linguistics_latin 0.0.1

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data/.gitignore

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+*.gem
+*.rbc
+.bundle
+.config
+.yardoc
+Gemfile.lock
+InstalledFiles
+_yardoc
+coverage
+doc/
+lib/bundler/man
+pkg
+rdoc
+spec/reports
+test/tmp
+test/version_tmp
+tmp

data/Gemfile

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+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in linguistics_latin.gemspec
+gemspec

data/LICENSE.txt

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+Copyright (c) 2013 Steven G. Harms
+
+MIT License
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

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+# Linguistics::Latin
+
+A module which models the Latin language's verbs an phonographic
+behavior.  These are behaviors and inhabitants of Latin grammar
+universe.  Regardless of which programs use these data, these behaviors
+will always remain true.
+
+By way of constrast, another library (say, [LatinVerb][]) might *use*
+these definitions, but does not alter them.  Particular data structures
+for processing or mutating data are native to client libraries.
+
+I should hope that in future this gem and others like it be merged into
+a common Linguistics Gem.
+
+[LatinVerb]: https://github.com/sgharms/LatinVerb
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+    gem 'linguistics_latin'
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+    $ gem install linguistics_latin
+
+## Usage
+
+This is pretty much a library which defines some constants.

data/Rakefile

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+require "bundler/gem_tasks"

data/lib/linguistics_latin/phonographia.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    ##
+    #
+    # The Phonographia module handles the phonography of written Latin:  how
+    # the sound of Latin is written.  In particular, the sounds that need
+    # special notation are the vowels which may bear a long ("ā") or short
+    # ("a") quantity.
+    #
+    # When forming Latin words from heuristic (as LatinVerb does), certain
+    # phonographical structures arise that one does not see in the language as
+    # practiced by humans.  For example, given "amāre," the stem is "amā."
+    # When the heuristic  postpends "t" to get the present, indicative, third
+    # person singular, the result is "amāt," which, by rules of Latin
+    # phonology, must be made to bear a short sound in the ultimate vowel.
+    # This state is _phonographically_ notes as "amat."  This module
+    # implements the appropriate rules for proper phonetic compliance.
+    #
+    # === DESCRIPTION
+    #
+    # Latin has several rules pertaining to how long sounds must behave
+    # based on their neighboring characters.  The rules that +fix_macrons+
+    # tests are the following
+    #
+    # === RULES
+    #
+    # <b>Rule 1: </b>:: m/r/t at end of line shortens preceding vowel
+    # <b>Rule 2: </b>:: macron-bearing vowel  before vowel, regardless of
+    #                   its quantity
+    # <b>Rule 3: </b>:: macron-bearing vowel before  /n[td]/ anywhere in the string
+    #
+    # === ARGUMENTS
+    #
+    # +s+ :: a string which needs to be processed for Latin phonographic
+    #             compliance
+    #
+    # === RETURNS
+    #
+    # String with consonants properly converted
+    #
+    # === EXAMPLE
+    #
+    # fix_macrons(fabām) #=> fabam ( Rule 1 )
+    # fix_macrons(cāīō)  #=> caiō  ( Rule 1, Rule 2 )
+    #
+    ##
+    module Phonographia
+      MACRON_TABLE = {
+        "\xc4\x81" => 'a',
+        "\xc4\x93" => 'e',
+        "\xc4\xab" => 'i',
+        "\xc5\x8d" => 'o',
+        "\xc5\xab" => 'u',
+        "\xc4\x80" => 'A',
+        "\xc4\x92" => 'E',
+        "\xc4\xaa" => 'I',
+        "\xc5\x8c" => 'O',
+        "\xc5\xaa" => 'U',
+        "ā" => 'a',
+        "ē" => 'e',
+        "ī" => 'i',
+        "ō" => 'o',
+        "ū" => 'u',
+        "Ā" => 'A',
+        "Ē" => 'E',
+        "Ī" => 'I',
+        "Ō" => 'O',
+        "Ū" => 'U'
+      }
+
+      class << self
+        def fix_macrons(s)
+          s = mrt_at_end_of_word(s)
+          s = macron_before_vowel(s)
+          s = macron_before_nd(s)
+          s
+        end
+
+        def mrt_at_end_of_word(s)
+          if s =~ /^(.*)([āēīōūĀĒĪŌŪ])([mrt])$/i
+            return $1 + MACRON_TABLE[$2] + $3
+          end
+          s
+        end
+
+        def macron_before_vowel(s)
+           if s =~ /(.*)([āēīōūĀĒĪŌŪ])([āēīōūĀĒĪŌŪaeiouAEIOU])(.*)/i
+             return self.fix_macrons $1 + MACRON_TABLE[$2] + $3 + $4
+           end
+          s
+        end
+
+        def macron_before_nd(s)
+          if s =~ /n[td]/
+            mutaturum = s.split(//)
+            mutatum = []
+            mutaturum.each_with_index do |e, i|
+              if ( e == "n" && mutaturum[i+1].match(/[td]/) && !MACRON_TABLE[mutaturum[i-1]].nil? )
+                mutatum[i-1] = MACRON_TABLE[mutaturum[i-1]]
+              end
+              mutatum << e
+            end
+            return mutatum.join ''
+          end
+          s
+        end
+      end
+
+      def fix_macrons(s)
+        Linguistics::Latin::Phonographia.fix_macrons(s)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/linguistics_latin/verb/classification_type/defective.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module Classification
+        class Defective < ClassificationType
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/linguistics_latin/verb/classification_type/deponent.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module Classification
+        class Deponent < ClassificationType
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/linguistics_latin/verb/classification_type/impersonal.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module Classification
+        class Impersonal < ClassificationType
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/linguistics_latin/verb/classification_type/irregular.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module Classification
+        class Irregular < ClassificationType
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/linguistics_latin/verb/classification_type/present_only.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module Classification
+        class PresentOnly < ClassificationType
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/linguistics_latin/verb/classification_type/regular.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module Classification
+        class Regular < ClassificationType
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/linguistics_latin/verb/classification_type/semideponent.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module Classification
+        class Semideponent < ClassificationType
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/linguistics_latin/verb/classification_types.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      module Classification
+        class ClassificationType
+          def self.short_name
+            self.to_s.split('::').last
+          end
+
+          def self.short_name_key
+            short_name.to_sym
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+require_relative './classification_type/defective'
+require_relative './classification_type/deponent'
+require_relative './classification_type/impersonal'
+require_relative './classification_type/irregular'
+require_relative './classification_type/present_only'
+require_relative './classification_type/regular'
+require_relative './classification_type/semideponent'

data/lib/linguistics_latin/verb/constants.rb

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+module Linguistics
+  module Latin
+    module Verb
+      # :stopdoc:
+      # active_present_endings: ("ap_"-prefixed)
+        AP_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS = %w(s  t  mus  tis  nt)
+        AP_THIRD_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS            = %w(ō  is it   imus itis unt)
+        AP_THIRDIO_CONJG_PERS_ENDINGS           = %w(is it imus itis iunt)
+
+      # active_imperfect_endings: ("ai_"-prefixed)
+        AI_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS = %w(bam bās bat bāmus bātis bant)
+        AI_THIRD_CONJUG_PERS_ENDINGS            = %w(ēbam ēbās ēbat ēbāmus ēbātis ēbant)
+
+      # active_future_endings: ("af_"-prefixed)
+        AF_ONE_TWO_ENDINGS = %w(bō bis bit bimus bitis bunt)
+        AF_OTHER_ENDINGS   = %w(am ēs et ēmus ētis ent)
+
+      # active_perfect_present: ("aperf"-prefixed)
+        APERF_ENDINGS        = %w(istī it imus istis ērunt)
+        APERF_PAST_ENDINGS   = PLUPERF_ENDINGS  =
+                               %w(eram erās erat erāmus erātis erant)
+        APERF_FUTURE_ENDINGS = %w(erō eris erit erimus eritis erint)
+
+      # passive endings
+        PASSIVE_ENDINGS_FIRST_AND_SECOND_CONJG =
+          %w(r ris tur mur minī ntur)
+        PASSIVE_ENDINGS_OTHER                  =
+          %w(r eris itur imur iminī untur)
+
+        PASS_PERF_PRESENT_ENDINGS = %w(sum es est sumus estis sunt)
+        PASS_PERF_PAST_ENDINGS    = %w(eram erās erat erāmus erātis erant)
+        PASS_PERF_FUTURE_ENDINGS  = %w(erō eris erit erimus eritis erint)
+
+        PASS_PERF_SUBJUNCTIVE_ENDINGS = %w(sim sis sit simus sitis sint)
+        PASS_PLUPERF_PAST_ENDINGS     = %w(essem essēs esset essēmus essētis essent)
+
+      # subjunctive tools
+        # hash for getting a verb's subjunctive stem
+        # based off the W[e] F[ea]r [A] L[ia]r mnemonic
+        ACTIVE_PRESENT_SUBJUNCTIVE_ENDINGS = {
+          :First   => "ē" ,
+          :Second  => "eā",
+          :Third   => "ā" ,
+          :Fourth  => "iā",
+          :ThirdIO => "iā"
+        }
+
+      # Listing of all defective verbs
+      # See A&G Sec. 205
+      DEFECTIVE_VERBS = %w{
+        addormisco
+        adolesco
+        aio
+        albesco
+        arboresco
+        aresco
+        assenesco
+        auresco
+        candesco
+        canesco
+        celebresco
+        cornesco
+        crudesco
+        dulcesco
+        effor
+        erubesco
+        extollo
+        grandesco
+        inquam
+        languesco
+        latesco
+        longisco
+        lucesco
+        marcesco
+        matresco
+        mollesco
+        remollesco
+        siccesco
+        sterto
+        tenebresco
+        tremesco
+        tumesco
+        veteresco
+      }
+
+      # Listing of all impersonal verbs
+      # See A&G #207
+      IMPERSONAL_VERBS = %w{
+        accidit
+        addecet
+        advesperascit
+        certum est
+        condecet
+        constat
+        contingit
+        cōnstat
+        decet
+        dedecet
+        dēlecat
+        evenit
+        fit
+        fulgerat
+        grandinat
+        ifvat
+        interest
+        licet
+        lūcīscit hōc
+        miseret
+        necesse est
+        ningit
+        obtingit
+        obvenit
+        oportet
+        paenitet
+        piget
+        placet
+        pluit
+        pluo
+        praestat
+        pudet
+        restat
+        rēfert
+        rōrat
+        superest
+        taedet
+        tonat
+        vacat
+        vesperāscit
+        vidētur
+        ēvenit
+      }
+
+      # Present system only.  See A&G206
+      # There are probably more of these, but A&G only lists these two.
+      PRESENT_ONLY = %w{
+        maēre
+        ferīre
+        aiō
+        inquam
+        for
+        quaesō
+        ovāre
+      }
+
+      # See A&G # 192
+      SEMI_DEPONENTS = {
+        'audeō'  => %w(audēre ausus),
+        'fidō'   => %w(fidere fīsus),
+        'gaudeō' => %w(gaudēre gāvīsus),
+        'soleō'  => %w(solēre solitus),
+      }
+
+      # Irregular Verbs.  See A&G 197
+      IRREGULAR_VERBS = {
+        'sum'    => 'SUM_ESSE_FUĪ_FUTŪRUS',
+        'possum' => 'POSSUM_POSSE_POTUĪ',
+        'ferō'   => 'FERŌ_FERRE_TULĪ_LĀTUM',
+        'eō'     => 'EŌ_ĪRE_IVĪ_ITUM',
+        'nōlō'   => 'NŌLŌ_NŌLLE_NŌLUĪ',
+        'volō'   => 'VOLŌ_VELLE_VOLUĪ',
+        'mālō'   => 'MĀLŌ_MĀLLE_MĀLUĪ',
+        'dō'     => 'DŌ_DĀRE_DEDĪ_DATUM',
+        'edō'    => 'EDŌ_ĒSSE_ĒDĪ_ĒSUM',
+        'queō'   => 'QUEŌ_QUĪRE_QUĪVĪ',
+        'fiō'    => 'FIŌ_FIĒRĪ_FACTUS',
+        'prōsum' => 'PRŌSUM_PRŌDESSE_PRŌFUĪ_PRŌFUTŪRUS',
+        'meminī' => 'MEMINĪ_MEMINISSE',
+        'ōdī'    => 'ODĪ_ŌDISSE',
+        'coepī'  => 'COEPĪ_COEPISSE_COEPTUM'
+      }
+
+      MEANINGS = {
+        :active_voice_imperative_mood_future_tense => "Command that something be done in the future",
+        :active_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense=> "Action to take place in the future: 'I will eat a hamburger.'" ,
+        :active_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense => "Action to be completed in the future: 'I will have eaten a hamburger.'" ,
+        :active_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense => "Sustained, habitual action in the past:  'I was eating hamburgers daily when I was a freshman.'" ,
+        :active_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense => "Action completed prior to a point in the past under discussion: 'I had eaten all the hamburgers (before my mother found out).'" ,
+        :active_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense => "Action completed in the past: 'I ate a hamburger.'" ,
+        :active_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense => "Present, possibly ongoing action relative to the speaker: 'I am eating a hamburger.  I eat a hamburger.'" ,
+        :active_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense => "Subjunctive uses apply: commands, contrary to fact wishes, etc." ,
+        :active_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense => "Subjunctive uses apply: commands, contrary to fact wishes, etc." ,
+        :active_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense => "Subjunctive uses apply: commands, contrary to fact wishes, etc." ,
+        :active_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense => "Subjunctive uses apply: commands, contrary to fact wishes, etc." ,
+        :passive_voice_indicative_mood_future_tense => "Action to be performed on conjugant in future:  'The hamburger will be eaten.'" ,
+        :passive_voice_indicative_mood_futureperfect_tense => "Action is to be performed to completion on conjugant in future: 'The hamburger will have been eaten.'" ,
+        :passive_voice_indicative_mood_imperfect_tense => "Habitual action performed on the conjugant in the past: 'The hamburger was being eaten slowly by the BurgerHoarder.'" ,
+        :passive_voice_indicative_mood_pastperfect_tense => "Action was fully completed upon the conjugant at a time prior to a time in the past: 'The hamburger had been eaten before my mom came home.'" ,
+        :passive_voice_indicative_mood_perfect_tense => "Action was completed upon the conjugant in the past: 'The hamburger was eaten.'" ,
+        :passive_voice_indicative_mood_present_tense => "Conjugant is presently undergoing action in the present time: 'The hamburger is being eaten.'" ,
+        :passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_imperfect_tense => "Subjunctive uses apply: commands, contrary to fact wishes, etc." ,
+        :passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_pastperfect_tense => "Subjunctive uses apply: commands, contrary to fact wishes, etc." ,
+        :passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_perfect_tense => "Subjunctive uses apply: commands, contrary to fact wishes, etc." ,
+        :passive_voice_subjunctive_mood_present_tense => "Subjunctive uses apply: commands, contrary to fact wishes, etc."
+      }
+      # :startdoc:
+    end
+  end
+end