'inLoop': 'result.push(index)'
+  });
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a clone of `value`. If `deep` is `true`, all nested objects will
+   * also be cloned otherwise they will be assigned by reference. If a value has
+   * a `clone` method it will be used to perform the clone. Functions, DOM nodes,
+   * `arguments` objects, and objects created by constructors other than `Object`
+   * are **not** cloned unless they have a custom `clone` method.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to clone.
+   * @param {Boolean} deep A flag to indicate a deep clone.
+   * @param {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
+   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `deep`.
+   * @param {Object} [data={}] Internally used to track traversed objects to avoid
+   *  circular references and indicate whether to perform a more thorough clone
+   *  of non-object values.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the cloned `value`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
+   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.clone({ 'name': 'moe' });
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+   *
+   * var shallow = _.clone(stooges);
+   * shallow[0] === stooges[0];
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * var deep = _.clone(stooges, true);
+   * shallow[0] === stooges[0];
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function clone(value, deep, guard, data) {
+    if (value == null) {
+      return value;
+    }
+    if (guard) {
+      deep = false;
+    }
+    // init internal data
+    data || (data = { 'thorough': null });
+
+    // avoid slower checks on primitives
+    if (data.thorough == null) {
+      // primitives passed from iframes use the primary document's native prototypes
+      data.thorough = !!(BoolProto.clone || NumberProto.clone || StringProto.clone);
+    }
+    // use custom `clone` method if available
+    var isObj = objectTypes[typeof value];
+    if ((isObj || data.thorough) && value.clone && isFunction(value.clone)) {
+      data.thorough = null;
+      return value.clone(deep);
+    }
+    // inspect [[Class]]
+    if (isObj) {
+      // don't clone `arguments` objects, functions, or non-object Objects
+      var className = toString.call(value);
+      if (!cloneableClasses[className] || (noArgsClass && isArguments(value))) {
+        return value;
+      }
+      var isArr = className == arrayClass;
+      isObj = isArr || (className == objectClass ? isPlainObject(value, true) : isObj);
+    }
+    // shallow clone
+    if (!isObj || !deep) {
+      // don't clone functions
+      return isObj
+        ? (isArr ? slice.call(value) : extend({}, value))
+        : value;
+    }
+
+    var ctor = value.constructor;
+    switch (className) {
+      case boolClass:
+        return new ctor(value == true);
+
+      case dateClass:
+        return new ctor(+value);
+
+      case numberClass:
+      case stringClass:
+        return new ctor(value);
+
+      case regexpClass:
+        return ctor(value.source, reFlags.exec(value));
+    }
+
+    var clones = data.clones || (data.clones = []),
+        sources = data.sources || (data.sources = []),
+        length = clones.length;
+
+    // check for circular references and return corresponding clone
+    while (length--) {
+      if (sources[length] == value) {
+        return clones[length];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // init cloned object
+    var result = isArr ? ctor(length = value.length) : {};
+
+    // add current clone and original source value to the stack of traversed objects
+    clones.push(result);
+    sources.push(value);
+
+    // recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits)
+    if (isArr) {
+      var index = -1;
+      while (++index < length) {
+        result[index] = clone(value[index], deep, null, data);
+      }
+    } else {
+      forOwn(value, function(objValue, key) {
+        result[key] = clone(objValue, deep, null, data);
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assigns enumerable properties of the default object(s) to the `destination`
+   * object for all `destination` properties that resolve to `null`/`undefined`.
+   * Once a property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be
+   * ignored.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+   * @param {Object} [default1, default2, ...] The default objects.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var iceCream = { 'flavor': 'chocolate' };
+   * _.defaults(iceCream, { 'flavor': 'vanilla', 'sprinkles': 'rainbow' });
+   * // => { 'flavor': 'chocolate', 'sprinkles': 'rainbow' }
+   */
+  var defaults = createIterator(extendIteratorOptions, {
+    'inLoop': 'if (result[index] == null) ' + extendIteratorOptions.inLoop
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Assigns enumerable properties of the source object(s) to the `destination`
+   * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite propery assignments of previous
+   * sources.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+   * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.extend({ 'name': 'moe' }, { 'age': 40 });
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
+   */
+  var extend = createIterator(extendIteratorOptions);
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over `object`'s own and inherited enumerable properties, executing
+   * the `callback` for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
+   * invoked with 3 arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration
+   * early by explicitly returning `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * function Dog(name) {
+   *   this.name = name;
+   * }
+   *
+   * Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
+   *   alert('Woof, woof!');
+   * };
+   *
+   * _.forIn(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
+   *   alert(key);
+   * });
+   * // => alerts 'name' and 'bark' (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var forIn = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, forEachIteratorOptions, forOwnIteratorOptions, {
+    'useHas': false
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over `object`'s own enumerable properties, executing the `callback`
+   * for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3
+   * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by
+   * explicitly returning `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
+   *   alert(key);
+   * });
+   * // => alerts '0', '1', and 'length' (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var forOwn = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, forEachIteratorOptions, forOwnIteratorOptions);
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a sorted array of all enumerable properties, own and inherited,
+   * of `object` that have function values.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias methods
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names that have function values.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.functions(_);
+   * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]
+   */
+  var functions = createIterator({
+    'useHas': false,
+    'args': 'object',
+    'init': '[]',
+    'inLoop': 'if (isFunction(value)) result.push(index)',
+    'bottom': 'result.sort()'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the specified object `property` exists and is a direct property,
+   * instead of an inherited property.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to check.
+   * @param {String} property The property to check for.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function has(object, property) {
+    return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, property) : false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given `object`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   *  _.invert({ 'first': 'Moe', 'second': 'Larry', 'third': 'Curly' });
+   * // => { 'Moe': 'first', 'Larry': 'second', 'Curly': 'third' } (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var invert = createIterator({
+    'args': 'object',
+    'init': '{}',
+    'inLoop': 'result[value] = index'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a boolean (`true` or `false`) value.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isBoolean(null);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isBoolean(value) {
+    return value === true || value === false || toString.call(value) == boolClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a date.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a date, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isDate(new Date);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isDate(value) {
+    return toString.call(value) == dateClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isElement(document.body);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isElement(value) {
+    return value ? value.nodeType === 1 : false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a
+   * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered
+   * "empty".
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} value The value to inspect.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isEmpty({});
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isEmpty('');
+   * // => true
+   */
+  var isEmpty = createIterator({
+    'args': 'value',
+    'init': 'true',
+    'top':
+      'var className = toString.call(value),\n' +
+      '    length = value.length;\n' +
+      'if (arrayLikeClasses[className]' +
+      (noArgsClass ? ' || isArguments(value)' : '') + ' ||\n' +
+      '  (className == objectClass && length > -1 && length === length >>> 0 &&\n' +
+      '  isFunction(value.splice))' +
+      ') return !length',
+    'inLoop': {
+      'object': 'return false'
+    }
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
+   * equivalent to each other. If a value has an `isEqual` method it will be
+   * used to perform the comparison.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} a The value to compare.
+   * @param {Mixed} b The other value to compare.
+   * @param {Object} [data={}] Internally used track traversed objects to avoid
+   *  circular references and indicate whether to perform a more thorough comparison
+   *  of non-object values.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equvalent, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var moe = { 'name': 'moe', 'luckyNumbers': [13, 27, 34] };
+   * var clone = { 'name': 'moe', 'luckyNumbers': [13, 27, 34] };
+   *
+   * moe == clone;
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isEqual(moe, clone);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isEqual(a, b, data) {
+    // a strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`
+    if (a == null || b == null) {
+      return a === b;
+    }
+    // init internal data
+    data || (data = { 'thorough': null });
+
+    // avoid slower checks on non-objects
+    if (data.thorough == null) {
+      // primitives passed from iframes use the primary document's native prototypes
+      data.thorough = !!(BoolProto.isEqual || NumberProto.isEqual || StringProto.isEqual);
+    }
+    if (objectTypes[typeof a] || objectTypes[typeof b] || data.thorough) {
+      // unwrap any LoDash wrapped values
+      a = a.__wrapped__ || a;
+      b = b.__wrapped__ || b;
+
+      // use custom `isEqual` method if available
+      if (a.isEqual && isFunction(a.isEqual)) {
+        data.thorough = null;
+        return a.isEqual(b);
+      }
+      if (b.isEqual && isFunction(b.isEqual)) {
+        data.thorough = null;
+        return b.isEqual(a);
+      }
+    }
+    // exit early for identical values
+    if (a === b) {
+      // treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
+      return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
+    }
+    // compare [[Class]] names
+    var className = toString.call(a);
+    if (className != toString.call(b)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    switch (className) {
+      case boolClass:
+      case dateClass:
+        // coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
+        // to `1` or `0`, treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal
+        return +a == +b;
+
+      case numberClass:
+        // treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal
+        return a != +a
+          ? b != +b
+          // but treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
+          : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);
+
+      case regexpClass:
+      case stringClass:
+        // coerce regexes to strings (http://es5.github.com/#x15.10.6.4)
+        // treat string primitives and their corresponding object instances as equal
+        return a == b + '';
+    }
+    // exit early, in older browsers, if `a` is array-like but not `b`
+    var isArr = arrayLikeClasses[className];
+    if (noArgsClass && !isArr && (isArr = isArguments(a)) && !isArguments(b)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // exit for functions and DOM nodes
+    if (!isArr && (className != objectClass || (noNodeClass && (
+        (typeof a.toString != 'function' && typeof (a + '') == 'string') ||
+        (typeof b.toString != 'function' && typeof (b + '') == 'string'))))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // assume cyclic structures are equal
+    // the algorithm for detecting cyclic structures is adapted from ES 5.1
+    // section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO` (http://es5.github.com/#x15.12.3)
+    var stackA = data.stackA || (data.stackA = []),
+        stackB = data.stackB || (data.stackB = []),
+        length = stackA.length;
+
+    while (length--) {
+      if (stackA[length] == a) {
+        return stackB[length] == b;
+      }
+    }
+
+    var index = -1,
+        result = true,
+        size = 0;
+
+    // add `a` and `b` to the stack of traversed objects
+    stackA.push(a);
+    stackB.push(b);
+
+    // recursively compare objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
+    if (isArr) {
+      // compare lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary
+      size = a.length;
+      result = size == b.length;
+
+      if (result) {
+        // deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties
+        while (size--) {
+          if (!(result = isEqual(a[size], b[size], data))) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    var ctorA = a.constructor,
+        ctorB = b.constructor;
+
+    // non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal
+    if (ctorA != ctorB && !(
+          isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA &&
+          isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB
+        )) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // deep compare objects
+    for (var prop in a) {
+      if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, prop)) {
+        // count the number of properties.
+        size++;
+        // deep compare each property value.
+        if (!(hasOwnProperty.call(b, prop) && isEqual(a[prop], b[prop], data))) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // ensure both objects have the same number of properties
+    for (prop in b) {
+      // The JS engine in Adobe products, like InDesign, has a bug that causes
+      // `!size--` to throw an error so it must be wrapped in parentheses.
+      // https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/355
+      if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, prop) && !(size--)) {
+        // `size` will be `-1` if `b` has more properties than `a`
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    // handle JScript [[DontEnum]] bug
+    if (hasDontEnumBug) {
+      while (++index < 7) {
+        prop = shadowed[index];
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, prop) &&
+            !(hasOwnProperty.call(b, prop) && isEqual(a[prop], b[prop], data))) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a finite number.
+   *
+   * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite`, which will return true for
+   * booleans and other values. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.5.
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a finite number, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isFinite(-101);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isFinite('10');
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isFinite(Infinity);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isFinite(value) {
+    return nativeIsFinite(value) && toString.call(value) == numberClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.
+   * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an object, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isObject({});
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isObject(1);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isObject(value) {
+    // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
+    // http://es5.github.com/#x8
+    // and avoid a V8 bug
+    // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
+    return value ? objectTypes[typeof value] : false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
+   *
+   * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN`, which will return true for
+   * `undefined` and other values. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.4.
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isNaN(NaN);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * isNaN(undefined);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isNaN(undefined);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isNaN(value) {
+    // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself
+    // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)
+    return toString.call(value) == numberClass && value != +value
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is `null`.
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isNull(null);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isNull(undefined);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isNull(value) {
+    return value === null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a number.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a number, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5;
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isNumber(value) {
+    return toString.call(value) == numberClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isRegExp(/moe/);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isRegExp(value) {
+    return toString.call(value) == regexpClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a string.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a string, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isString('moe');
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isString(value) {
+    return toString.call(value) == stringClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isUndefined(void 0);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isUndefined(value) {
+    return value === undefined;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+   * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
+    var type = typeof object;
+
+    // avoid iterating over the `prototype` property
+    if (type == 'function' && propertyIsEnumerable.call(object, 'prototype')) {
+      return shimKeys(object);
+    }
+    return object && objectTypes[type]
+      ? nativeKeys(object)
+      : [];
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Merges enumerable properties of the source object(s) into the `destination`
+   * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite propery assignments of previous
+   * sources.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+   * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
+   * @param {Object} [indicator] Internally used to indicate that the `stack`
+   *  argument is an array of traversed objects instead of another source object.
+   * @param {Object} [data={}] Internally used to track traversed objects to avoid
+   *  circular references.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe' },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry' }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * var ages = [
+   *   { 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'age': 50 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.merge(stooges, ages);
+   * // => [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }]
+   */
+  var merge = createIterator(extendIteratorOptions, {
+    'args': 'object, source, indicator',
+    'top':
+      'var isArr, source, recursive = indicator == isPlainObject,\n' +
+      '    data = recursive ? arguments[3] : { values: [], sources: [] };\n' +
+      'for (var argsIndex = 1, argsLength = recursive ? 2 : arguments.length; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {\n' +
+      '  if (iteratee = arguments[argsIndex]) {',
+    'inLoop':
+      'if ((source = value) && ((isArr = isArray(source)) || isPlainObject(source))) {\n' +
+      '  var found = false, values = data.values, sources = data.sources, stackLength = sources.length;\n' +
+      '  while (stackLength--) {\n' +
+      '    if (found = sources[stackLength] == source) break\n' +
+      '  }\n' +
+      '  if (found) {\n' +
+      '    result[index] = values[stackLength]\n' +
+      '  } else {\n' +
+      '    values.push(value = (value = result[index]) && isArr\n' +
+      '      ? (isArray(value) ? value : [])\n' +
+      '      : (isPlainObject(value) ? value : {})\n' +
+      '    );\n' +
+      '    sources.push(source);\n' +
+      '    result[index] = callee(value, source, isPlainObject, data)\n' +
+      '  }\n' +
+      '} else if (source != null) {\n' +
+      '  result[index] = source\n' +
+      '}'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.
+   * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
+   * property names. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for each property
+   * in the `object`, omitting the properties `callback` returns truthy for. The
+   * `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, key, object).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The source object.
+   * @param {Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The properties to omit
+   *  or the function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40, 'userid': 'moe1' }, 'userid');
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
+   *
+   * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', '_hint': 'knucklehead', '_seed': '96c4eb' }, function(value, key) {
+   *   return key.charAt(0) == '_';
+   * });
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+   */
+  var omit = createIterator(omitIteratorOptions);
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a two dimensional array of the given object's key-value pairs,
+   * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.pairs({ 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40, 'curly': 50 });
+   * // => [['moe', 30], ['larry', 40], ['curly', 50]] (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var pairs = createIterator({
+    'args': 'object',
+    'init':'[]',
+    'inLoop': 'result'  + (isKeysFast ? '[ownIndex] = ' : '.push') + '([index, value])'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.
+   * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
+   * property names. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for each property
+   * in the `object`, picking the properties `callback` returns truthy for. The
+   * `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, key, object).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The source object.
+   * @param {Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The properties to pick
+   *  or the function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40, 'userid': 'moe1' }, 'name', 'age');
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
+   *
+   * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_hint': 'knucklehead', '_seed': '96c4eb' }, function(value, key) {
+   *   return key.charAt(0) != '_';
+   * });
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+   */
+  var pick = createIterator(omitIteratorOptions, {
+    'top':
+      'if (typeof callback != \'function\') {\n' +
+      '  var prop,\n' +
+      '      props = concat.apply(ArrayProto, arguments),\n' +
+      '      length = props.length;\n' +
+      '  for (index = 1; index < length; index++) {\n' +
+      '    prop = props[index];\n' +
+      '    if (prop in object) result[prop] = object[prop]\n' +
+      '  }\n' +
+      '} else {\n' +
+      '  if (thisArg) callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg)',
+    'inLoop':
+      'if (callback(value, index, object)) result[index] = value',
+    'bottom': '}'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+   * // => [1, 2, 3]
+   */
+  var values = createIterator({
+    'args': 'object',
+    'init': '[]',
+    'inLoop': 'result.push(value)'
+  });
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if a given `target` element is present in a `collection` using strict
+   * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias include
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Mixed} target The value to check for.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 3);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.contains({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'moe');
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.contains('curly', 'ur');
+   * // => true
+   */
+  var contains = createIterator({
+    'args': 'collection, target',
+    'init': 'false',
+    'noCharByIndex': false,
+    'beforeLoop': {
+      'array': 'if (toString.call(collection) == stringClass) return collection.indexOf(target) > -1'
+    },
+    'inLoop': 'if (value === target) return true'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of
+   * `collection` through a `callback`. The corresponding value of each key is
+   * the number of times the key was returned by `callback`. The `callback` is
+   * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   * The `callback` argument may also be the name of a property to count by (e.g. 'length').
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|String} callback|property The function called per iteration
+   *  or property name to count by.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+   * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+   *
+   * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+   * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+   *
+   * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+   * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
+   */
+  var countBy = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, countByIteratorOptions);
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **all** elements of a
+   * `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3
+   * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias all
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the callback check, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  var every = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, everyIteratorOptions);
+
+  /**
+   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+   * the `callback` returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
+   * invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias select
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed callback check.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+   * // => [2, 4, 6]
+   */
+  var filter = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, filterIteratorOptions);
+
+  /**
+   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning the first one the `callback`
+   * returns truthy for. The function returns as soon as it finds an acceptable
+   * element, and does not iterate over the entire `collection`. The `callback` is
+   * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias detect
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the element that passed the callback check, else `undefined`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var even = _.find([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+   * // => 2
+   */
+  var find = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, forEachIteratorOptions, {
+    'init': '',
+    'inLoop': 'if (callback(value, index, collection)) return value'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over a `collection`, executing the `callback` for each element in
+   * the `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3
+   * arguments; (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration
+   * early by explicitly returning `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias each
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Array|Object} Returns `collection`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(alert).join(',');
+   * // => alerts each number and returns '1,2,3'
+   *
+   * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, alert);
+   * // => alerts each number (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var forEach = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, forEachIteratorOptions);
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of
+   * `collection` through a `callback`. The corresponding value of each key is an
+   * array of elements passed to `callback` that returned the key. The `callback`
+   * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   * The `callback` argument may also be the name of a property to count by (e.g. 'length').
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|String} callback|property The function called per iteration
+   *  or property name to group by.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+   * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+   *
+   * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+   * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+   *
+   * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+   * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
+   */
+  var groupBy = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, countByIteratorOptions, {
+    'inLoop':
+      'prop = callback(value, index, collection);\n' +
+      '(hasOwnProperty.call(result, prop) ? result[prop] : result[prop] = []).push(value)'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`.
+   * Additional arguments will be passed to each invoked method. If `methodName`
+   * is a function it will be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element
+   * in the `collection`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|String} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
+   *  the function invoked per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the method with.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of values returned from each invoked method.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
+   * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
+   *
+   * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
+   * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
+   */
+  var invoke = createIterator(mapIteratorOptions, {
+    'args': 'collection, methodName',
+    'top':
+      'var args = slice.call(arguments, 2),\n' +
+      '    isFunc = typeof methodName == \'function\'',
+    'inLoop': {
+      'array':
+        'result[index] = (isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args)',
+      'object':
+        'result' + (isKeysFast ? '[ownIndex] = ' : '.push') +
+        '((isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args))'
+    }
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new array of values by running each element in the `collection`
+   * through a `callback`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+   * 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias collect
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements returned by the callback.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
+   * // => [3, 6, 9]
+   *
+   * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
+   * // => [3, 6, 9] (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var map = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, mapIteratorOptions);
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in
+   * the `collection`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {String} property The property to pluck.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
+   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.pluck(stooges, 'name');
+   * // => ['moe', 'larry', 'curly']
+   */
+  var pluck = createIterator(mapIteratorOptions, {
+    'args': 'collection, property',
+    'inLoop': {
+      'array':  'result[index] = value[property]',
+      'object': 'result' + (isKeysFast ? '[ownIndex] = ' : '.push') + '(value[property])'
+    }
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Boils down a `collection` to a single value. The initial state of the
+   * reduction is `accumulator` and each successive step of it should be returned
+   * by the `callback`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 4
+   * arguments; for arrays they are (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias foldl, inject
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(memo, num) { return memo + num; });
+   * // => 6
+   */
+  var reduce = createIterator({
+    'args': 'collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg',
+    'init': 'accumulator',
+    'top':
+      'var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;\n' +
+      'if (thisArg) callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg)',
+    'beforeLoop': {
+      'array': 'if (noaccum) result = iteratee[++index]'
+    },
+    'inLoop': {
+      'array':
+        'result = callback(result, value, index, collection)',
+      'object':
+        'result = noaccum\n' +
+        '  ? (noaccum = false, value)\n' +
+        '  : callback(result, value, index, collection)'
+    }
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * The right-associative version of `_.reduce`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias foldr
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
+   * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
+   * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
+   */
+  function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+    if (!collection) {
+      return accumulator;
+    }
+
+    var length = collection.length,
+        noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
+
+    if(thisArg) {
+      callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg);
+    }
+    // Opera 10.53-10.60 JITted `length >>> 0` returns the wrong value for negative numbers
+    if (length > -1 && length === length >>> 0) {
+      var iteratee = noCharByIndex && toString.call(collection) == stringClass
+        ? collection.split('')
+        : collection;
+
+      if (length && noaccum) {
+        accumulator = iteratee[--length];
+      }
+      while (length--) {
+        accumulator = callback(accumulator, iteratee[length], length, collection);
+      }
+      return accumulator;
+    }
+
+    var prop,
+        props = keys(collection);
+
+    length = props.length;
+    if (length && noaccum) {
+      accumulator = collection[props[--length]];
+    }
+    while (length--) {
+      prop = props[length];
+      accumulator = callback(accumulator, collection[prop], prop, collection);
+    }
+    return accumulator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The opposite of `_.filter`, this method returns the values of a
+   * `collection` that `callback` does **not** return truthy for.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that did **not** pass the callback check.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+   * // => [1, 3, 5]
+   */
+  var reject = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, filterIteratorOptions, {
+    'inLoop': '!' + filterIteratorOptions.inLoop
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays
+   * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to inspect.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.size([1, 2]);
+   * // => 2
+   *
+   * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+   * // => 3
+   *
+   * _.size('curly');
+   * // => 5
+   */
+  function size(collection) {
+    if (!collection) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    var length = collection.length;
+    return length > -1 && length === length >>> 0 ? length : keys(collection).length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **any** element of a
+   * `collection`. The function returns as soon as it finds passing value, and
+   * does not iterate over the entire `collection`. The `callback` is bound to
+   * `thisArg` and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias any
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the callback check, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false]);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  var some = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, everyIteratorOptions, {
+    'init': 'false',
+    'inLoop': everyIteratorOptions.inLoop.replace('!', '')
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new array, stable sorted in ascending order by the results of
+   * running each element of `collection` through a `callback`. The `callback`
+   * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   * The `callback` argument may also be the name of a property to sort by (e.g. 'length').
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|String} callback|property The function called per iteration
+   *  or property name to sort by.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
+   * // => [3, 1, 2]
+   *
+   * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
+   * // => [3, 1, 2]
+   *
+   * _.sortBy(['larry', 'brendan', 'moe'], 'length');
+   * // => ['moe', 'larry', 'brendan']
+   */
+  var sortBy = createIterator(baseIteratorOptions, countByIteratorOptions, mapIteratorOptions, {
+    'inLoop': {
+      'array':
+        'result[index] = {\n' +
+        '  criteria: callback(value, index, collection),\n' +
+        '  index: index,\n' +
+        '  value: value\n' +
+        '}',
+      'object':
+        'result' + (isKeysFast ? '[ownIndex] = ' : '.push') + '({\n' +
+        '  criteria: callback(value, index, collection),\n' +
+        '  index: index,\n' +
+        '  value: value\n' +
+        '})'
+    },
+    'bottom':
+      'result.sort(compareAscending);\n' +
+      'length = result.length;\n' +
+      'while (length--) {\n' +
+      '  result[length] = result[length].value\n' +
+      '}'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the `collection`, to an array. Useful for converting the
+   * `arguments` object.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to convert.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
+   * // => [2, 3, 4]
+   */
+  function toArray(collection) {
+    if (!collection) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    if (collection.toArray && isFunction(collection.toArray)) {
+      return collection.toArray();
+    }
+    var length = collection.length;
+    if (length > -1 && length === length >>> 0) {
+      return (noArraySliceOnStrings ? toString.call(collection) == stringClass : typeof collection == 'string')
+        ? collection.split('')
+        : slice.call(collection);
+    }
+    return values(collection);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+   * that contain the given `properties`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Object} properties The object of properties/values to filter by.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that contain the given `properties`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
+   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.where(stooges, { 'age': 40 });
+   * // => [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }]
+   */
+  var where = createIterator(filterIteratorOptions, {
+    'args': 'collection, properties',
+    'top':
+      'var props = [];\n' +
+      'forIn(properties, function(value, prop) { props.push(prop) });\n' +
+      'var propsLength = props.length',
+    'inLoop':
+      'for (var prop, pass = true, propIndex = 0; propIndex < propsLength; propIndex++) {\n' +
+      '  prop = props[propIndex];\n' +
+      '  if (!(pass = value[prop] === properties[prop])) break\n' +
+      '}\n' +
+      'pass && result.push(value)'
+  });
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new array with all falsey values of `array` removed. The values
+   * `false`, `null`, `0`, `""`, `undefined` and `NaN` are all falsey.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3]
+   */
+  function compact(array) {
+    var result = [];
+    if (!array) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (array[index]) {
+        result.push(array[index]);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new array of `array` elements not present in the other arrays
+   * using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+   * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to check.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of `array` elements not present in the
+   *  other arrays.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
+   * // => [1, 3, 4]
+   */
+  function difference(array) {
+    var result = [];
+    if (!array) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array.length,
+        flattened = concat.apply(result, arguments),
+        contains = cachedContains(flattened, length);
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (!contains(array[index])) {
+        result.push(array[index]);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the first element of the `array`. Pass `n` to return the first `n`
+   * elements of the `array`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias head, take
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
+   * @param {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
+   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the first element or an array of the first `n`
+   *  elements of `array`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.first([5, 4, 3, 2, 1]);
+   * // => 5
+   */
+  function first(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array) {
+      return (n == null || guard) ? array[0] : slice.call(array, 0, n);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `shallow` is
+   * truthy, `array` will only be flattened a single level.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
+   * @param {Boolean} shallow A flag to indicate only flattening a single level.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
+   *
+   * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
+   */
+  function flatten(array, shallow) {
+    var result = [];
+    if (!array) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    var value,
+        index = -1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      value = array[index];
+      if (isArray(value)) {
+        push.apply(result, shallow ? value : flatten(value));
+      } else {
+        result.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
+   * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already
+   * sorted, passing `true` for `isSorted` will run a faster binary search.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+   * @param {Boolean|Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start searching from or
+   *  `true` to perform a binary search on a sorted `array`.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
+   * // => 1
+   *
+   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
+   * // => 4
+   *
+   * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
+   * // => 2
+   */
+  function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+    if (!array) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    if (fromIndex) {
+      if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+        index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex) - 1;
+      } else {
+        index = sortedIndex(array, value);
+        return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
+      }
+    }
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (array[index] === value) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets all but the last element of `array`. Pass `n` to exclude the last `n`
+   * elements from the result.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
+   * @param {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
+   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns all but the last element or `n` elements of `array`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.initial([3, 2, 1]);
+   * // => [3, 2]
+   */
+  function initial(array, n, guard) {
+    if (!array) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    return slice.call(array, 0, -((n == null || guard) ? 1 : n));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the intersection of all the passed-in arrays using strict equality
+   * for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of unique elements, in order, that are
+   *  present in **all** of the arrays.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.intersection([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
+   * // => [1, 2]
+   */
+  function intersection(array) {
+    var result = [];
+    if (!array) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    var value,
+        argsLength = arguments.length,
+        cache = [],
+        index = -1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    array: while (++index < length) {
+      value = array[index];
+      if (indexOf(result, value) < 0) {
+        for (var argsIndex = 1; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {
+          if (!(cache[argsIndex] || (cache[argsIndex] = cachedContains(arguments[argsIndex])))(value)) {
+            continue array;
+          }
+        }
+        result.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the last element of the `array`. Pass `n` to return the lasy `n`
+   * elementsvof the `array`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
+   * @param {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
+   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the last element or an array of the last `n`
+   *  elements of `array`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.last([3, 2, 1]);
+   * // => 1
+   */
+  function last(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array) {
+      var length = array.length;
+      return (n == null || guard) ? array[length - 1] : slice.call(array, -n || length);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the index at which the last occurrence of `value` is found using
+   * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+   * @param {Number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to start searching from.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
+   * // => 4
+   *
+   * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
+   * // => 1
+   */
+  function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+    if (!array) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    var index = array.length;
+    if (fromIndex && typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+      index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, index + fromIndex) : nativeMin(fromIndex, index - 1)) + 1;
+    }
+    while (index--) {
+      if (array[index] === value) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the maximum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
+   * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
+   * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to
+   * `thisArg` and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index, array).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the maximum value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
+   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.max(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
+   * // => { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 };
+   */
+  function max(array, callback, thisArg) {
+    var computed = -Infinity,
+        result = computed;
+
+    if (!array) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    var current,
+        index = -1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    if (!callback) {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        if (array[index] > result) {
+          result = array[index];
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    if (thisArg) {
+      callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg);
+    }
+    while (++index < length) {
+      current = callback(array[index], index, array);
+      if (current > computed) {
+        computed = current;
+        result = array[index];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the minimum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
+   * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
+   * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg`
+   * and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index, array).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the minimum value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.min([10, 5, 100, 2, 1000]);
+   * // => 2
+   */
+  function min(array, callback, thisArg) {
+    var computed = Infinity,
+        result = computed;
+
+    if (!array) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    var current,
+        index = -1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    if (!callback) {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        if (array[index] < result) {
+          result = array[index];
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    if (thisArg) {
+      callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg);
+    }
+    while (++index < length) {
+      current = callback(array[index], index, array);
+      if (current < computed) {
+        computed = current;
+        result = array[index];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an object composed from arrays of `keys` and `values`. Pass either
+   * a single two dimensional array, i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`, or
+   * two arrays, one of `keys` and one of corresponding `values`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} keys The array of keys.
+   * @param {Array} [values=[]] The array of values.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the given keys and
+   *  corresponding values.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.object(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], [30, 40, 50]);
+   * // => { 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40, 'curly': 50 }
+   */
+  function object(keys, values) {
+    if (!keys) {
+      return {};
+    }
+    var index = -1,
+        length = keys.length,
+        result = {};
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (values) {
+        result[keys[index]] = values[index];
+      } else {
+        result[keys[index][0]] = keys[index][1];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
+   * `start` up to but not including `stop`. This method is a port of Python's
+   * `range()` function. See http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Number} [start=0] The start of the range.
+   * @param {Number} end The end of the range.
+   * @param {Number} [step=1] The value to increment or descrement by.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new range array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.range(10);
+   * // => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+   *
+   * _.range(1, 11);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
+   *
+   * _.range(0, 30, 5);
+   * // => [0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
+   *
+   * _.range(0, -10, -1);
+   * // => [0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9]
+   *
+   * _.range(0);
+   * // => []
+   */
+  function range(start, end, step) {
+    start = +start || 0;
+    step = +step || 1;
+
+    if (end == null) {
+      end = start;
+      start = 0;
+    }
+    // use `Array(length)` so V8 will avoid the slower "dictionary" mode
+    // http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=16m27s
+    var index = -1,
+        length = nativeMax(0, Math.ceil((end - start) / step)),
+        result = Array(length);
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      result[index] = start;
+      start += step;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The opposite of `_.initial`, this method gets all but the first value of
+   * `array`. Pass `n` to exclude the first `n` values from the result.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias drop, tail
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+   * @param {Number} [n] The number of elements to return.
+   * @param {Object} [guard] Internally used to allow this method to work with
+   *  others like `_.map` without using their callback `index` argument for `n`.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns all but the first value or `n` values of `array`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.rest([3, 2, 1]);
+   * // => [2, 1]
+   */
+  function rest(array, n, guard) {
+    if (!array) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    return slice.call(array, (n == null || guard) ? 1 : n);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new array of shuffled `array` values, using a version of the
+   * Fisher-Yates shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to shuffle.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
+   * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
+   */
+  function shuffle(array) {
+    if (!array) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    var rand,
+        index = -1,
+        length = array.length,
+        result = Array(length);
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      rand = nativeFloor(nativeRandom() * (index + 1));
+      result[index] = result[rand];
+      result[rand] = array[index];
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Uses a binary search to determine the smallest index at which the `value`
+   * should be inserted into `array` in order to maintain the sort order of the
+   * sorted `array`. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for `value` and
+   * each element in `array` to compute their sort ranking. The `callback` is
+   * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 1 argument; (value).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to evaluate.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns the index at which the value should be inserted
+   *  into `array`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.sortedIndex([20, 30, 40], 35);
+   * // => 2
+   *
+   * var dict = {
+   *   'wordToNumber': { 'twenty': 20, 'thirty': 30, 'thirty-five': 35, 'fourty': 40 }
+   * };
+   *
+   * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fourty'], 'thirty-five', function(word) {
+   *   return dict.wordToNumber[word];
+   * });
+   * // => 2
+   *
+   * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fourty'], 'thirty-five', function(word) {
+   *   return this.wordToNumber[word];
+   * }, dict);
+   * // => 2
+   */
+  function sortedIndex(array, value, callback, thisArg) {
+    if (!array) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    var mid,
+        low = 0,
+        high = array.length;
+
+    if (callback) {
+      if (thisArg) {
+        callback = bind(callback, thisArg);
+      }
+      value = callback(value);
+      while (low < high) {
+        mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
+        callback(array[mid]) < value ? low = mid + 1 : high = mid;
+      }
+    } else {
+      while (low < high) {
+        mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
+        array[mid] < value ? low = mid + 1 : high = mid;
+      }
+    }
+    return low;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the union of the passed-in arrays using strict equality for
+   * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of unique values, in order, that are
+   *  present in one or more of the arrays.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.union([1, 2, 3], [101, 2, 1, 10], [2, 1]);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3, 101, 10]
+   */
+  function union() {
+    var index = -1,
+        result = [],
+        flattened = concat.apply(result, arguments),
+        length = flattened.length;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (indexOf(result, flattened[index]) < 0) {
+        result.push(flattened[index]);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a duplicate-value-free version of the `array` using strict equality
+   * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already sorted, passing `true`
+   * for `isSorted` will run a faster algorithm. If `callback` is passed, each
+   * element of `array` is passed through a callback` before uniqueness is computed.
+   * The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with 3 arguments; (value, index, array).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias unique
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+   * @param {Boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that the `array` is already sorted.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1]);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3]
+   *
+   * _.uniq([1, 1, 2, 2, 3], true);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3]
+   *
+   * _.uniq([1, 2, 1.5, 3, 2.5], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+   * // => [1, 2, 3]
+   *
+   * _.uniq([1, 2, 1.5, 3, 2.5], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3]
+   */
+  function uniq(array, isSorted, callback, thisArg) {
+    var result = [];
+    if (!array) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    var computed,
+        index = -1,
+        length = array.length,
+        seen = [];
+
+    // juggle arguments
+    if (typeof isSorted == 'function') {
+      thisArg = callback;
+      callback = isSorted;
+      isSorted = false;
+    }
+    if (!callback) {
+      callback = identity;
+    } else if (thisArg) {
+      callback = iteratorBind(callback, thisArg);
+    }
+    while (++index < length) {
+      computed = callback(array[index], index, array);
+      if (isSorted
+            ? !index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== computed
+            : indexOf(seen, computed) < 0
+          ) {
+        seen.push(computed);
+        result.push(array[index]);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new array with all occurrences of the passed values removed using
+   * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
+   * @param {Mixed} [value1, value2, ...] Values to remove.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
+   * // => [2, 3, 4]
+   */
+  function without(array) {
+    var result = [];
+    if (!array) {
+      return result;
+    }
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array.length,
+        contains = cachedContains(arguments, 1, 20);
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (!contains(array[index])) {
+        result.push(array[index]);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Groups the elements of each array at their corresponding indexes. Useful for
+   * separate data sources that are coordinated through matching array indexes.
+   * For a matrix of nested arrays, `_.zip.apply(...)` can transpose the matrix
+   * in a similar fashion.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to process.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of grouped elements.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.zip(['moe', 'larry', 'curly'], [30, 40, 50], [true, false, false]);
+   * // => [['moe', 30, true], ['larry', 40, false], ['curly', 50, false]]
+   */
+  function zip(array) {
+    if (!array) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    var index = -1,
+        length = max(pluck(arguments, 'length')),
+        result = Array(length);
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      result[index] = pluck(arguments, index);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that is restricted to executing only after it is
+   * called `n` times.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Number} n The number of times the function must be called before
+   * it is executed.
+   * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var renderNotes = _.after(notes.length, render);
+   * _.forEach(notes, function(note) {
+   *   note.asyncSave({ 'success': renderNotes });
+   * });
+   * // `renderNotes` is run once, after all notes have saved
+   */
+  function after(n, func) {
+    if (n < 1) {
+      return func();
+    }
+    return function() {
+      if (--n < 1) {
+        return func.apply(this, arguments);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
+   * binding of `thisArg` and prepends any additional `bind` arguments to those
+   * passed to the bound function. Lazy defined methods may be bound by passing
+   * the object they are bound to as `func` and the method name as `thisArg`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Function|Object} func The function to bind or the object the method belongs to.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func` or the method name.
+   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to be partially applied.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * // basic bind
+   * var func = function(greeting) {
+   *   return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
+   * };
+   *
+   * func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'moe' }, 'hi');
+   * func();
+   * // => 'hi moe'
+   *
+   * // lazy bind
+   * var object = {
+   *   'name': 'moe',
+   *   'greet': function(greeting) {
+   *     return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
+   *   }
+   * };
+   *
+   * var func = _.bind(object, 'greet', 'hi');
+   * func();
+   * // => 'hi moe'
+   *
+   * object.greet = function(greeting) {
+   *   return greeting + ', ' + this.name + '!';
+   * };
+   *
+   * func();
+   * // => 'hi, moe!'
+   */
+  function bind(func, thisArg) {
+    var methodName,
+        isFunc = isFunction(func);
+
+    // juggle arguments
+    if (!isFunc) {
+      methodName = thisArg;
+      thisArg = func;
+    }
+    // use `Function#bind` if it exists and is fast
+    // (in V8 `Function#bind` is slower except when partially applied)
+    else if (isBindFast || (nativeBind && arguments.length > 2)) {
+      return nativeBind.call.apply(nativeBind, arguments);
+    }
+
+    var partialArgs = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+
+    function bound() {
+      // `Function#bind` spec
+      // http://es5.github.com/#x15.3.4.5
+      var args = arguments,
+          thisBinding = thisArg;
+
+      if (!isFunc) {
+        func = thisArg[methodName];
+      }
+      if (partialArgs.length) {
+        args = args.length
+          ? partialArgs.concat(slice.call(args))
+          : partialArgs;
+      }
+      if (this instanceof bound) {
+        // get `func` instance if `bound` is invoked in a `new` expression
+        noop.prototype = func.prototype;
+        thisBinding = new noop;
+
+        // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior
+        // http://es5.github.com/#x13.2.2
+        var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+        return result && objectTypes[typeof result]
+          ? result
+          : thisBinding
+      }
+      return func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+    }
+    return bound;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Binds methods on `object` to `object`, overwriting the existing method.
+   * If no method names are provided, all the function properties of `object`
+   * will be bound.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
+   * @param {String} [methodName1, methodName2, ...] Method names on the object to bind.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var buttonView = {
+   *  'label': 'lodash',
+   *  'onClick': function() { alert('clicked: ' + this.label); }
+   * };
+   *
+   * _.bindAll(buttonView);
+   * jQuery('#lodash_button').on('click', buttonView.onClick);
+   * // => When the button is clicked, `this.label` will have the correct value
+   */
+  var bindAll = createIterator({
+    'useHas': false,
+    'useStrict': false,
+    'args': 'object',
+    'init': 'object',
+    'top':
+      'var funcs = arguments,\n' +
+      '    length = funcs.length;\n' +
+      'if (length > 1) {\n' +
+      '  for (var index = 1; index < length; index++) {\n' +
+      '    result[funcs[index]] = bind(result[funcs[index]], result)\n' +
+      '  }\n' +
+      '  return result\n' +
+      '}',
+    'inLoop':
+      'if (isFunction(result[index])) {\n' +
+      '  result[index] = bind(result[index], result)\n' +
+      '}'
+  });
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that is the composition of the passed functions,
+   * where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.
+   * In math terms, composing the functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` produces `f(g(h()))`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Function} [func1, func2, ...] Functions to compose.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new composed function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var greet = function(name) { return 'hi: ' + name; };
+   * var exclaim = function(statement) { return statement + '!'; };
+   * var welcome = _.compose(exclaim, greet);
+   * welcome('moe');
+   * // => 'hi: moe!'
+   */
+  function compose() {
+    var funcs = arguments;
+    return function() {
+      var args = arguments,
+          length = funcs.length;
+
+      while (length--) {
+        args = [funcs[length].apply(this, args)];
+      }
+      return args[0];
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that will delay the execution of `func` until after
+   * `wait` milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked. Pass
+   * `true` for `immediate` to cause debounce to invoke `func` on the leading,
+   * instead of the trailing, edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to
+   * the debounced function will return the result of the last `func` call.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
+   * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay.
+   * @param {Boolean} immediate A flag to indicate execution is on the leading
+   *  edge of the timeout.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 300);
+   * jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);
+   */
+  function debounce(func, wait, immediate) {
+    var args,
+        result,
+        thisArg,
+        timeoutId;
+
+    function delayed() {
+      timeoutId = null;
+      if (!immediate) {
+        result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return function() {
+      var isImmediate = immediate && !timeoutId;
+      args = arguments;
+      thisArg = this;
+
+      clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+      timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
+
+      if (isImmediate) {
+        result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Executes the `func` function after `wait` milliseconds. Additional arguments
+   * will be passed to `func` when it is invoked.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
+   * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay execution.
+   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the function with.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns the `setTimeout` timeout id.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var log = _.bind(console.log, console);
+   * _.delay(log, 1000, 'logged later');
+   * // => 'logged later' (Appears after one second.)
+   */
+  function delay(func, wait) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    return setTimeout(function() { return func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Defers executing the `func` function until the current call stack has cleared.
+   * Additional arguments will be passed to `func` when it is invoked.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
+   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the function with.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns the `setTimeout` timeout id.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.defer(function() { alert('deferred'); });
+   * // returns from the function before `alert` is called
+   */
+  function defer(func) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    return setTimeout(function() { return func.apply(undefined, args); }, 1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
+   * passed, it will be used to determine the cache key for storing the result
+   * based on the arguments passed to the memoized function. By default, the first
+   * argument passed to the memoized function is used as the cache key.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
+   * @param {Function} [resolver] A function used to resolve the cache key.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
+   *   return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
+   * });
+   */
+  function memoize(func, resolver) {
+    var cache = {};
+    return function() {
+      var prop = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, arguments) : arguments[0];
+      return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, prop)
+        ? cache[prop]
+        : (cache[prop] = func.apply(this, arguments));
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that is restricted to one execution. Repeat calls to
+   * the function will return the value of the first call.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
+   * initialize();
+   * initialize();
+   * // Application is only created once.
+   */
+  function once(func) {
+    var result,
+        ran = false;
+
+    return function() {
+      if (ran) {
+        return result;
+      }
+      ran = true;
+      result = func.apply(this, arguments);
+
+      // clear the `func` variable so the function may be garbage collected
+      func = null;
+      return result;
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that, when called, invokes `func` with any additional
+   * `partial` arguments prepended to those passed to the new function. This method
+   * is similar `bind`, except it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
+   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to be partially applied.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var greet = function(greeting, name) { return greeting + ': ' + name; };
+   * var hi = _.partial(greet, 'hi');
+   * hi('moe');
+   * // => 'hi: moe'
+   */
+  function partial(func) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 1),
+        argsLength = args.length;
+
+    return function() {
+      var result,
+          others = arguments;
+
+      if (others.length) {
+        args.length = argsLength;
+        push.apply(args, others);
+      }
+      result = args.length == 1 ? func.call(this, args[0]) : func.apply(this, args);
+      args.length = argsLength;
+      return result;
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that, when executed, will only call the `func`
+   * function at most once per every `wait` milliseconds. If the throttled
+   * function is invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout, `func` will
+   * also be called on the trailing edge of the timeout. Subsequent calls to the
+   * throttled function will return the result of the last `func` call.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
+   * @param {Number} wait The number of milliseconds to throttle executions to.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);
+   * jQuery(window).on('scroll', throttled);
+   */
+  function throttle(func, wait) {
+    var args,
+        result,
+        thisArg,
+        timeoutId,
+        lastCalled = 0;
+
+    function trailingCall() {
+      lastCalled = new Date;
+      timeoutId = null;
+      result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+    }
+
+    return function() {
+      var now = new Date,
+          remain = wait - (now - lastCalled);
+
+      args = arguments;
+      thisArg = this;
+
+      if (remain <= 0) {
+        lastCalled = now;
+        result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
+      }
+      else if (!timeoutId) {
+        timeoutId = setTimeout(trailingCall, remain);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new function that passes `value` to the `wrapper` function as its
+   * first argument. Additional arguments passed to the new function are appended
+   * to those passed to the `wrapper` function.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Functions
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap.
+   * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var hello = function(name) { return 'hello: ' + name; };
+   * hello = _.wrap(hello, function(func) {
+   *   return 'before, ' + func('moe') + ', after';
+   * });
+   * hello();
+   * // => 'before, hello: moe, after'
+   */
+  function wrap(value, wrapper) {
+    return function() {
+      var args = [value];
+      if (arguments.length) {
+        push.apply(args, arguments);
+      }
+      return wrapper.apply(this, args);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the characters `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'` in `string` to their
+   * corresponding HTML entities.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @param {String} string The string to escape.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the escaped string.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.escape('Moe, Larry & Curly');
+   * // => "Moe, Larry &amp; Curly"
+   */
+  function escape(string) {
+    return string == null ? '' : (string + '').replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function returns the first argument passed to it.
+   *
+   * Note: It is used throughout Lo-Dash as a default callback.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @param {Mixed} value Any value.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns `value`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var moe = { 'name': 'moe' };
+   * moe === _.identity(moe);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function identity(value) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds functions properties of `object` to the `lodash` function and chainable
+   * wrapper.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @param {Object} object The object of function properties to add to `lodash`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.mixin({
+   *   'capitalize': function(string) {
+   *     return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1).toLowerCase();
+   *   }
+   * });
+   *
+   * _.capitalize('larry');
+   * // => 'Larry'
+   *
+   * _('curly').capitalize();
+   * // => 'Curly'
+   */
+  function mixin(object) {
+    forEach(functions(object), function(methodName) {
+      var func = lodash[methodName] = object[methodName];
+
+      LoDash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+        var args = [this.__wrapped__];
+        if (arguments.length) {
+          push.apply(args, arguments);
+        }
+        var result = func.apply(lodash, args);
+        if (this.__chain__) {
+          result = new LoDash(result);
+          result.__chain__ = true;
+        }
+        return result;
+      };
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reverts the '_' variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
+   * the `lodash` function.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var lodash = _.noConflict();
+   */
+  function noConflict() {
+    window._ = oldDash;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
+   * argument is passed, a number between `0` and the given number will be returned.
+   * If no arguments are passed `_.random` will act as `Math.random`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @param {Number} min The minimum possible value.
+   * @param {Number} max The maximum possible value.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns a random number.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.random(0, 5);
+   * // => a number between 1 and 5
+   *
+   * _.random(5);
+   * // => also a number between 1 and 5
+   *
+   * _.random();
+   * // => an integer between 0 and less than 1
+   */
+  function random(min, max) {
+    if (min == null && max == null) {
+      return nativeRandom();
+    }
+    min = +min || 0;
+    if (max == null) {
+      max = min;
+      min = 0;
+    }
+    return min + nativeFloor(nativeRandom() * ((+max || 0) - min + 1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolves the value of `property` on `object`. If `property` is a function
+   * it will be invoked and its result returned, else the property value is
+   * returned. If `object` is falsey, then `null` is returned.
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @param {String} property The property to get the result of.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the resolved value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var object = {
+   *   'cheese': 'crumpets',
+   *   'stuff': function() {
+   *     return 'nonsense';
+   *   }
+   * };
+   *
+   * _.result(object, 'cheese');
+   * // => 'crumpets'
+   *
+   * _.result(object, 'stuff');
+   * // => 'nonsense'
+   */
+  function result(object, property) {
+    // based on Backbone's private `getValue` function
+    // https://github.com/documentcloud/backbone/blob/0.9.2/backbone.js#L1419-1424
+    if (!object) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    var value = object[property];
+    return isFunction(value) ? object[property]() : value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A micro-templating method that handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves
+   * whitespace, and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
+   *
+   * Note: In the development build `_.template` utilizes sourceURLs for easier
+   * debugging. See http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
+   *
+   * Note: Lo-Dash may be used in Chrome extensions by either creating a `lodash csp`
+   * build and avoiding `_.template` use, or loading Lo-Dash in a sandboxed page.
+   * See http://developer.chrome.com/trunk/extensions/sandboxingEval.html
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @param {String} text The template text.
+   * @param {Obect} data The data object used to populate the text.
+   * @param {Object} options The options object.
+   * @returns {Function|String} Returns a compiled function when no `data` object
+   *  is given, else it returns the interpolated text.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * // using a compiled template
+   * var compiled = _.template('hello: <%= name %>');
+   * compiled({ 'name': 'moe' });
+   * // => 'hello: moe'
+   *
+   * var list = '<% _.forEach(people, function(name) { %> <li><%= name %></li> <% }); %>';
+   * _.template(list, { 'people': ['moe', 'larry', 'curly'] });
+   * // => '<li>moe</li><li>larry</li><li>curly</li>'
+   *
+   * // using the "escape" delimiter to escape HTML in data property values
+   * _.template('<b><%- value %></b>', { 'value': '<script>' });
+   * // => '<b>&lt;script></b>'
+   *
+   * // using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
+   * _.template('<% print("Hello " + epithet); %>', { 'epithet': 'stooge' });
+   * // => 'Hello stooge.'
+   *
+   * // using custom template delimiter settings
+   * _.templateSettings = {
+   *   'interpolate': /\{\{(.+?)\}\}/g
+   * };
+   *
+   * _.template('Hello {{ name }}!', { 'name': 'Mustache' });
+   * // => 'Hello Mustache!'
+   *
+   * // using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
+   * var compiled = _.template('hello: <%= data.name %>', null, { 'variable': 'data' });
+   * compiled.source;
+   * // => function(data) {
+   *   var __t, __p = '', __e = _.escape;
+   *   __p += 'hello: ' + ((__t = ( data.name )) == null ? '' : __t);
+   *   return __p;
+   * }
+   *
+   * // using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
+   * // line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
+   * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
+   *   var JST = {\
+   *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
+   *   };\
+   * ');
+   */
+  function template(text, data, options) {
+    // based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation
+    // http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/
+    // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js
+    // https://github.com/olado/doT
+    options || (options = {});
+    text += '';
+
+    var isEvaluating,
+        result,
+        escapeDelimiter = options.escape,
+        evaluateDelimiter = options.evaluate,
+        interpolateDelimiter = options.interpolate,
+        settings = lodash.templateSettings,
+        variable = options.variable || settings.variable,
+        hasVariable = variable;
+
+    // use default settings if no options object is provided
+    if (escapeDelimiter == null) {
+      escapeDelimiter = settings.escape;
+    }
+    if (evaluateDelimiter == null) {
+      // use `false` as the fallback value, instead of leaving it `undefined`,
+      // so the initial assignment of `reEvaluateDelimiter` will still occur
+      evaluateDelimiter = settings.evaluate || false;
+    }
+    if (interpolateDelimiter == null) {
+      interpolateDelimiter = settings.interpolate;
+    }
+
+    // tokenize delimiters to avoid escaping them
+    if (escapeDelimiter) {
+      text = text.replace(escapeDelimiter, tokenizeEscape);
+    }
+    if (interpolateDelimiter) {
+      text = text.replace(interpolateDelimiter, tokenizeInterpolate);
+    }
+    if (evaluateDelimiter != lastEvaluateDelimiter) {
+      // generate `reEvaluateDelimiter` to match `_.templateSettings.evaluate`
+      // and internal `<e%- %>`, `<e%= %>` delimiters
+      lastEvaluateDelimiter = evaluateDelimiter;
+      reEvaluateDelimiter = RegExp(
+        '<e%-([\\s\\S]+?)%>|<e%=([\\s\\S]+?)%>' +
+        (evaluateDelimiter ? '|' + evaluateDelimiter.source : '')
+      , 'g');
+    }
+    isEvaluating = tokenized.length;
+    text = text.replace(reEvaluateDelimiter, tokenizeEvaluate);
+    isEvaluating = isEvaluating != tokenized.length;
+
+    // escape characters that cannot be included in string literals and
+    // detokenize delimiter code snippets
+    text = "__p += '" + text
+      .replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar)
+      .replace(reToken, detokenize) + "';\n";
+
+    // clear stored code snippets
+    tokenized.length = 0;
+
+    // if `variable` is not specified and the template contains "evaluate"
+    // delimiters, wrap a with-statement around the generated code to add the
+    // data object to the top of the scope chain
+    if (!hasVariable) {
+      variable = lastVariable || 'obj';
+
+      if (isEvaluating) {
+        text = 'with (' + variable + ') {\n' + text + '\n}\n';
+      }
+      else {
+        if (variable != lastVariable) {
+          // generate `reDoubleVariable` to match references like `obj.obj` inside
+          // transformed "escape" and "interpolate" delimiters
+          lastVariable = variable;
+          reDoubleVariable = RegExp('(\\(\\s*)' + variable + '\\.' + variable + '\\b', 'g');
+        }
+        // avoid a with-statement by prepending data object references to property names
+        text = text
+          .replace(reInsertVariable, '$&' + variable + '.')
+          .replace(reDoubleVariable, '$1__d');
+      }
+    }
+
+    // cleanup code by stripping empty strings
+    text = ( isEvaluating ? text.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : text)
+      .replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1')
+      .replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');
+
+    // frame code as the function body
+    text = 'function(' + variable + ') {\n' +
+      (hasVariable ? '' : variable + ' || (' + variable + ' = {});\n') +
+      'var __t, __p = \'\', __e = _.escape' +
+      (isEvaluating
+        ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' +
+          'function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, \'\') }\n'
+        : (hasVariable ? '' : ', __d = ' + variable + '.' + variable + ' || ' + variable) + ';\n'
+      ) +
+      text +
+      'return __p\n}';
+
+    // add a sourceURL for easier debugging
+    // http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
+    if (useSourceURL) {
+      text += '\n//@ sourceURL=/lodash/template/source[' + (templateCounter++) + ']';
+    }
+
+    try {
+      result = Function('_', 'return ' + text)(lodash);
+    } catch(e) {
+      e.source = text;
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    if (data) {
+      return result(data);
+    }
+    // provide the compiled function's source via its `toString` method, in
+    // supported environments, or the `source` property as a convenience for
+    // inlining compiled templates during the build process
+    result.source = text;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Executes the `callback` function `n` times. The `callback` is bound to
+   * `thisArg` and invoked with 1 argument; (index).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @param {Number} n The number of times to execute the callback.
+   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.times(3, function(n) { genie.grantWish(n); });
+   * // => calls `genie.grantWish(n)` three times, passing `n` of `0`, `1`, and `2` respectively
+   *
+   * _.times(3, function(n) { this.grantWish(n); }, genie);
+   * // => also calls `genie.grantWish(n)` three times
+   */
+  function times(n, callback, thisArg) {
+    var index = -1;
+    if (thisArg) {
+      while (++index < n) {
+        callback.call(thisArg, index);
+      }
+    } else {
+      while (++index < n) {
+        callback(index);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the HTML entities `&amp;`, `&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&quot;`, and `&#x27;`
+   * in `string` to their corresponding characters.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @param {String} string The string to unescape.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the unescaped string.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.unescape('Moe, Larry &amp; Curly');
+   * // => "Moe, Larry & Curly"
+   */
+  function unescape(string) {
+    return string == null ? '' : (string + '').replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates a unique id. If `prefix` is passed, the id will be appended to it.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Utilities
+   * @param {String} [prefix] The value to prefix the id with.
+   * @returns {Number|String} Returns a numeric id if no prefix is passed, else
+   *  a string id may be returned.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.uniqueId('contact_');
+   * // => 'contact_104'
+   */
+  function uniqueId(prefix) {
+    var id = idCounter++;
+    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps the value in a `lodash` wrapper object.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Chaining
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the wrapper object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 },
+   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'age': 60 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * var youngest = _.chain(stooges)
+   *     .sortBy(function(stooge) { return stooge.age; })
+   *     .map(function(stooge) { return stooge.name + ' is ' + stooge.age; })
+   *     .first()
+   *     .value();
+   * // => 'moe is 40'
+   */
+  function chain(value) {
+    value = new LoDash(value);
+    value.__chain__ = true;
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Invokes `interceptor` with the `value` as the first argument, and then
+   * returns `value`. The purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain,
+   * in order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Chaining
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to pass to `interceptor`.
+   * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns `value`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.chain([1,2,3,200])
+   *  .filter(function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; })
+   *  .tap(alert)
+   *  .map(function(num) { return num * num })
+   *  .value();
+   * // => // [2, 200] (alerted)
+   * // => [4, 40000]
+   */
+  function tap(value, interceptor) {
+    interceptor(value);
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Enables method chaining on the wrapper object.
+   *
+   * @name chain
+   * @deprecated
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Chaining
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the wrapper object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
+   * // => [1, 2, 3]
+   */
+  function wrapperChain() {
+    this.__chain__ = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Extracts the wrapped value.
+   *
+   * @name value
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Chaining
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the wrapped value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
+   * // => [1, 2, 3]
+   */
+  function wrapperValue() {
+    return this.__wrapped__;
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * The semantic version number.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type String
+   */
+  lodash.VERSION = '0.7.0';
+
+  // assign static methods
+  lodash.after = after;
+  lodash.bind = bind;
+  lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
+  lodash.chain = chain;
+  lodash.clone = clone;
+  lodash.compact = compact;
+  lodash.compose = compose;
+  lodash.contains = contains;
+  lodash.countBy = countBy;
+  lodash.debounce = debounce;
+  lodash.defaults = defaults;
+  lodash.defer = defer;
+  lodash.delay = delay;
+  lodash.difference = difference;
+  lodash.escape = escape;
+  lodash.every = every;
+  lodash.extend = extend;
+  lodash.filter = filter;
+  lodash.find = find;
+  lodash.first = first;
+  lodash.flatten = flatten;
+  lodash.forEach = forEach;
+  lodash.forIn = forIn;
+  lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
+  lodash.functions = functions;
+  lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
+  lodash.has = has;
+  lodash.identity = identity;
+  lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
+  lodash.initial = initial;
+  lodash.intersection = intersection;
+  lodash.invert = invert;
+  lodash.invoke = invoke;
+  lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
+  lodash.isArray = isArray;
+  lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
+  lodash.isDate = isDate;
+  lodash.isElement = isElement;
+  lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
+  lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
+  lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
+  lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
+  lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
+  lodash.isNull = isNull;
+  lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
+  lodash.isObject = isObject;
+  lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
+  lodash.isString = isString;
+  lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
+  lodash.keys = keys;
+  lodash.last = last;
+  lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
+  lodash.map = map;
+  lodash.max = max;
+  lodash.memoize = memoize;
+  lodash.merge = merge;
+  lodash.min = min;
+  lodash.mixin = mixin;
+  lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
+  lodash.object = object;
+  lodash.omit = omit;
+  lodash.once = once;
+  lodash.pairs = pairs;
+  lodash.partial = partial;
+  lodash.pick = pick;
+  lodash.pluck = pluck;
+  lodash.random = random;
+  lodash.range = range;
+  lodash.reduce = reduce;
+  lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
+  lodash.reject = reject;
+  lodash.rest = rest;
+  lodash.result = result;
+  lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
+  lodash.size = size;
+  lodash.some = some;
+  lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
+  lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
+  lodash.tap = tap;
+  lodash.template = template;
+  lodash.throttle = throttle;
+  lodash.times = times;
+  lodash.toArray = toArray;
+  lodash.unescape = unescape;
+  lodash.union = union;
+  lodash.uniq = uniq;
+  lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;
+  lodash.values = values;
+  lodash.where = where;
+  lodash.without = without;
+  lodash.wrap = wrap;
+  lodash.zip = zip;
+
+  // assign aliases
+  lodash.all = every;
+  lodash.any = some;
+  lodash.collect = map;
+  lodash.detect = find;
+  lodash.drop = rest;
+  lodash.each = forEach;
+  lodash.foldl = reduce;
+  lodash.foldr = reduceRight;
+  lodash.head = first;
+  lodash.include = contains;
+  lodash.inject = reduce;
+  lodash.methods = functions;
+  lodash.select = filter;
+  lodash.tail = rest;
+  lodash.take = first;
+  lodash.unique = uniq;
+
+  // add pseudo private properties used and removed during the build process
+  lodash._iteratorTemplate = iteratorTemplate;
+  lodash._shimKeys = shimKeys;
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  // assign private `LoDash` constructor's prototype
+  LoDash.prototype = lodash.prototype;
+
+  // add all static functions to `LoDash.prototype`
+  mixin(lodash);
+
+  // add `LoDash.prototype.chain` after calling `mixin()` to avoid overwriting
+  // it with the wrapped `lodash.chain`
+  LoDash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
+  LoDash.prototype.value = wrapperValue;
+
+  // add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
+  forEach(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
+    var func = ArrayProto[methodName];
+
+    LoDash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+      var value = this.__wrapped__;
+      func.apply(value, arguments);
+
+      // avoid array-like object bugs with `Array#shift` and `Array#splice` in
+      // Firefox < 10 and IE < 9
+      if (hasObjectSpliceBug && value.length === 0) {
+        delete value[0];
+      }
+      if (this.__chain__) {
+        value = new LoDash(value);
+        value.__chain__ = true;
+      }
+      return value;
+    };
+  });
+
+  // add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
+  forEach(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(methodName) {
+    var func = ArrayProto[methodName];
+
+    LoDash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
+      var value = this.__wrapped__,
+          result = func.apply(value, arguments);
+
+      if (this.__chain__) {
+        result = new LoDash(result);
+        result.__chain__ = true;
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+  });
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  // expose Lo-Dash
+  // some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for specific condition patterns like the following:
+  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
+    // Expose Lo-Dash to the global object even when an AMD loader is present in
+    // case Lo-Dash was injected by a third-party script and not intended to be
+    // loaded as a module. The global assignment can be reverted in the Lo-Dash
+    // module via its `noConflict()` method.
+    window._ = lodash;
+
+    // define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
+    // referenced as the "underscore" module
+    define(function() {
+      return lodash;
+    });
+  }
+  // check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object
+  else if (freeExports) {
+    // in Node.js or RingoJS v0.8.0+
+    if (typeof module == 'object' && module && module.exports == freeExports) {
+      (module.exports = lodash)._ = lodash;
+    }
+    // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0-
+    else {
+      freeExports._ = lodash;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    // in a browser or Rhino
+    window._ = lodash;
+  }
+}(this));