good 0.1.0
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- data/.gitignore +17 -0
- data/Gemfile +4 -0
- data/LICENSE.txt +22 -0
- data/README.md +234 -0
- data/Rakefile +1 -0
- data/good.gemspec +23 -0
- data/lib/good.rb +71 -0
- data/spec/good_spec.rb +199 -0
- metadata +103 -0
data/.gitignore
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data/Gemfile
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data/LICENSE.txt
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Copyright (c) 2014 Rafer Hazen
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MIT License
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
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a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
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"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
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without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
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distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
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permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
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the following conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
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included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
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EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
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MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
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NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
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LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
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OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
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WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
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data/README.md
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# Good
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2 little things that make writing good Ruby programs a little easier.
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1. `Good::Value` is a class generator for simple, pleasant [Value objects](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_object).
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2. `Good::Record` is a class generator for simple, pleasant [Record objects](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_(computer_science) "Record Objects"). They're a lot like `Struct`.
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Both are used the same way same way, like this:
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```ruby
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class Person < Good::Value.new(:name, :age)
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end
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```
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or like this if you prefer:
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```ruby
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Person = Good::Value.new(:name, :age)
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end
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```
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Now, we can create a `Person`:
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```ruby
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person = Person.new(:name => "Mrs. Betty Slocombe", :age => 46)
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```
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and ask it about itself:
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```ruby
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person.name # => "Mrs. Betty Slocombe"
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person.age # => 46
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```
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`Good::Value` objects are immutable:
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```ruby
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person.name = "Captain Stephen Peacock" #=> NoMethodError: undefined method `name=' for ...
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```
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But don't worry, you can still get what you want:
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```ruby
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person = person.merge(:name => "Captain Stephen Peacock")
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person.name # => "Captain Stephen Peacock"
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```
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Most of the time immutable is good. If you don't want that though, try
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`Good::Record`:
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```ruby
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class Person < Good::Record.new(:name, :age)
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end
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```
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Now we can mutate the object:
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```ruby
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person = Person.new(:name => "Mrs. Betty Slocombe", :age => 46)
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person.age = 30
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person.age # => 30
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```
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Except for mutability `Good::Value` and `Good::Record` have the same interface.
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Don't forget, `Good::Value` and `Good::Record` are just regular Ruby objects,
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so they get to have methods just like everybody else:
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```ruby
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Person < Good::Value.new(:name, :age)
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def introduction
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"My name is #{name} and I'm #{age} years old"
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end
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end
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```
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Also, classes created with `Good::Value` and `Good::Record` have reasonable
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implmentations of `#==`, `#eql?` and `#hash`.
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## Bonus Features
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You can ask `Good::Value` and `Good::Record` a little about their structure:
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```ruby
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person.new(:name => "Miss Brahms", :age => 30)
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Person::MEMBERS # => [:name, :age]
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person.members # => [:name, :age]
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person.values # => ["Miss Brahms", 30]
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person.attributes # => {:name => "Miss Mrahms", :age => 30}
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```
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You can call `Person.coerce` to coerce input to a `Person` in the follwoing
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ways:
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```ruby
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# from a Hash (creates a new Person)
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Person.coerce(:name => "Mr. Ernest Grainge") # => #<Person:0x007fbe9121d048 @name="Mr. Ernest Grainge">
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# from a Person (returns the input unmodified)
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person = Person.new(:name => "Mr. Cuthbert Rumbold")
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Person.coerce(person) # => #<Person:0x007fbe920270f8 @name="Mr. Cuthbert Rumbold">
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# from something wrong
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Person.coerce("WRONG") # => TypeError: Unable to coerce String into Person
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```
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`.coerce` is particularly useful at code boundaries. It allows clients to pass
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options as a hash if they want to, while allowing you to use the type you
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expected confidently (because blatantly incorrect values raise a `TypeError`).
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## Motivation
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Why does the world need this?
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### `Good` vs Regular Ruby Objects
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Creating value classes is a good idea. Properly used, they make testing easier,
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help with separation of concerns and make interfaces more apparent. In Ruby, we
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like to do stuff with as little ceremony as possible. So what's wrong with a
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regular class:
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```ruby
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class Person
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attr_accessor :age, :name
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end
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```
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Nothing, really. The only problem is that, in order to get an object that's
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easy to work with, you'll probably want to implement `#initialize`, `#==`,
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`#eql?` and `#hash`. This isn't really so bad, but if you want to quickly create
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a number of these classes, the boilerplate code gets heavy pretty quickly. Plus
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you'll probably do it wrong the first time (I certainly did).
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It's worth noting that `Good` in no way seeks to become the foundation of your
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domain model. The second a class outgrows it's `Good::Value` or `Good::Record`
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roots, by all means you should remove `Good` from the picture and rely on pure
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Ruby classes instead. `Good` helps you get started quickly by making a
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particular pattern easy, but when your classes get more mature, it's time for
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`Good` to go.
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### `Good` vs `Hash`
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In general, passing hashes around in your application is a bad idea, unless the
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data they contain is truly unstructured. Since you can't add methods to hashes
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(unless you subclass them, which is perhaps its own variety of bad idea), a
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little bit of the logic to deal with these "structured" hashes gets spread
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around a lot of places.
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With a hash it can also be hard to figure out exactly what it is expected to
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contain. In many cases the passing of a hash with specific expectations about
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its contents is an indication that you're missing a class. Hopefully, prudent
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application of `Good::Value` and `Good::Record` will allow you extract that
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class more quickly, with minimal extra work.
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However, this is not to say that you should not use a hash at the boundary
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between client and library, or between various modules in your system. For
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example, say we've got an `Authenticator` class that takes a user's credentials:
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```ruby
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class Authenticator
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def initialize(credentials)
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username = credentials[:username]
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password = credentials[:password]
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end
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def authentic?
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...
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end
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end
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```
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This is a perfectly reasonable interface for a client to use:
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```ruby
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authenticator = Authenticator.new({
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:username => "m.grace@gracebrothers.com",
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:password => "rUbngS3rvd"
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})
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login if authenticator.authentic?
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```
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The following implementation maintains the same interface for the client and
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adds very little code:
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```ruby
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class Authenticator
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Credentials = Good::Value.new(:username, :password)
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def initialize(credentials)
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@credentials = Credentials.coerce(credentials)
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end
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def authentic?
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...
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end
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end
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```
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Say now that the the Authenticator needs to pass the user's credentials to
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another component (to log the attempt, for example), we are now in the enviable
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position of having an object, with a well defined interface to pass around -
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not a hash with implicit assumptions about its contents. Further, because of
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the `.coerce` method we can now accept a hash at the boundary or a fully formed
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`Credentials` object, it makes no difference to the `Authenticator`.
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This evolulution seems fairly common. To solve an immediate problem, a new
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`Good::Value` class is created inside the namespace of an existing class, which
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is at first desirable because it does not inflict this abstraction externally.
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Then, as the class begins to interact with other compontents in the system,
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this previously internal class can be made external and evolved into it's own
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fully fledged domain object (perhaps shedding `Good` in the process). When you
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start with a hash, it can be harder to spot the "missing" class.
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## Installation
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Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
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gem 'good'
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And then execute:
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$ bundle
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Or install it yourself as:
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$ gem install good
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## Tests
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bundle && bundle exec rake
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data/Rakefile
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require "bundler/gem_tasks"
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data/good.gemspec
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# coding: utf-8
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lib = File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__)
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$LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
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require 'good'
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Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
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spec.name = "good"
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spec.version = Good::VERSION
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spec.authors = ["Rafer Hazen"]
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spec.email = ["rafer@ralua.com"]
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spec.summary = %q{Good::Value and Good::Record}
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spec.homepage = ""
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spec.license = "MIT"
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spec.files = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0")
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spec.executables = spec.files.grep(%r{^bin/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
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spec.test_files = spec.files.grep(%r{^(test|spec|features)/})
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spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
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spec.add_development_dependency "rspec", "~> 2.0 "
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spec.add_development_dependency "bundler", "~> 1.5"
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spec.add_development_dependency "rake"
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end
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data/lib/good.rb
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class Good
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VERSION = "0.1.0"
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class Value
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def self.new(*members, &block)
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Good.generate(false, *members, &block)
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end
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end
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class Record
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def self.new(*members, &block)
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Good.generate(true, *members, &block)
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end
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end
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def self.generate(mutable, *members, &block)
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Class.new do
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mutable ? attr_accessor(*members) : attr_reader(*members)
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const_set(:MEMBERS, members.dup.freeze)
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def self.coerce(coercable)
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case coercable
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when self then coercable
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when Hash then new(coercable)
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else raise TypeError, "Unable to coerce #{coercable.class} into #{self}"
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end
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end
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define_method(:initialize) do |attributes={}|
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if mutable
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attributes.each { |k, v| send("#{k}=", v) }
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else
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attributes.each { |k, v| instance_variable_set(:"@#{k}", v) }
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end
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end
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def attributes
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{}.tap { |h| self.class::MEMBERS.each { |m| h[m] = send(m) } }
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end
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def members
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self.class::MEMBERS.dup
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end
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def values
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self.class::MEMBERS.map { |m| send(m) }
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end
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def merge(attributes={})
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self.class.new(self.attributes.merge(attributes))
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end
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def ==(other)
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other.is_a?(self.class) && attributes == other.attributes
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end
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def eql?(other)
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self == other
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end
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def hash
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attributes.hash
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end
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class_eval(&block) if block
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end
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end
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end
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data/spec/good_spec.rb
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require "bundler/setup"
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shared_examples :good do
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before do
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class Person < described_class.new(:name, :age)
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end
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end
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after do
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Object.send(:remove_const, :Person)
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end
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describe "#initialize" do
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it "accepts values via hash in the constructor" do
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person = Person.new(:name => "Bob")
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expect(person.name).to eq("Bob")
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end
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it "accepts string keys" do
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person = Person.new("name" => "Bob")
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expect(person.name).to eq("Bob")
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end
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it "allows 0 argument construction" do
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person = Person.new
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end
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end
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describe "#==" do
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it "is true if all the parameters are ==" do
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|
+
bob_1 = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
32
|
+
bob_2 = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
33
|
+
|
34
|
+
expect(bob_1).to eq(bob_2)
|
35
|
+
end
|
36
|
+
|
37
|
+
it "is false if any attributes are not #==" do
|
38
|
+
bob = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
39
|
+
ted = Person.new(:name => "Ted", :age => 50)
|
40
|
+
|
41
|
+
expect(bob).not_to eq(ted)
|
42
|
+
end
|
43
|
+
|
44
|
+
it "is false if the other object is not of the same class" do
|
45
|
+
bob = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
46
|
+
alien_bob = described_class.new(:name, :age).new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
47
|
+
|
48
|
+
expect(bob).not_to eq(alien_bob)
|
49
|
+
end
|
50
|
+
end
|
51
|
+
|
52
|
+
describe "#eql" do
|
53
|
+
it "is true if all the parameters are ==" do
|
54
|
+
bob_1 = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
55
|
+
bob_2 = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
56
|
+
|
57
|
+
expect(bob_1).to eql(bob_2)
|
58
|
+
end
|
59
|
+
|
60
|
+
it "is false if any attributes are not #==" do
|
61
|
+
bob = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
62
|
+
ted = Person.new(:name => "Ted", :age => 50)
|
63
|
+
|
64
|
+
expect(bob).not_to eql(ted)
|
65
|
+
end
|
66
|
+
|
67
|
+
it "is false if the other object is not of the same class" do
|
68
|
+
bob = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
69
|
+
alien_bob = Struct.new(:name, :age).new("Bob", 50)
|
70
|
+
|
71
|
+
expect(bob).not_to eql(alien_bob)
|
72
|
+
end
|
73
|
+
end
|
74
|
+
|
75
|
+
describe "#hash" do
|
76
|
+
it "is stable" do
|
77
|
+
bob_1 = Person.new(:name => "Bob")
|
78
|
+
bob_2 = Person.new(:name => "Bob")
|
79
|
+
|
80
|
+
expect(bob_1.hash).to eq(bob_2.hash)
|
81
|
+
end
|
82
|
+
|
83
|
+
it "varies with the parameters" do
|
84
|
+
bob = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
85
|
+
ted = Person.new(:name => "Ted", :age => 50)
|
86
|
+
|
87
|
+
expect(bob.hash).not_to eql(ted.hash)
|
88
|
+
end
|
89
|
+
end
|
90
|
+
|
91
|
+
describe "::MEMBERS" do
|
92
|
+
it "is the list of member variables" do
|
93
|
+
expect(Person::MEMBERS).to eq([:name, :age])
|
94
|
+
end
|
95
|
+
|
96
|
+
it "is frozen" do
|
97
|
+
expect { Person::MEMBERS << :height }.to raise_error(/can't modify frozen/)
|
98
|
+
end
|
99
|
+
end
|
100
|
+
|
101
|
+
describe "#members" do
|
102
|
+
it "is the list of member variables" do
|
103
|
+
person = Person.new
|
104
|
+
expect(person.members).to eq([:name, :age])
|
105
|
+
end
|
106
|
+
|
107
|
+
it "is modifiable without affecting the original members" do
|
108
|
+
person = Person.new
|
109
|
+
person.members << :height
|
110
|
+
expect(person.members).to eq([:name, :age])
|
111
|
+
end
|
112
|
+
end
|
113
|
+
|
114
|
+
describe "#values" do
|
115
|
+
it "is the list of values (in the same order as the #members)" do
|
116
|
+
person = Person.new(:age => 50, :name => "BOB")
|
117
|
+
expect(person.values).to eq(["BOB", 50])
|
118
|
+
end
|
119
|
+
end
|
120
|
+
|
121
|
+
describe "#attributes" do
|
122
|
+
it "is a hash of the attributes (with symbol keys)" do
|
123
|
+
person = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
124
|
+
expect(person.attributes).to eq(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
125
|
+
end
|
126
|
+
end
|
127
|
+
|
128
|
+
describe "#merge" do
|
129
|
+
it "returns an object with the given properties modified" do
|
130
|
+
young = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
131
|
+
old = young.merge(:age => 51)
|
132
|
+
|
133
|
+
expect(old.name).to eq("Bob")
|
134
|
+
expect(old.age).to eq(51)
|
135
|
+
end
|
136
|
+
|
137
|
+
it "does not mutate the old object" do
|
138
|
+
person = Person.new(:name => "Bob", :age => 50)
|
139
|
+
person.merge(:age => 51)
|
140
|
+
|
141
|
+
expect(person.age).to eq(50)
|
142
|
+
end
|
143
|
+
|
144
|
+
it "accepts 0 arguments" do
|
145
|
+
person = Person.new
|
146
|
+
expect(person.merge).not_to be(person)
|
147
|
+
end
|
148
|
+
end
|
149
|
+
|
150
|
+
describe ".coerce" do
|
151
|
+
it "returns the input unmodified if it is already an instance of the struct" do
|
152
|
+
person = Person.new
|
153
|
+
expect(Person.coerce(person)).to be(person)
|
154
|
+
end
|
155
|
+
|
156
|
+
it "initializes a new instance if the input is a hash" do
|
157
|
+
person = Person.coerce({:name => "Bob"})
|
158
|
+
expect(person).to eq(Person.new(:name => "Bob"))
|
159
|
+
end
|
160
|
+
|
161
|
+
it "raises a TypeError otherwise" do
|
162
|
+
expect { Person.coerce("15 lbs of squirrel fur") }.to raise_error(TypeError)
|
163
|
+
end
|
164
|
+
end
|
165
|
+
|
166
|
+
describe "block construction" do
|
167
|
+
let(:car_klass) do
|
168
|
+
described_class.new(:wheels) do
|
169
|
+
def drive
|
170
|
+
"Driving with all #{wheels} wheels!"
|
171
|
+
end
|
172
|
+
end
|
173
|
+
end
|
174
|
+
|
175
|
+
it "allows definition of methods" do
|
176
|
+
car = car_klass.new(:wheels => 4)
|
177
|
+
expect(car.drive).to eq("Driving with all 4 wheels!")
|
178
|
+
end
|
179
|
+
end
|
180
|
+
end
|
181
|
+
|
182
|
+
describe Good::Value do
|
183
|
+
include_examples(:good)
|
184
|
+
|
185
|
+
it "is immutable" do
|
186
|
+
person = Person.new
|
187
|
+
expect { person.name = "Bob" }.to raise_error(NoMethodError)
|
188
|
+
end
|
189
|
+
end
|
190
|
+
|
191
|
+
describe Good::Record do
|
192
|
+
include_examples(:good)
|
193
|
+
|
194
|
+
it "is mutable" do
|
195
|
+
person = Person.new
|
196
|
+
expect { person.name = "Bob" }.to change { person.name }.to("Bob")
|
197
|
+
end
|
198
|
+
end
|
199
|
+
|
metadata
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
|
|
1
|
+
--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
|
2
|
+
name: good
|
3
|
+
version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
4
|
+
version: 0.1.0
|
5
|
+
prerelease:
|
6
|
+
platform: ruby
|
7
|
+
authors:
|
8
|
+
- Rafer Hazen
|
9
|
+
autorequire:
|
10
|
+
bindir: bin
|
11
|
+
cert_chain: []
|
12
|
+
date: 2014-05-15 00:00:00.000000000 Z
|
13
|
+
dependencies:
|
14
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
|
15
|
+
name: rspec
|
16
|
+
requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
17
|
+
none: false
|
18
|
+
requirements:
|
19
|
+
- - ~>
|
20
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
21
|
+
version: '2.0'
|
22
|
+
type: :development
|
23
|
+
prerelease: false
|
24
|
+
version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
25
|
+
none: false
|
26
|
+
requirements:
|
27
|
+
- - ~>
|
28
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
29
|
+
version: '2.0'
|
30
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
|
31
|
+
name: bundler
|
32
|
+
requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
33
|
+
none: false
|
34
|
+
requirements:
|
35
|
+
- - ~>
|
36
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
37
|
+
version: '1.5'
|
38
|
+
type: :development
|
39
|
+
prerelease: false
|
40
|
+
version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
41
|
+
none: false
|
42
|
+
requirements:
|
43
|
+
- - ~>
|
44
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
45
|
+
version: '1.5'
|
46
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
|
47
|
+
name: rake
|
48
|
+
requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
49
|
+
none: false
|
50
|
+
requirements:
|
51
|
+
- - ! '>='
|
52
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
53
|
+
version: '0'
|
54
|
+
type: :development
|
55
|
+
prerelease: false
|
56
|
+
version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
57
|
+
none: false
|
58
|
+
requirements:
|
59
|
+
- - ! '>='
|
60
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
61
|
+
version: '0'
|
62
|
+
description:
|
63
|
+
email:
|
64
|
+
- rafer@ralua.com
|
65
|
+
executables: []
|
66
|
+
extensions: []
|
67
|
+
extra_rdoc_files: []
|
68
|
+
files:
|
69
|
+
- .gitignore
|
70
|
+
- Gemfile
|
71
|
+
- LICENSE.txt
|
72
|
+
- README.md
|
73
|
+
- Rakefile
|
74
|
+
- good.gemspec
|
75
|
+
- lib/good.rb
|
76
|
+
- spec/good_spec.rb
|
77
|
+
homepage: ''
|
78
|
+
licenses:
|
79
|
+
- MIT
|
80
|
+
post_install_message:
|
81
|
+
rdoc_options: []
|
82
|
+
require_paths:
|
83
|
+
- lib
|
84
|
+
required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
85
|
+
none: false
|
86
|
+
requirements:
|
87
|
+
- - ! '>='
|
88
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
89
|
+
version: '0'
|
90
|
+
required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
91
|
+
none: false
|
92
|
+
requirements:
|
93
|
+
- - ! '>='
|
94
|
+
- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
|
95
|
+
version: '0'
|
96
|
+
requirements: []
|
97
|
+
rubyforge_project:
|
98
|
+
rubygems_version: 1.8.23
|
99
|
+
signing_key:
|
100
|
+
specification_version: 3
|
101
|
+
summary: Good::Value and Good::Record
|
102
|
+
test_files:
|
103
|
+
- spec/good_spec.rb
|