fiveruns-fiveruns-memcache-client 1.5.0.2

data/History.txt

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+= 1.5.0.2 (FiveRuns fork)
+
+* Add support for seamless failover between servers.  If one server connection dies,
+the client will retry the operation on another server before giving up.
+
+* Merge Will Bryant's socket retry patch.
+http://willbryant.net/software/2007/12/21/ruby-memcache-client-reconnect-and-retry
+
+= 1.5.0.1 (FiveRuns fork)
+
+* Fix set not handling client disconnects.
+http://dev.twitter.com/2008/02/solving-case-of-missing-updates.html
+
+= 1.5.0
+
+* Add MemCache#flush_all command.  Patch #13019 and bug #10503.  Patches
+  submitted by Sebastian Delmont and Rick Olson.
+* Type-cast data returned by MemCache#stats.  Patch #10505 submitted by
+  Sebastian Delmont.
+
+= 1.4.0
+
+* Fix bug #10371, #set does not check response for server errors.
+  Submitted by Ben VandenBos.
+* Fix bug #12450, set TCP_NODELAY socket option.  Patch by Chris
+  McGrath.
+* Fix bug #10704, missing #add method.  Patch by Jamie Macey.
+* Fix bug #10371, handle socket EOF in cache_get.  Submitted by Ben
+  VandenBos.
+
+= 1.3.0
+
+* Apply patch #6507, add stats command.  Submitted by Tyler Kovacs.
+* Apply patch #6509, parallel implementation of #get_multi.  Submitted
+  by Tyler Kovacs.
+* Validate keys.  Disallow spaces in keys or keys that are too long.
+* Perform more validation of server responses.  MemCache now reports
+  errors if the socket was not in an expected state.  (Please file
+  bugs if you find some.)
+* Add #incr and #decr.
+* Add raw argument to #set and #get to retrieve #incr and #decr
+  values.
+* Also put on MemCacheError when using Cache::get with block.
+* memcache.rb no longer sets $TESTING to a true value if it was
+  previously defined.  Bug #8213 by Matijs van Zuijlen.
+
+= 1.2.1
+
+* Fix bug #7048, MemCache#servers= referenced changed local variable.
+  Submitted by Justin Dossey.
+* Fix bug #7049, MemCache#initialize resets @buckets.  Submitted by
+  Justin Dossey.
+* Fix bug #6232, Make Cache::Get work with a block only when nil is
+  returned.  Submitted by Jon Evans.
+* Moved to the seattlerb project.
+
+= 1.2.0
+
+NOTE: This version will store keys in different places than previous
+versions!  Be prepared for some thrashing while memcached sorts itself
+out!
+
+* Fixed multithreaded operations, bug 5994 and 5989.
+  Thanks to Blaine Cook, Erik Hetzner, Elliot Smith, Dave Myron (and
+  possibly others I have forgotten).
+* Made memcached interoperable with other memcached libraries, bug
+  4509.  Thanks to anonymous.
+* Added get_multi to match Perl/etc APIs
+
+= 1.1.0
+
+* Added some tests
+* Sped up non-multithreaded and multithreaded operation
+* More Ruby-memcache compatibility
+* More RDoc
+* Switched to Hoe
+
+= 1.0.0
+
+Birthday!
+

data/README.txt

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+= memcache-client
+
+Rubyforge Project:
+
+http://rubyforge.org/projects/seattlerb
+
+File bugs:
+
+http://rubyforge.org/tracker/?func=add&group_id=1513&atid=5921
+
+Documentation:
+
+http://seattlerb.org/memcache-client
+
+== About
+
+memcache-client is a client for Danga Interactive's memcached.
+
+== Installing memcache-client
+
+Just install the gem:
+
+  $ sudo gem install memcache-client
+
+== Using memcache-client
+
+With one server:
+
+  CACHE = MemCache.new 'localhost:11211', :namespace => 'my_namespace'
+
+Or with multiple servers:
+
+  CACHE = MemCache.new %w[one.example.com:11211 two.example.com:11211],
+                       :namespace => 'my_namespace'
+
+See MemCache.new for details.
+
+=== Using memcache-client with Rails
+
+Rails will automatically load the memcache-client gem, but you may
+need to uninstall Ruby-memcache, I don't know which one will get
+picked by default.
+
+Add your environment-specific caches to config/environment/*.  If you run both
+development and production on the same memcached server sets, be sure
+to use different namespaces.  Be careful when running tests using
+memcache, you may get strange results.  It will be less of a headache
+to simply use a readonly memcache when testing.
+
+memcache-client also comes with a wrapper called Cache in memcache_util.rb for
+use with Rails.  To use it be sure to assign your memcache connection to
+CACHE.  Cache returns nil on all memcache errors so you don't have to rescue
+the errors yourself.  It has #get, #put and #delete module functions.
+

data/Rakefile

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+# vim: syntax=Ruby
+require 'rubygems'
+require 'rake/rdoctask'
+require 'spec/rake/spectask'
+
+task :gem do
+	sh "gem build memcache-client.gemspec"
+end
+
+task :install => [:gem] do
+	sh "sudo gem install memcache-client-*.gem"
+end
+
+Spec::Rake::SpecTask.new do |t|
+	t.ruby_opts = ['-rtest/unit']
+	t.spec_files = FileList['test/test_*.rb']
+	t.fail_on_error = true
+end
+  
+Rake::RDocTask.new do |rd|
+	rd.main = "README.rdoc"
+	rd.rdoc_files.include("README.rdoc", "lib/**/*.rb")
+	rd.rdoc_dir = 'doc'
+end

data/lib/memcache.rb

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+$TESTING = defined?($TESTING) && $TESTING
+
+require 'socket'
+require 'thread'
+require 'timeout'
+require 'rubygems'
+
+class String
+
+  ##
+  # Uses the ITU-T polynomial in the CRC32 algorithm.
+
+  def crc32_ITU_T
+    n = length
+    r = 0xFFFFFFFF
+
+    n.times do |i|
+      r ^= self[i]
+      8.times do
+        if (r & 1) != 0 then
+          r = (r>>1) ^ 0xEDB88320
+        else
+          r >>= 1
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    r ^ 0xFFFFFFFF
+  end
+
+end
+
+##
+# A Ruby client library for memcached.
+#
+# This is intended to provide access to basic memcached functionality.  It
+# does not attempt to be complete implementation of the entire API, but it is
+# approaching a complete implementation.
+
+class MemCache
+
+  ##
+  # The version of MemCache you are using.
+
+  VERSION = '1.5.0.1'
+
+  ##
+  # Default options for the cache object.
+
+  DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {
+    :namespace   => nil,
+    :readonly    => false,
+    :multithread => false,
+  }
+
+  ##
+  # Default memcached port.
+
+  DEFAULT_PORT = 11211
+
+  ##
+  # Default memcached server weight.
+
+  DEFAULT_WEIGHT = 1
+
+  ##
+  # The amount of time to wait for a response from a memcached server.  If a
+  # response is not completed within this time, the connection to the server
+  # will be closed and an error will be raised.
+
+  attr_accessor :request_timeout
+
+  ##
+  # The namespace for this instance
+
+  attr_reader :namespace
+
+  ##
+  # The multithread setting for this instance
+
+  attr_reader :multithread
+
+  ##
+  # The servers this client talks to.  Play at your own peril.
+
+  attr_reader :servers
+
+  ##
+  # Accepts a list of +servers+ and a list of +opts+.  +servers+ may be
+  # omitted.  See +servers=+ for acceptable server list arguments.
+  #
+  # Valid options for +opts+ are:
+  #
+  #   [:namespace]   Prepends this value to all keys added or retrieved.
+  #   [:readonly]    Raises an exeception on cache writes when true.
+  #   [:multithread] Wraps cache access in a Mutex for thread safety.
+  #
+  # Other options are ignored.
+
+  def initialize(*args)
+    servers = []
+    opts = {}
+
+    case args.length
+    when 0 then # NOP
+    when 1 then
+      arg = args.shift
+      case arg
+      when Hash   then opts = arg
+      when Array  then servers = arg
+      when String then servers = [arg]
+      else raise ArgumentError, 'first argument must be Array, Hash or String'
+      end
+    when 2 then
+      servers, opts = args
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "wrong number of arguments (#{args.length} for 2)"
+    end
+
+    opts = DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge opts
+    @namespace   = opts[:namespace]
+    @readonly    = opts[:readonly]
+    @multithread = opts[:multithread]
+    @mutex       = Mutex.new if @multithread
+    @buckets     = []
+    self.servers = servers
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Returns a string representation of the cache object.
+
+  def inspect
+    "<MemCache: %d servers, %d buckets, ns: %p, ro: %p>" %
+      [@servers.length, @buckets.length, @namespace, @readonly]
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Returns whether there is at least one active server for the object.
+
+  def active?
+    not @servers.empty?
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Returns whether or not the cache object was created read only.
+
+  def readonly?
+    @readonly
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Set the servers that the requests will be distributed between.  Entries
+  # can be either strings of the form "hostname:port" or
+  # "hostname:port:weight" or MemCache::Server objects.
+
+  def servers=(servers)
+    # Create the server objects.
+    @servers = servers.collect do |server|
+      case server
+      when String
+        host, port, weight = server.split ':', 3
+        port ||= DEFAULT_PORT
+        weight ||= DEFAULT_WEIGHT
+        Server.new self, host, port, weight
+      when Server
+        if server.memcache.multithread != @multithread then
+          raise ArgumentError, "can't mix threaded and non-threaded servers"
+        end
+        server
+      else
+        raise TypeError, "cannot convert #{server.class} into MemCache::Server"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Create an array of server buckets for weight selection of servers.
+    @buckets = []
+    @servers.each do |server|
+      server.weight.times { @buckets.push(server) }
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Decrements the value for +key+ by +amount+ and returns the new value.
+  # +key+ must already exist.  If +key+ is not an integer, it is assumed to be
+  # 0.  +key+ can not be decremented below 0.
+
+  def decr(key, amount = 1)
+    raise MemCacheError, "Update of readonly cache" if @readonly
+    with_server(key) do |server, cache_key|
+      cache_decr server, cache_key, amount
+    end
+  rescue TypeError => err
+    handle_error server, err
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Retrieves +key+ from memcache.  If +raw+ is false, the value will be
+  # unmarshalled.
+
+  def get(key, raw = false)
+    with_server(key) do |server, cache_key|
+      value = cache_get server, cache_key
+      return nil if value.nil?
+      value = Marshal.load value unless raw
+      return value
+    end
+  rescue TypeError => err
+    handle_error server, err
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Retrieves multiple values from memcached in parallel, if possible.
+  #
+  # The memcached protocol supports the ability to retrieve multiple
+  # keys in a single request.  Pass in an array of keys to this method
+  # and it will:
+  #
+  # 1. map the key to the appropriate memcached server
+  # 2. send a single request to each server that has one or more key values
+  #
+  # Returns a hash of values.
+  #
+  #   cache["a"] = 1
+  #   cache["b"] = 2
+  #   cache.get_multi "a", "b" # => { "a" => 1, "b" => 2 }
+
+  def get_multi(*keys)
+    raise MemCacheError, 'No active servers' unless active?
+
+    keys.flatten!
+    key_count = keys.length
+    cache_keys = {}
+    server_keys = Hash.new { |h,k| h[k] = [] }
+
+    # map keys to servers
+    keys.each do |key|
+      server, cache_key = request_setup key
+      cache_keys[cache_key] = key
+      server_keys[server] << cache_key
+    end
+
+    results = {}
+
+    server_keys.each do |server, keys|
+      keys = keys.join ' '
+      values = cache_get_multi server, keys
+      values.each do |key, value|
+        results[cache_keys[key]] = Marshal.load value
+      end
+    end
+
+    return results
+  rescue TypeError => err
+    handle_error server, err
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Increments the value for +key+ by +amount+ and returns the new value.
+  # +key+ must already exist.  If +key+ is not an integer, it is assumed to be
+  # 0.
+
+  def incr(key, amount = 1)
+    raise MemCacheError, "Update of readonly cache" if @readonly
+    with_server(key) do |server, cache_key|
+      cache_incr server, cache_key, amount
+    end
+  rescue TypeError => err
+    handle_error server, err
+  end
+  
+  ##
+  # Add +key+ to the cache with value +value+ that expires in +expiry+
+  # seconds.  If +raw+ is true, +value+ will not be Marshalled.
+  #
+  # Warning: Readers should not call this method in the event of a cache miss;
+  # see MemCache#add.
+
+  def set(key, value, expiry = 0, raw = false)
+    raise MemCacheError, "Update of readonly cache" if @readonly
+    with_server(key) do |server, cache_key|
+
+      value = Marshal.dump value unless raw
+      command = "set #{cache_key} 0 #{expiry} #{value.to_s.size}\r\n#{value}\r\n"
+
+      with_socket_management(server) do |socket|
+        socket.write command
+        result = socket.gets
+  			if result.nil?
+          server.close
+          raise MemCacheError, "lost connection to #{server.host}:#{server.port}"
+        end
+
+  			if result =~ /^SERVER_ERROR (.*)/
+          server.close
+          raise MemCacheError, $1.strip
+  			end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Add +key+ to the cache with value +value+ that expires in +expiry+
+  # seconds, but only if +key+ does not already exist in the cache.
+  # If +raw+ is true, +value+ will not be Marshalled.
+  #
+  # Readers should call this method in the event of a cache miss, not
+  # MemCache#set or MemCache#[]=.
+
+  def add(key, value, expiry = 0, raw = false)
+    raise MemCacheError, "Update of readonly cache" if @readonly
+    with_server(key) do |server, cache_key|
+      value = Marshal.dump value unless raw
+      command = "add #{cache_key} 0 #{expiry} #{value.size}\r\n#{value}\r\n"
+
+      with_socket_management(server) do |socket|
+        socket.write command
+        socket.gets
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  
+  ##
+  # Removes +key+ from the cache in +expiry+ seconds.
+
+  def delete(key, expiry = 0)
+    raise MemCacheError, "Update of readonly cache" if @readonly
+    server, cache_key = request_setup key
+
+    with_socket_management(server) do |socket|
+      socket.write "delete #{cache_key} #{expiry}\r\n"
+      socket.gets
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Flush the cache from all memcache servers.
+
+  def flush_all
+    raise MemCacheError, 'No active servers' unless active?
+    raise MemCacheError, "Update of readonly cache" if @readonly
+    begin
+      @mutex.lock if @multithread
+      @servers.each do |server|
+        with_socket_management(server) do |socket|
+          socket.write "flush_all\r\n"
+          result = socket.gets
+          raise MemCacheError, $2.strip if result =~ /^(SERVER_)?ERROR(.*)/
+        end
+      end
+    ensure
+      @mutex.unlock if @multithread
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Reset the connection to all memcache servers.  This should be called if
+  # there is a problem with a cache lookup that might have left the connection
+  # in a corrupted state.
+
+  def reset
+    @servers.each { |server| server.close }
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Returns statistics for each memcached server.  An explanation of the
+  # statistics can be found in the memcached docs:
+  #
+  # http://code.sixapart.com/svn/memcached/trunk/server/doc/protocol.txt
+  #
+  # Example:
+  #
+  #   >> pp CACHE.stats
+  #   {"localhost:11211"=>
+  #     {"bytes"=>4718,
+  #      "pid"=>20188,
+  #      "connection_structures"=>4,
+  #      "time"=>1162278121,
+  #      "pointer_size"=>32,
+  #      "limit_maxbytes"=>67108864,
+  #      "cmd_get"=>14532,
+  #      "version"=>"1.2.0",
+  #      "bytes_written"=>432583,
+  #      "cmd_set"=>32,
+  #      "get_misses"=>0,
+  #      "total_connections"=>19,
+  #      "curr_connections"=>3,
+  #      "curr_items"=>4,
+  #      "uptime"=>1557,
+  #      "get_hits"=>14532,
+  #      "total_items"=>32,
+  #      "rusage_system"=>0.313952,
+  #      "rusage_user"=>0.119981,
+  #      "bytes_read"=>190619}}
+  #   => nil
+
+  def stats
+    raise MemCacheError, "No active servers" unless active?
+    server_stats = {}
+
+    @servers.each do |server|
+      next unless server.alive?
+      with_socket_management(server) do |socket|
+        value = nil # TODO: why is this line here?
+        socket.write "stats\r\n"
+        stats = {}
+        while line = socket.gets do
+          break if line == "END\r\n"
+          if line =~ /^STAT ([\w]+) ([\w\.\:]+)/ then
+            name, value = $1, $2
+            stats[name] = case name
+                          when 'version'
+                            value
+                          when 'rusage_user', 'rusage_system' then
+                            seconds, microseconds = value.split(/:/, 2)
+                            microseconds ||= 0
+                            Float(seconds) + (Float(microseconds) / 1_000_000)
+                          else
+                            if value =~ /^\d+$/ then
+                              value.to_i
+                            else
+                              value
+                            end
+                          end
+          end
+        end
+        server_stats["#{server.host}:#{server.port}"] = stats
+      end
+    end
+
+    server_stats
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Shortcut to get a value from the cache.
+
+  alias [] get
+
+  ##
+  # Shortcut to save a value in the cache.  This method does not set an
+  # expiration on the entry.  Use set to specify an explicit expiry.
+
+  def []=(key, value)
+    set key, value
+  end
+
+  protected unless $TESTING
+
+  ##
+  # Create a key for the cache, incorporating the namespace qualifier if
+  # requested.
+
+  def make_cache_key(key)
+    if namespace.nil? then
+      key
+    else
+      "#{@namespace}:#{key}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Pick a server to handle the request based on a hash of the key.
+
+  def get_server_for_key(key)
+    raise ArgumentError, "illegal character in key #{key.inspect}" if
+      key =~ /\s/
+    raise ArgumentError, "key too long #{key.inspect}" if key.length > 250
+    raise MemCacheError, "No servers available" if @servers.empty?
+    return @servers.first if @servers.length == 1
+
+    hkey = hash_for key
+
+    20.times do |try|
+      server = @buckets[hkey % @buckets.nitems]
+      return server if server.alive?
+      hkey += hash_for "#{try}#{key}"
+    end
+
+    raise MemCacheError, "No servers available"
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Returns an interoperable hash value for +key+.  (I think, docs are
+  # sketchy for down servers).
+
+  def hash_for(key)
+    (key.crc32_ITU_T >> 16) & 0x7fff
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Performs a raw decr for +cache_key+ from +server+.  Returns nil if not
+  # found.
+
+  def cache_decr(server, cache_key, amount)
+    with_socket_management(server) do |socket|
+      socket.write "decr #{cache_key} #{amount}\r\n"
+      text = socket.gets
+      return nil if text == "NOT_FOUND\r\n"
+      return text.to_i
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Fetches the raw data for +cache_key+ from +server+.  Returns nil on cache
+  # miss.
+
+  def cache_get(server, cache_key)
+    with_socket_management(server) do |socket|
+      socket.write "get #{cache_key}\r\n"
+      keyline = socket.gets # "VALUE <key> <flags> <bytes>\r\n"
+
+      if keyline.nil? then
+        server.close
+        raise MemCacheError, "lost connection to #{server.host}:#{server.port}" # TODO: retry here too
+      end
+
+      return nil if keyline == "END\r\n"
+
+      unless keyline =~ /(\d+)\r/ then
+        server.close
+        raise MemCacheError, "unexpected response #{keyline.inspect}"
+      end
+      value = socket.read $1.to_i
+      socket.read 2 # "\r\n"
+      socket.gets   # "END\r\n"
+      return value
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Fetches +cache_keys+ from +server+ using a multi-get.
+
+  def cache_get_multi(server, cache_keys)
+    with_socket_management(server) do |socket|
+      values = {}
+      socket.write "get #{cache_keys}\r\n"
+
+      while keyline = socket.gets do
+        return values if keyline == "END\r\n"
+
+        unless keyline =~ /^VALUE (.+) (.+) (.+)/ then
+          server.close
+          raise MemCacheError, "unexpected response #{keyline.inspect}"
+        end
+
+        key, data_length = $1, $3
+        values[$1] = socket.read data_length.to_i
+        socket.read(2) # "\r\n"
+      end
+
+      server.close
+      raise MemCacheError, "lost connection to #{server.host}:#{server.port}" # TODO: retry here too
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Performs a raw incr for +cache_key+ from +server+.  Returns nil if not
+  # found.
+
+  def cache_incr(server, cache_key, amount)
+    with_socket_management(server) do |socket|
+      socket.write "incr #{cache_key} #{amount}\r\n"
+      text = socket.gets
+      return nil if text == "NOT_FOUND\r\n"
+      return text.to_i
+    end
+  end
+  
+  ##
+  # Gets or creates a socket connected to the given server, and yields it
+  # to the block.  If a socket error (SocketError, SystemCallError, IOError) 
+  # or protocol error (MemCacheError) is raised by the block, closes the
+  # socket, attempts to connect again, and retries the block (once).  If
+  # an error is again raised, reraises it as MemCacheError.
+  # If unable to connect to the server (or if in the reconnect wait period),
+  # raises MemCacheError - note that the socket connect code marks a server
+  # dead for a timeout period, so retrying does not apply to connection attempt
+  # failures (but does still apply to unexpectedly lost connections etc.).  
+  # Wraps the whole lot in mutex synchronization if @multithread is true.
+
+  def with_socket_management(server, &block)
+    @mutex.lock if @multithread
+    retried = false
+    begin
+      socket = server.socket
+      # Raise an IndexError to show this server is out of whack.
+      # We'll catch it in higher-level code and attempt to restart the operation.
+      raise IndexError, "No connection to server (#{server.status})" if socket.nil?
+      block.call(socket)
+    rescue MemCacheError, SocketError, SystemCallError, IOError => err
+      handle_error(server, err) if retried || socket.nil?
+      retried = true
+      retry
+    end
+  ensure
+    @mutex.unlock if @multithread
+  end
+
+  def with_server(key)
+    retried = false
+    begin
+      server, cache_key = request_setup(key)
+      yield server, cache_key
+    rescue IndexError => e
+      if !retried && @servers.size > 1
+        puts "Connection to server #{server.inspect} DIED!  Retrying operation..."
+        retried = true
+        retry
+      end
+      handle_error(nil, e)
+    end
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Handles +error+ from +server+.
+
+  def handle_error(server, error)
+    raise error if error.is_a?(MemCacheError)
+    server.close if server
+    new_error = MemCacheError.new error.message
+    new_error.set_backtrace error.backtrace
+    raise new_error
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Performs setup for making a request with +key+ from memcached.  Returns
+  # the server to fetch the key from and the complete key to use.
+
+  def request_setup(key)
+    raise MemCacheError, 'No active servers' unless active?
+    cache_key = make_cache_key key
+    server = get_server_for_key cache_key
+    return server, cache_key
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # This class represents a memcached server instance.
+
+  class Server
+
+    ##
+    # The amount of time to wait to establish a connection with a memcached
+    # server.  If a connection cannot be established within this time limit,
+    # the server will be marked as down.
+
+    CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 0.25
+
+    ##
+    # The amount of time to wait before attempting to re-establish a
+    # connection with a server that is marked dead.
+
+    RETRY_DELAY = 30.0
+
+    ##
+    # The host the memcached server is running on.
+
+    attr_reader :host
+
+    ##
+    # The port the memcached server is listening on.
+
+    attr_reader :port
+
+    ##
+    # The weight given to the server.
+
+    attr_reader :weight
+
+    ##
+    # The time of next retry if the connection is dead.
+
+    attr_reader :retry
+
+    ##
+    # A text status string describing the state of the server.
+
+    attr_reader :status
+
+    ##
+    # Create a new MemCache::Server object for the memcached instance
+    # listening on the given host and port, weighted by the given weight.
+
+    def initialize(memcache, host, port = DEFAULT_PORT, weight = DEFAULT_WEIGHT)
+      raise ArgumentError, "No host specified" if host.nil? or host.empty?
+      raise ArgumentError, "No port specified" if port.nil? or port.to_i.zero?
+
+      @memcache = memcache
+      @host   = host
+      @port   = port.to_i
+      @weight = weight.to_i
+
+      @multithread = @memcache.multithread
+      @mutex = Mutex.new
+
+      @sock   = nil
+      @retry  = nil
+      @status = 'NOT CONNECTED'
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Return a string representation of the server object.
+
+    def inspect
+      "<MemCache::Server: %s:%d [%d] (%s)>" % [@host, @port, @weight, @status]
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Check whether the server connection is alive.  This will cause the
+    # socket to attempt to connect if it isn't already connected and or if
+    # the server was previously marked as down and the retry time has
+    # been exceeded.
+
+    def alive?
+      !!socket
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Try to connect to the memcached server targeted by this object.
+    # Returns the connected socket object on success or nil on failure.
+
+    def socket
+      @mutex.lock if @multithread
+      return @sock if @sock and not @sock.closed?
+
+      @sock = nil
+
+      # If the host was dead, don't retry for a while.
+      return if @retry and @retry > Time.now
+
+      # Attempt to connect if not already connected.
+      begin
+        @sock = timeout CONNECT_TIMEOUT do
+          TCPSocket.new @host, @port
+        end
+        if Socket.constants.include? 'TCP_NODELAY' then
+          @sock.setsockopt Socket::IPPROTO_TCP, Socket::TCP_NODELAY, 1
+        end
+        @retry  = nil
+        @status = 'CONNECTED'
+      rescue SocketError, SystemCallError, IOError, Timeout::Error => err
+        mark_dead err.message
+      end
+
+      return @sock
+    ensure
+      @mutex.unlock if @multithread
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Close the connection to the memcached server targeted by this
+    # object.  The server is not considered dead.
+
+    def close
+      @mutex.lock if @multithread
+      @sock.close if @sock && !@sock.closed?
+      @sock   = nil
+      @retry  = nil
+      @status = "NOT CONNECTED"
+    ensure
+      @mutex.unlock if @multithread
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    ##
+    # Mark the server as dead and close its socket.
+
+    def mark_dead(reason = "Unknown error")
+      @sock.close if @sock && !@sock.closed?
+      @sock   = nil
+      @retry  = Time.now + RETRY_DELAY
+
+      @status = sprintf "DEAD: %s, will retry at %s", reason, @retry
+    end
+
+  end
+
+  ##
+  # Base MemCache exception class.
+
+  class MemCacheError < RuntimeError; end
+
+end
+