fileutils2 0.2.0

data/.index

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+---
+revision: 2013
+type: ruby
+sources:
+- var
+authors:
+- name: Trans
+  email: transfire@gmail.com
+- name: Minero Aoki
+organizations: []
+requirements:
+- groups:
+  - test
+  development: true
+  name: minitest
+- groups:
+  - build
+  development: true
+  name: ergo
+conflicts: []
+alternatives: []
+resources:
+- type: home
+  uri: http://rubyworks.github.com/fileutils2
+  label: Homepage
+- type: code
+  uri: http://github.com/rubyworks/fileutils2
+  label: Source Code
+- type: docs
+  uri: http://rubydoc.info/gems/fileutils2
+  label: Documentation
+- type: bugs
+  uri: http://github.com/rubyworks/fileutils2/issues
+  label: Issue Tracker
+repositories:
+- name: upstream
+  scm: git
+  uri: git://github.com/rubyworks/fileutils2.git
+categories: []
+copyrights:
+- holder: Rubyworks
+  year: '2011'
+  license: BSD-2-Clause
+- holder: Minero Aoki
+  year: '2000'
+  license: Ruby
+customs: []
+paths:
+  lib:
+  - lib
+created: '2011-07-04'
+summary: FileUtils refactored
+title: FileUtils2
+version: 0.2.0
+name: fileutils2
+description: FileUtils2 is an improved design of Ruby's built-in FileUtils library.
+date: '2013-03-19'

data/HISTORY.md

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+# RELEASE HISTORY
+
+## 0.2.0 / 2013-03-19
+
+This is the initial release of FileUtils2.
+
+Changes:
+
+* Override #include to handle Module Inclusion Problem.
+* Fixes issue of missing StreamUtils methods.
+
+
+## 0.1.0 / 2011-07-04
+
+This is the release that was accepted into Ruby MRI distribution
+upto Ruby 2.0-rc1.
+
+Changes:
+
+* All of them.
+

data/LICENSE.txt

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+(BSD-2-Clause License)
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are
+permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+      conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list
+      of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
+      provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Rubyworks ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Rubyworks OR
+CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those of the
+authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed
+or implied, of Rubyworks.
+

data/README.md

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+# FileUtils2
+
+*A Refactorization of Ruby's Standard FileUtils Library*
+
+[Homepage](http://rubyworks.github.com/fileutils2) /
+[Documentation](http://rubydoc.info/gems/fileutils2) /
+[Report Issue](http://github.com/rubyworks/fileutils2/issues) /
+[Source Code](http://github.com/rubyworks/fileutils2)
+
+[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/rubyworks/fileutils2.png)](http://travis-ci.org/rubyworks/fileutils2)
+[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/fileutils2.png)](http://badge.fury.io/rb/fileutils2)    
+[![Flattr Me](http://api.flattr.com/button/flattr-badge-large.png)](http://flattr.com/thing/324911/Rubyworks-Ruby-Development-Fund)
+
+
+## About
+
+FileUtils as provided in Ruby suffers from the following design issues:
+
+1. By using `module_function` FileUtils creates two copies of every method.
+   Overriding an instance method will not override the corresponding class
+   method, and vice-versa.
+
+2. The design makes it inordinately more difficult to properly extend 
+   FileUtils than it needs to be, because one has to manually ensure any
+   new method added to FileUtils are also added to the submodules.
+
+3. The meta-programming aspect of the design requires the direct modification
+   of a constant, `OPT_TABLE`.
+
+4. Ruby's Module Inclusion Problem prevents extension modules from being included
+   into FileUtils without additional steps being taken to include the module
+   in every submodule as well.
+
+Lets take a simple example. Lets say we want to add a recursive linking
+method. 
+
+```ruby
+    module FileUtils
+      def ln_r(dir, dest, options={})
+        ...
+      end
+      module_function :ln_r
+  end
+```
+
+That would seem like the right code, would it not? Unfortunately you would be
+way off the mark. Instead one would need to do the following:
+
+```ruby
+    module FileUtils
+      OPT_TABLE['ln_r'] = [:force, :noop, :verbose]
+
+      def ln_r(dir, dest, options={})
+        fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['ln_r']
+        ...
+      end
+      module_function :ln_r
+
+      module Verbose
+        include FileUtils
+        module_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+          def ln_r(*args)
+            super(*fu_update_option(args, :verbose => true))
+          end
+          private :ln_r
+        EOS
+        extend self
+      end
+
+      module NoWrite
+        include FileUtils
+        module_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+          def ln_r(*args)
+            super(*fu_update_option(args, :noop => true))
+          end
+          private :ln_r
+        EOS
+        extend self
+      end
+
+      module DryRun
+        include FileUtils
+        module_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+          def ln_r(*args)
+            super(*fu_update_option(args, :noop => true, :verbose => true))
+          end
+          private :ln_r
+        EOS
+        extend self
+      end
+    end
+```
+
+FileUtils2 fixes all this by doing three thing:
+
+1. Use `self extend` instead of `module_function`.
+2. Overriding `#include` to ensure inclusion at all levels.
+3. Define a single *smart* DSL method called, #define_command`.
+
+With these changes the above code becomes simply:
+
+```ruby
+    module FileUtils2
+      def ln_r(dir, dest, options={})
+        fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['ln_r']
+        ...
+      end
+
+      define_command('ln_r', :force, :noop, :verbose)
+    end
+```
+
+Notice we still check the `OPT_TABLE` to ensure only the supported options
+are provided. So there is still room for some improvement in the design.
+This "second phase" will come later, after the initial phase has been put 
+through its paces. (At least, that was the plan. See "Why a Gem" below.)
+
+Also note that this refactorization does not change the underlying functionality
+or the FileUtils methods in any way. They remain the same as in Ruby's standard
+library.
+
+
+## Overriding FileUtils
+
+You can use FileUtils2 in place of FileUtils simple by setting FileUtils
+equal to FileUtils2.
+
+```ruby
+    require 'fileutils2'
+    FileUtils = FileUtils2
+```
+
+It will issue a warning if FileUtils is already loaded, but it should work fine
+in either case. In fact, it may be wise to first `require 'fileutils'` in anycase
+to make sure it's not loaded later by some other script, which could cause some
+unspecified results due to method clobbering. Of course there should plenty
+of warnings in the output in that case, so you could just keep an eye out for
+it instead.
+
+For the sake of simply being overly thurough, included in the gem is a script
+that takes care of most of this for you called, `override.rb`.
+
+```ruby
+    require 'fileutils2/override'
+```
+
+It requires fileutils2.rb for you and sets `FileUtils = FileUtils2` while
+supressing the usual warning. It doesn't preload the old fileutils.rb library
+first though. That's your call.
+
+
+## JRuby and Rubinius Users
+
+FileUtils2, as well as the original FileUtils library for that matter, produce
+a few test failures (out of a 1000+) when run again JRuby or Rubinius. At this
+point it is unclear exactly what the issues are. If you are involved in either
+of these projects and can spare a little time to try and fix these issues, that
+would be really great of you! Have a look at the
+[Rubinius build](https://travis-ci.org/rubyworks/fileutils2/jobs/5634466)
+and the [JRuby build](https://travis-ci.org/rubyworks/fileutils2/jobs/5634467)
+for these test results.
+
+
+## Why a Gem?
+
+You might be wondering why this is a Gem and not part of Ruby's standard library.
+Unfortunately, due to to what I believe to be nothing more than "clique politics"
+among some of the  Ruby Core members, this code has been rejected.
+
+Actually it was accepted, but after the discovery a bug (easily fixed) it was
+reverted. Despite the code passing all tests, and the fact that this bug made it
+clear that the tests themselves were missing something (that's a good thing to 
+discover!), the code was reverted to the old design. Sadly, I am certain there
+was no other reason for it than the simple fact that the three main core members
+from Seattle.rb begrudge me, and go out their way to undermine everything I do.
+This behavior is fairly well documented in the archives of the ruby-talk mailing
+list. I don't like to think that their personal opinions of me would influence
+the design of the Ruby programming language, which should be of the utmost
+professional character, but it is clearly not the case, as is evidenced by
+the fact that they were not willing to discuss the design, let alone actually fix
+it, but instead summarily declared themselves the new maintainers of the code,
+reverted the code to the old design and pronounced the issue closed. Period.
+
+* https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/4970
+* https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/7958
+
+
+## Legal
+
+Copyright (c) 2011 Rubyworks
+
+Copyright (c) 2000 Minero Aoki
+
+This program is distributed under the terms of the
+[BSD-2-Clause](http://www.spdx.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause) license.
+
+See LICENSE.txt file for details.
+

data/lib/fileutils2.rb

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+#
+# = fileutils.rb
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2000-2007 Minero Aoki
+#
+# This program is free software.
+# You can distribute/modify this program under the same terms of ruby.
+#
+# == module FileUtils
+#
+# Namespace for several file utility methods for copying, moving, removing, etc.
+#
+# === Module Functions
+#
+#   cd(dir, options)
+#   cd(dir, options) {|dir| .... }
+#   pwd()
+#   mkdir(dir, options)
+#   mkdir(list, options)
+#   mkdir_p(dir, options)
+#   mkdir_p(list, options)
+#   rmdir(dir, options)
+#   rmdir(list, options)
+#   ln(old, new, options)
+#   ln(list, destdir, options)
+#   ln_s(old, new, options)
+#   ln_s(list, destdir, options)
+#   ln_sf(src, dest, options)
+#   cp(src, dest, options)
+#   cp(list, dir, options)
+#   cp_r(src, dest, options)
+#   cp_r(list, dir, options)
+#   mv(src, dest, options)
+#   mv(list, dir, options)
+#   rm(list, options)
+#   rm_r(list, options)
+#   rm_rf(list, options)
+#   install(src, dest, mode = <src's>, options)
+#   chmod(mode, list, options)
+#   chmod_R(mode, list, options)
+#   chown(user, group, list, options)
+#   chown_R(user, group, list, options)
+#   touch(list, options)
+#
+# The <tt>options</tt> parameter is a hash of options, taken from the list
+# <tt>:force</tt>, <tt>:noop</tt>, <tt>:preserve</tt>, and <tt>:verbose</tt>.
+# <tt>:noop</tt> means that no changes are made.  The other two are obvious.
+# Each method documents the options that it honours.
+#
+# All methods that have the concept of a "source" file or directory can take
+# either one file or a list of files in that argument.  See the method
+# documentation for examples.
+#
+# There are some `low level' methods, which do not accept any option:
+#
+#   copy_entry(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference = false)
+#   copy_file(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference = true)
+#   copy_stream(srcstream, deststream)
+#   remove_entry(path, force = false)
+#   remove_entry_secure(path, force = false)
+#   remove_file(path, force = false)
+#   compare_file(path_a, path_b)
+#   compare_stream(stream_a, stream_b)
+#   uptodate?(file, cmp_list)
+#
+# == module FileUtils::Verbose
+#
+# This module has all methods of FileUtils module, but it outputs messages
+# before acting.  This equates to passing the <tt>:verbose</tt> flag to methods
+# in FileUtils.
+#
+# == module FileUtils::NoWrite
+#
+# This module has all methods of FileUtils module, but never changes
+# files/directories.  This equates to passing the <tt>:noop</tt> flag to methods
+# in FileUtils.
+#
+# == module FileUtils::DryRun
+#
+# This module has all methods of FileUtils module, but never changes
+# files/directories.  This equates to passing the <tt>:noop</tt> and
+# <tt>:verbose</tt> flags to methods in FileUtils.
+#
+module FileUtils2
+  @fileutils_output  = $stderr
+  @fileutils_label   = ''
+  extend self
+
+  #
+  # To overcome Ruby's "Module Inclusion Problem", whenever a module
+  # is included into FileUtils, then the sub-modules re-include
+  # FileUtils to ensure inclusion of the new module as well.
+  #
+  def self.include(mod)
+    super mod
+    extend self
+    [Verbose, NoWrite, DryRun].each do |base|
+      base.send(:include, self) #FileUtils)
+      base.extend(base)  # extend self
+    end
+  end
+
+  #
+  # This module has all methods of FileUtils module, but it outputs messages
+  # before acting.  This equates to passing the <tt>:verbose</tt> flag to
+  # methods in FileUtils.
+  #
+  module Verbose
+    include FileUtils2
+    @fileutils_output  = $stderr
+    @fileutils_label   = ''
+    extend self
+  end
+
+  #
+  # This module has all methods of FileUtils module, but never changes
+  # files/directories.  This equates to passing the <tt>:noop</tt> flag
+  # to methods in FileUtils.
+  #
+  module NoWrite
+    include FileUtils2
+    @fileutils_output  = $stderr
+    @fileutils_label   = ''
+    extend self
+  end
+
+  #
+  # This module has all methods of FileUtils module, but never changes
+  # files/directories, with printing message before acting.
+  # This equates to passing the <tt>:noop</tt> and <tt>:verbose</tt> flag
+  # to methods in FileUtils.
+  #
+  module DryRun
+    include FileUtils2
+    @fileutils_output  = $stderr
+    @fileutils_label   = ''
+    extend self
+  end
+
+  # This hash table holds command options.
+  OPT_TABLE = {}   #:nodoc: internal use only
+
+  #
+  def self.define_command(name, *options)
+    OPT_TABLE[name.to_s] = options
+
+    if options.include?(:verbose)
+      Verbose.module_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        def #{name}(*args)
+          super(*fu_update_option(args, :verbose => true))
+        end
+      EOS
+    end
+    if options.include?(:noop)
+      NoWrite.module_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        def #{name}(*args)
+          super(*fu_update_option(args, :noop => true))
+        end
+      EOS
+      DryRun.module_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        def #{name}(*args)
+          super(*fu_update_option(args, :noop => true, :verbose => true))
+        end
+      EOS
+    else
+      NoWrite.module_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        def #{name}(*); end
+      EOS
+      DryRun.module_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        def #{name}(*); end
+      EOS
+    end
+
+    [self, Verbose, DryRun, NoWrite].each do |mod|
+      mod.module_eval(<<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+        private :#{name}
+        class << self; public :#{name}; end
+      EOS
+    end
+  end
+
+  class << self
+    private :define_command
+  end
+
+public
+
+  #
+  # Options: (none)
+  #
+  # Returns the name of the current directory.
+  #
+  def pwd
+    Dir.pwd
+  end
+
+  alias getwd pwd
+
+  define_command('pwd')
+  define_command('getwd')
+
+  #
+  # Options: verbose
+  #
+  # Changes the current directory to the directory +dir+.
+  #
+  # If this method is called with block, resumes to the old
+  # working directory after the block execution finished.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.cd('/', :verbose => true)   # chdir and report it
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.cd('/') do  # chdir
+  #     [...]               # do something
+  #   end                   # return to original directory
+  #
+  def cd(dir, options = {}, &block) # :yield: dir
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['cd']
+    fu_output_message "cd #{dir}" if options[:verbose]
+    Dir.chdir(dir, &block)
+    fu_output_message 'cd -' if options[:verbose] and block
+  end
+
+  alias chdir cd
+
+  define_command('cd', :verbose)
+  define_command('chdir', :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: (none)
+  #
+  # Returns true if +newer+ is newer than all +old_list+.
+  # Non-existent files are older than any file.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.uptodate?('hello.o', %w(hello.c hello.h)) or \
+  #       system 'make hello.o'
+  #
+  def uptodate?(new, old_list)
+    return false unless File.exist?(new)
+    new_time = File.mtime(new)
+    old_list.each do |old|
+      if File.exist?(old)
+        return false unless new_time > File.mtime(old)
+      end
+    end
+    true
+  end
+
+  define_command('uptodate?')
+
+  #
+  # Options: mode noop verbose
+  #
+  # Creates one or more directories.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.mkdir 'test'
+  #   FileUtils.mkdir %w( tmp data )
+  #   FileUtils.mkdir 'notexist', :noop => true  # Does not really create.
+  #   FileUtils.mkdir 'tmp', :mode => 0700
+  #
+  def mkdir(list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['mkdir']
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    fu_output_message "mkdir #{options[:mode] ? ('-m %03o ' % options[:mode]) : ''}#{list.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+
+    list.each do |dir|
+      fu_mkdir dir, options[:mode]
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('mkdir', :mode, :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: mode noop verbose
+  #
+  # Creates a directory and all its parent directories.
+  # For example,
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.mkdir_p '/usr/local/lib/ruby'
+  #
+  # causes to make following directories, if it does not exist.
+  #     * /usr
+  #     * /usr/local
+  #     * /usr/local/lib
+  #     * /usr/local/lib/ruby
+  #
+  # You can pass several directories at a time in a list.
+  #
+  def mkdir_p(list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['mkdir_p']
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    fu_output_message "mkdir -p #{options[:mode] ? ('-m %03o ' % options[:mode]) : ''}#{list.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return *list if options[:noop]
+
+    list.map {|path| path.chomp(?/) }.each do |path|
+      # optimize for the most common case
+      begin
+        fu_mkdir path, options[:mode]
+        next
+      rescue SystemCallError
+        next if File.directory?(path)
+      end
+
+      stack = []
+      until path == stack.last   # dirname("/")=="/", dirname("C:/")=="C:/"
+        stack.push path
+        path = File.dirname(path)
+      end
+      stack.reverse_each do |dir|
+        begin
+          fu_mkdir dir, options[:mode]
+        rescue SystemCallError
+          raise unless File.directory?(dir)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    return *list
+  end
+
+  alias mkpath    mkdir_p
+  alias makedirs  mkdir_p
+
+  define_command('mkdir_p', :mode, :noop, :verbose)
+  define_command('mkpath', :mode, :noop, :verbose)
+  define_command('makedirs', :mode, :noop, :verbose)
+
+private
+
+  def fu_mkdir(path, mode)   #:nodoc:
+    path = path.chomp(?/)
+    if mode
+      Dir.mkdir path, mode
+      File.chmod mode, path
+    else
+      Dir.mkdir path
+    end
+  end
+
+public
+
+  #
+  # Options: noop, verbose
+  #
+  # Removes one or more directories.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.rmdir 'somedir'
+  #   FileUtils.rmdir %w(somedir anydir otherdir)
+  #   # Does not really remove directory; outputs message.
+  #   FileUtils.rmdir 'somedir', :verbose => true, :noop => true
+  #
+  def rmdir(list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['rmdir']
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    parents = options[:parents]
+    fu_output_message "rmdir #{parents ? '-p ' : ''}#{list.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    list.each do |dir|
+      begin
+        Dir.rmdir(dir = dir.chomp(?/))
+        if parents
+          until (parent = File.dirname(dir)) == '.' or parent == dir
+            Dir.rmdir(dir)
+          end
+        end
+      rescue Errno::ENOTEMPTY, Errno::ENOENT
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('rmdir', :parents, :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: force noop verbose
+  #
+  # <b><tt>ln(old, new, options = {})</tt></b>
+  #
+  # Creates a hard link +new+ which points to +old+.
+  # If +new+ already exists and it is a directory, creates a link +new/old+.
+  # If +new+ already exists and it is not a directory, raises Errno::EEXIST.
+  # But if :force option is set, overwrite +new+.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.ln 'gcc', 'cc', :verbose => true
+  #   FileUtils.ln '/usr/bin/emacs21', '/usr/bin/emacs'
+  #
+  # <b><tt>ln(list, destdir, options = {})</tt></b>
+  #
+  # Creates several hard links in a directory, with each one pointing to the
+  # item in +list+.  If +destdir+ is not a directory, raises Errno::ENOTDIR.
+  #
+  #   include FileUtils
+  #   cd '/sbin'
+  #   FileUtils.ln %w(cp mv mkdir), '/bin'   # Now /sbin/cp and /bin/cp are linked.
+  #
+  def ln(src, dest, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['ln']
+    fu_output_message "ln#{options[:force] ? ' -f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest) do |s,d|
+      remove_file d, true if options[:force]
+      File.link s, d
+    end
+  end
+
+  alias link ln
+
+  define_command('ln', :force, :noop, :verbose)
+  define_command('link', :force, :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: force noop verbose
+  #
+  # <b><tt>ln_s(old, new, options = {})</tt></b>
+  #
+  # Creates a symbolic link +new+ which points to +old+.  If +new+ already
+  # exists and it is a directory, creates a symbolic link +new/old+.  If +new+
+  # already exists and it is not a directory, raises Errno::EEXIST.  But if
+  # :force option is set, overwrite +new+.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.ln_s '/usr/bin/ruby', '/usr/local/bin/ruby'
+  #   FileUtils.ln_s 'verylongsourcefilename.c', 'c', :force => true
+  #
+  # <b><tt>ln_s(list, destdir, options = {})</tt></b>
+  #
+  # Creates several symbolic links in a directory, with each one pointing to the
+  # item in +list+.  If +destdir+ is not a directory, raises Errno::ENOTDIR.
+  #
+  # If +destdir+ is not a directory, raises Errno::ENOTDIR.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.ln_s Dir.glob('bin/*.rb'), '/home/aamine/bin'
+  #
+  def ln_s(src, dest, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['ln_s']
+    fu_output_message "ln -s#{options[:force] ? 'f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest) do |s,d|
+      remove_file d, true if options[:force]
+      File.symlink s, d
+    end
+  end
+
+  alias symlink ln_s
+
+  define_command('ln_s', :force, :noop, :verbose)
+  define_command('symlink', :force, :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: noop verbose
+  #
+  # Same as
+  #   #ln_s(src, dest, :force => true)
+  #
+  def ln_sf(src, dest, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['ln_sf']
+    options = options.dup
+    options[:force] = true
+    ln_s src, dest, options
+  end
+
+  define_command('ln_sf', :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: preserve noop verbose
+  #
+  # Copies a file content +src+ to +dest+.  If +dest+ is a directory,
+  # copies +src+ to +dest/src+.
+  #
+  # If +src+ is a list of files, then +dest+ must be a directory.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.cp 'eval.c', 'eval.c.org'
+  #   FileUtils.cp %w(cgi.rb complex.rb date.rb), '/usr/lib/ruby/1.6'
+  #   FileUtils.cp %w(cgi.rb complex.rb date.rb), '/usr/lib/ruby/1.6', :verbose => true
+  #   FileUtils.cp 'symlink', 'dest'   # copy content, "dest" is not a symlink
+  #
+  def cp(src, dest, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['cp']
+    fu_output_message "cp#{options[:preserve] ? ' -p' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
+      copy_file s, d, options[:preserve]
+    end
+  end
+
+  alias copy cp
+
+  define_command('cp', :preserve, :noop, :verbose)
+  define_command('copy', :preserve, :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: preserve noop verbose dereference_root remove_destination
+  #
+  # Copies +src+ to +dest+. If +src+ is a directory, this method copies
+  # all its contents recursively. If +dest+ is a directory, copies
+  # +src+ to +dest/src+.
+  #
+  # +src+ can be a list of files.
+  #
+  #   # Installing ruby library "mylib" under the site_ruby
+  #   FileUtils.rm_r site_ruby + '/mylib', :force
+  #   FileUtils.cp_r 'lib/', site_ruby + '/mylib'
+  #
+  #   # Examples of copying several files to target directory.
+  #   FileUtils.cp_r %w(mail.rb field.rb debug/), site_ruby + '/tmail'
+  #   FileUtils.cp_r Dir.glob('*.rb'), '/home/aamine/lib/ruby', :noop => true, :verbose => true
+  #
+  #   # If you want to copy all contents of a directory instead of the
+  #   # directory itself, c.f. src/x -> dest/x, src/y -> dest/y,
+  #   # use following code.
+  #   FileUtils.cp_r 'src/.', 'dest'     # cp_r('src', 'dest') makes dest/src,
+  #                                      # but this doesn't.
+  #
+  def cp_r(src, dest, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['cp_r']
+    fu_output_message "cp -r#{options[:preserve] ? 'p' : ''}#{options[:remove_destination] ? ' --remove-destination' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    options = options.dup
+    options[:dereference_root] = true unless options.key?(:dereference_root)
+    fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
+      copy_entry s, d, options[:preserve], options[:dereference_root], options[:remove_destination]
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('cp_r', :preserve, :noop, :verbose, :dereference_root, :remove_destination)
+
+  #
+  # Copies a file system entry +src+ to +dest+.
+  # If +src+ is a directory, this method copies its contents recursively.
+  # This method preserves file types, c.f. symlink, directory...
+  # (FIFO, device files and etc. are not supported yet)
+  #
+  # Both of +src+ and +dest+ must be a path name.
+  # +src+ must exist, +dest+ must not exist.
+  #
+  # If +preserve+ is true, this method preserves owner, group, permissions
+  # and modified time.
+  #
+  # If +dereference_root+ is true, this method dereference tree root.
+  #
+  # If +remove_destination+ is true, this method removes each destination file before copy.
+  #
+  def copy_entry(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference_root = false, remove_destination = false)
+    Entry_.new(src, nil, dereference_root).wrap_traverse(proc do |ent|
+      destent = Entry_.new(dest, ent.rel, false)
+      File.unlink destent.path if remove_destination && File.file?(destent.path)
+      ent.copy destent.path
+    end, proc do |ent|
+      destent = Entry_.new(dest, ent.rel, false)
+      ent.copy_metadata destent.path if preserve
+    end)
+  end
+
+  define_command(:copy_entry)
+
+  #
+  # Copies file contents of +src+ to +dest+.
+  # Both of +src+ and +dest+ must be a path name.
+  #
+  def copy_file(src, dest, preserve = false, dereference = true)
+    ent = Entry_.new(src, nil, dereference)
+    ent.copy_file dest
+    ent.copy_metadata dest if preserve
+  end
+
+  define_command(:copy_file)
+
+  #
+  # Copies stream +src+ to +dest+.
+  # +src+ must respond to #read(n) and
+  # +dest+ must respond to #write(str).
+  #
+  def copy_stream(src, dest)
+    IO.copy_stream(src, dest)
+  end
+
+  define_command(:copy_stream)
+
+  #
+  # Options: force noop verbose
+  #
+  # Moves file(s) +src+ to +dest+.  If +file+ and +dest+ exist on the different
+  # disk partition, the file is copied then the original file is removed.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.mv 'badname.rb', 'goodname.rb'
+  #   FileUtils.mv 'stuff.rb', '/notexist/lib/ruby', :force => true  # no error
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.mv %w(junk.txt dust.txt), '/home/aamine/.trash/'
+  #   FileUtils.mv Dir.glob('test*.rb'), 'test', :noop => true, :verbose => true
+  #
+  def mv(src, dest, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['mv']
+    fu_output_message "mv#{options[:force] ? ' -f' : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d|
+      destent = Entry_.new(d, nil, true)
+      begin
+        if destent.exist?
+          if destent.directory?
+            raise Errno::EEXIST, dest
+          else
+            destent.remove_file if rename_cannot_overwrite_file?
+          end
+        end
+        begin
+          File.rename s, d
+        rescue Errno::EXDEV
+          copy_entry s, d, true
+          if options[:secure]
+            remove_entry_secure s, options[:force]
+          else
+            remove_entry s, options[:force]
+          end
+        end
+      rescue SystemCallError
+        raise unless options[:force]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  alias move mv
+
+  define_command('mv', :force, :noop, :verbose, :secure)
+  define_command('move', :force, :noop, :verbose, :secure)
+
+private
+
+  def rename_cannot_overwrite_file?   #:nodoc:
+    /cygwin|mswin|mingw|bccwin|emx/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
+  end
+
+public
+
+  #
+  # Options: force noop verbose
+  #
+  # Remove file(s) specified in +list+.  This method cannot remove directories.
+  # All StandardErrors are ignored when the :force option is set.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.rm %w( junk.txt dust.txt )
+  #   FileUtils.rm Dir.glob('*.so')
+  #   FileUtils.rm 'NotExistFile', :force => true   # never raises exception
+  #
+  def rm(list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['rm']
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    fu_output_message "rm#{options[:force] ? ' -f' : ''} #{list.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+
+    list.each do |path|
+      remove_file path, options[:force]
+    end
+  end
+
+  alias remove rm
+
+  define_command('rm', :force, :noop, :verbose)
+  define_command('remove', :force, :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: noop verbose
+  #
+  # Equivalent to
+  #
+  #   #rm(list, :force => true)
+  #
+  def rm_f(list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['rm_f']
+    options = options.dup
+    options[:force] = true
+    rm list, options
+  end
+
+  alias safe_unlink rm_f
+
+  define_command('rm_f', :noop, :verbose)
+  define_command('safe_unlink', :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: force noop verbose secure
+  #
+  # remove files +list+[0] +list+[1]... If +list+[n] is a directory,
+  # removes its all contents recursively. This method ignores
+  # StandardError when :force option is set.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.rm_r Dir.glob('/tmp/*')
+  #   FileUtils.rm_r '/', :force => true          #  :-)
+  #
+  # WARNING: This method causes local vulnerability
+  # if one of parent directories or removing directory tree are world
+  # writable (including /tmp, whose permission is 1777), and the current
+  # process has strong privilege such as Unix super user (root), and the
+  # system has symbolic link.  For secure removing, read the documentation
+  # of #remove_entry_secure carefully, and set :secure option to true.
+  # Default is :secure=>false.
+  #
+  # NOTE: This method calls #remove_entry_secure if :secure option is set.
+  # See also #remove_entry_secure.
+  #
+  def rm_r(list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['rm_r']
+    # options[:secure] = true unless options.key?(:secure)
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    fu_output_message "rm -r#{options[:force] ? 'f' : ''} #{list.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    list.each do |path|
+      if options[:secure]
+        remove_entry_secure path, options[:force]
+      else
+        remove_entry path, options[:force]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('rm_r', :force, :noop, :verbose, :secure)
+
+  #
+  # Options: noop verbose secure
+  #
+  # Equivalent to
+  #
+  #   #rm_r(list, :force => true)
+  #
+  # WARNING: This method causes local vulnerability.
+  # Read the documentation of #rm_r first.
+  #
+  def rm_rf(list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['rm_rf']
+    options = options.dup
+    options[:force] = true
+    rm_r list, options
+  end
+
+  alias rmtree rm_rf
+
+  define_command('rm_rf', :noop, :verbose, :secure)
+  define_command('rmtree', :noop, :verbose, :secure)
+
+  #
+  # This method removes a file system entry +path+.  +path+ shall be a
+  # regular file, a directory, or something.  If +path+ is a directory,
+  # remove it recursively.  This method is required to avoid TOCTTOU
+  # (time-of-check-to-time-of-use) local security vulnerability of #rm_r.
+  # #rm_r causes security hole when:
+  #
+  #   * Parent directory is world writable (including /tmp).
+  #   * Removing directory tree includes world writable directory.
+  #   * The system has symbolic link.
+  #
+  # To avoid this security hole, this method applies special preprocess.
+  # If +path+ is a directory, this method chown(2) and chmod(2) all
+  # removing directories.  This requires the current process is the
+  # owner of the removing whole directory tree, or is the super user (root).
+  #
+  # WARNING: You must ensure that *ALL* parent directories cannot be
+  # moved by other untrusted users.  For example, parent directories
+  # should not be owned by untrusted users, and should not be world
+  # writable except when the sticky bit set.
+  #
+  # WARNING: Only the owner of the removing directory tree, or Unix super
+  # user (root) should invoke this method.  Otherwise this method does not
+  # work.
+  #
+  # For details of this security vulnerability, see Perl's case:
+  #
+  #   http://www.cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2005-0448
+  #   http://www.cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CAN-2004-0452
+  #
+  # For fileutils.rb, this vulnerability is reported in [ruby-dev:26100].
+  #
+  def remove_entry_secure(path, force = false)
+    unless fu_have_symlink?
+      remove_entry path, force
+      return
+    end
+    fullpath = File.expand_path(path)
+    st = File.lstat(fullpath)
+    unless st.directory?
+      File.unlink fullpath
+      return
+    end
+    # is a directory.
+    parent_st = File.stat(File.dirname(fullpath))
+    unless parent_st.world_writable?
+      remove_entry path, force
+      return
+    end
+    unless parent_st.sticky?
+      raise ArgumentError, "parent directory is world writable, FileUtils#remove_entry_secure does not work; abort: #{path.inspect} (parent directory mode #{'%o' % parent_st.mode})"
+    end
+    # freeze tree root
+    euid = Process.euid
+    File.open(fullpath + '/.') {|f|
+      unless fu_stat_identical_entry?(st, f.stat)
+        # symlink (TOC-to-TOU attack?)
+        File.unlink fullpath
+        return
+      end
+      f.chown euid, -1
+      f.chmod 0700
+      unless fu_stat_identical_entry?(st, File.lstat(fullpath))
+        # TOC-to-TOU attack?
+        File.unlink fullpath
+        return
+      end
+    }
+    # ---- tree root is frozen ----
+    root = Entry_.new(path)
+    root.preorder_traverse do |ent|
+      if ent.directory?
+        ent.chown euid, -1
+        ent.chmod 0700
+      end
+    end
+    root.postorder_traverse do |ent|
+      begin
+        ent.remove
+      rescue
+        raise unless force
+      end
+    end
+  rescue
+    raise unless force
+  end
+
+  define_command(:remove_entry_secure)
+
+private
+
+  def fu_have_symlink?   #:nodoc:
+    File.symlink nil, nil
+  rescue NotImplementedError
+    return false
+  rescue TypeError
+    return true
+  end
+
+  def fu_stat_identical_entry?(a, b)   #:nodoc:
+    a.dev == b.dev and a.ino == b.ino
+  end
+
+public
+
+  #
+  # This method removes a file system entry +path+.
+  # +path+ might be a regular file, a directory, or something.
+  # If +path+ is a directory, remove it recursively.
+  #
+  # See also #remove_entry_secure.
+  #
+  def remove_entry(path, force = false)
+    Entry_.new(path).postorder_traverse do |ent|
+      begin
+        ent.remove
+      rescue
+        raise unless force
+      end
+    end
+  rescue
+    raise unless force
+  end
+
+  define_command(:remove_entry)
+
+  #
+  # Removes a file +path+.
+  # This method ignores StandardError if +force+ is true.
+  #
+  def remove_file(path, force = false)
+    Entry_.new(path).remove_file
+  rescue
+    raise unless force
+  end
+
+  define_command(:remove_file)
+
+  #
+  # Removes a directory +dir+ and its contents recursively.
+  # This method ignores StandardError if +force+ is true.
+  #
+  def remove_dir(path, force = false)
+    remove_entry path, force   # FIXME?? check if it is a directory
+  end
+
+  define_command(:remove_dir)
+
+  #
+  # Returns true if the contents of a file A and a file B are identical.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.compare_file('somefile', 'somefile')  #=> true
+  #   FileUtils.compare_file('/bin/cp', '/bin/mv')    #=> maybe false
+  #
+  def compare_file(a, b)
+    return false unless File.size(a) == File.size(b)
+    File.open(a, 'rb') {|fa|
+      File.open(b, 'rb') {|fb|
+        return compare_stream(fa, fb)
+      }
+    }
+  end
+
+  alias identical? compare_file
+  alias cmp compare_file
+
+  define_command(:compare_file)
+  define_command(:identical?)
+  define_command(:cmp)
+
+  #
+  # Returns true if the contents of a stream +a+ and +b+ are identical.
+  #
+  def compare_stream(a, b)
+    bsize = fu_stream_blksize(a, b)
+    sa = ""
+    sb = ""
+    begin
+      a.read(bsize, sa)
+      b.read(bsize, sb)
+      return true if sa.empty? && sb.empty?
+    end while sa == sb
+    false
+  end
+
+  define_command(:compare_stream)
+
+  #
+  # Options: mode preserve noop verbose
+  #
+  # If +src+ is not same as +dest+, copies it and changes the permission
+  # mode to +mode+.  If +dest+ is a directory, destination is +dest+/+src+.
+  # This method removes destination before copy.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.install 'ruby', '/usr/local/bin/ruby', :mode => 0755, :verbose => true
+  #   FileUtils.install 'lib.rb', '/usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby', :verbose => true
+  #
+  def install(src, dest, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['install']
+    fu_output_message "install -c#{options[:preserve] && ' -p'}#{options[:mode] ? (' -m 0%o' % options[:mode]) : ''} #{[src,dest].flatten.join ' '}" if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    fu_each_src_dest(src, dest) do |s, d, st|
+      unless File.exist?(d) and compare_file(s, d)
+        remove_file d, true
+        copy_file s, d
+        File.utime st.atime, st.mtime, d if options[:preserve]
+        File.chmod options[:mode], d if options[:mode]
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('install', :mode, :preserve, :noop, :verbose)
+
+private
+
+  def user_mask(target)  #:nodoc:
+    mask = 0
+    target.each_byte do |byte_chr|
+      case byte_chr.chr
+        when "u"
+          mask |= 04700
+        when "g"
+          mask |= 02070
+        when "o"
+          mask |= 01007
+        when "a"
+          mask |= 07777
+      end
+    end
+    mask
+  end
+
+  def mode_mask(mode, path)  #:nodoc:
+    mask = 0
+    mode.each_byte do |byte_chr|
+      case byte_chr.chr
+        when "r"
+          mask |= 0444
+        when "w"
+          mask |= 0222
+        when "x"
+          mask |= 0111
+        when "X"
+          mask |= 0111 if FileTest::directory? path
+        when "s"
+          mask |= 06000
+        when "t"
+          mask |= 01000
+      end
+    end
+    mask
+  end
+
+  def symbolic_modes_to_i(modes, path)  #:nodoc:
+    current_mode = (File.stat(path).mode & 07777)
+    modes.split(/,/).inject(0) do |mode, mode_sym|
+      mode_sym = "a#{mode_sym}" if mode_sym =~ %r!^[+-=]!
+      target, mode = mode_sym.split %r![+-=]!
+      user_mask = user_mask(target)
+      mode_mask = mode_mask(mode ? mode : "", path)
+
+      case mode_sym
+        when /=/
+          current_mode &= ~(user_mask)
+          current_mode |= user_mask & mode_mask
+        when /\+/
+          current_mode |= user_mask & mode_mask
+        when /-/
+          current_mode &= ~(user_mask & mode_mask)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def fu_mode(mode, path)  #:nodoc:
+    mode.is_a?(String) ? symbolic_modes_to_i(mode, path) : mode
+  end
+
+  def mode_to_s(mode)  #:nodoc:
+    mode.is_a?(String) ? mode : "%o" % mode
+  end
+
+public
+
+  #
+  # Options: noop verbose
+  #
+  # Changes permission bits on the named files (in +list+) to the bit pattern
+  # represented by +mode+.
+  #
+  # +mode+ is the symbolic and absolute mode can be used.
+  #
+  # Absolute mode is
+  #   FileUtils.chmod 0755, 'somecommand'
+  #   FileUtils.chmod 0644, %w(my.rb your.rb his.rb her.rb)
+  #   FileUtils.chmod 0755, '/usr/bin/ruby', :verbose => true
+  #
+  # Symbolic mode is
+  #   FileUtils.chmod "u=wrx,go=rx", 'somecommand'
+  #   FileUtils.chmod "u=wr,go=rr", %w(my.rb your.rb his.rb her.rb)
+  #   FileUtils.chmod "u=wrx,go=rx", '/usr/bin/ruby', :verbose => true
+  #
+  # "a" :: is user, group, other mask.
+  # "u" :: is user's mask.
+  # "g" :: is group's mask.
+  # "o" :: is other's mask.
+  # "w" :: is write permission.
+  # "r" :: is read permission.
+  # "x" :: is execute permission.
+  # "X" ::
+  #   is execute permission for directories only, must be used in conjunction with "+"
+  # "s" :: is uid, gid.
+  # "t" :: is sticky bit.
+  # "+" :: is added to a class given the specified mode.
+  # "-" :: Is removed from a given class given mode.
+  # "=" :: Is the exact nature of the class will be given a specified mode.
+
+  def chmod(mode, list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['chmod']
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    fu_output_message sprintf('chmod %s %s', mode_to_s(mode), list.join(' ')) if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    list.each do |path|
+      Entry_.new(path).chmod(fu_mode(mode, path))
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('chmod', :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: noop verbose force
+  #
+  # Changes permission bits on the named files (in +list+)
+  # to the bit pattern represented by +mode+.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.chmod_R 0700, "/tmp/app.#{$$}"
+  #   FileUtils.chmod_R "u=wrx", "/tmp/app.#{$$}"
+  #
+  def chmod_R(mode, list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['chmod_R']
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    fu_output_message sprintf('chmod -R%s %s %s',
+                              (options[:force] ? 'f' : ''),
+                              mode_to_s(mode), list.join(' ')) if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    list.each do |root|
+      Entry_.new(root).traverse do |ent|
+        begin
+          ent.chmod(fu_mode(mode, ent.path))
+        rescue
+          raise unless options[:force]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('chmod_R', :noop, :verbose, :force)
+
+  #
+  # Options: noop verbose
+  #
+  # Changes owner and group on the named files (in +list+)
+  # to the user +user+ and the group +group+.  +user+ and +group+
+  # may be an ID (Integer/String) or a name (String).
+  # If +user+ or +group+ is nil, this method does not change
+  # the attribute.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.chown 'root', 'staff', '/usr/local/bin/ruby'
+  #   FileUtils.chown nil, 'bin', Dir.glob('/usr/bin/*'), :verbose => true
+  #
+  def chown(user, group, list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['chown']
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    fu_output_message sprintf('chown %s%s',
+                              [user,group].compact.join(':') + ' ',
+                              list.join(' ')) if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    uid = fu_get_uid(user)
+    gid = fu_get_gid(group)
+    list.each do |path|
+      Entry_.new(path).chown uid, gid
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('chown', :noop, :verbose)
+
+  #
+  # Options: noop verbose force
+  #
+  # Changes owner and group on the named files (in +list+)
+  # to the user +user+ and the group +group+ recursively.
+  # +user+ and +group+ may be an ID (Integer/String) or
+  # a name (String).  If +user+ or +group+ is nil, this
+  # method does not change the attribute.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.chown_R 'www', 'www', '/var/www/htdocs'
+  #   FileUtils.chown_R 'cvs', 'cvs', '/var/cvs', :verbose => true
+  #
+  def chown_R(user, group, list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['chown_R']
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    fu_output_message sprintf('chown -R%s %s%s',
+                              (options[:force] ? 'f' : ''),
+                              [user,group].compact.join(':') + ' ',
+                              list.join(' ')) if options[:verbose]
+    return if options[:noop]
+    uid = fu_get_uid(user)
+    gid = fu_get_gid(group)
+    return unless uid or gid
+    list.each do |root|
+      Entry_.new(root).traverse do |ent|
+        begin
+          ent.chown uid, gid
+        rescue
+          raise unless options[:force]
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('chown_R', :noop, :verbose, :force)
+
+private
+
+  begin
+    require 'etc'
+
+    def fu_get_uid(user)   #:nodoc:
+      return nil unless user
+      case user
+      when Integer
+        user
+      when /\A\d+\z/
+        user.to_i
+      else
+        Etc.getpwnam(user).uid
+      end
+    end
+
+    def fu_get_gid(group)   #:nodoc:
+      return nil unless group
+      case group
+      when Integer
+        group
+      when /\A\d+\z/
+        group.to_i
+      else
+        Etc.getgrnam(group).gid
+      end
+    end
+
+  rescue LoadError
+    # need Win32 support???
+
+    def fu_get_uid(user)   #:nodoc:
+      user    # FIXME
+    end
+
+    def fu_get_gid(group)   #:nodoc:
+      group   # FIXME
+    end
+  end
+
+public
+
+  #
+  # Options: noop verbose
+  #
+  # Updates modification time (mtime) and access time (atime) of file(s) in
+  # +list+.  Files are created if they don't exist.
+  #
+  #   FileUtils.touch 'timestamp'
+  #   FileUtils.touch Dir.glob('*.c');  system 'make'
+  #
+  def touch(list, options = {})
+    fu_check_options options, OPT_TABLE['touch']
+    list = fu_list(list)
+    created = nocreate = options[:nocreate]
+    t = options[:mtime]
+    if options[:verbose]
+      fu_output_message "touch #{nocreate ? '-c ' : ''}#{t ? t.strftime('-t %Y%m%d%H%M.%S ') : ''}#{list.join ' '}"
+    end
+    return if options[:noop]
+    list.each do |path|
+      created = nocreate
+      begin
+        File.utime(t, t, path)
+      rescue Errno::ENOENT
+        raise if created
+        File.open(path, 'a') {
+          ;
+        }
+        created = true
+        retry if t
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  define_command('touch', :noop, :verbose, :mtime, :nocreate)
+
+private
+
+  module StreamUtils_
+    private
+
+    def fu_windows?
+      /mswin|mingw|bccwin|emx/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
+    end
+
+    def fu_copy_stream0(src, dest, blksize = nil)   #:nodoc:
+      IO.copy_stream(src, dest)
+    end
+
+    def fu_stream_blksize(*streams)
+      streams.each do |s|
+        next unless s.respond_to?(:stat)
+        size = fu_blksize(s.stat)
+        return size if size
+      end
+      fu_default_blksize()
+    end
+
+    def fu_blksize(st)
+      s = st.blksize
+      return nil unless s
+      return nil if s == 0
+      s
+    end
+
+    def fu_default_blksize
+      1024
+    end
+  end
+
+  include StreamUtils_
+
+  class Entry_   #:nodoc: internal use only
+    include StreamUtils_
+
+    def initialize(a, b = nil, deref = false)
+      @prefix = @rel = @path = nil
+      if b
+        @prefix = a
+        @rel = b
+      else
+        @path = a
+      end
+      @deref = deref
+      @stat = nil
+      @lstat = nil
+    end
+
+    def inspect
+      "\#<#{self.class} #{path()}>"
+    end
+
+    def path
+      if @path
+        File.path(@path)
+      else
+        join(@prefix, @rel)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def prefix
+      @prefix || @path
+    end
+
+    def rel
+      @rel
+    end
+
+    def dereference?
+      @deref
+    end
+
+    def exist?
+      lstat! ? true : false
+    end
+
+    def file?
+      s = lstat!
+      s and s.file?
+    end
+
+    def directory?
+      s = lstat!
+      s and s.directory?
+    end
+
+    def symlink?
+      s = lstat!
+      s and s.symlink?
+    end
+
+    def chardev?
+      s = lstat!
+      s and s.chardev?
+    end
+
+    def blockdev?
+      s = lstat!
+      s and s.blockdev?
+    end
+
+    def socket?
+      s = lstat!
+      s and s.socket?
+    end
+
+    def pipe?
+      s = lstat!
+      s and s.pipe?
+    end
+
+    S_IF_DOOR = 0xD000
+
+    def door?
+      s = lstat!
+      s and (s.mode & 0xF000 == S_IF_DOOR)
+    end
+
+    def entries
+      opts = {}
+      opts[:encoding] = ::Encoding::UTF_8 if fu_windows?
+      Dir.entries(path(), opts)\
+          .reject {|n| n == '.' or n == '..' }\
+          .map {|n| Entry_.new(prefix(), join(rel(), n.untaint)) }
+    end
+
+    def stat
+      return @stat if @stat
+      if lstat() and lstat().symlink?
+        @stat = File.stat(path())
+      else
+        @stat = lstat()
+      end
+      @stat
+    end
+
+    def stat!
+      return @stat if @stat
+      if lstat! and lstat!.symlink?
+        @stat = File.stat(path())
+      else
+        @stat = lstat!
+      end
+      @stat
+    rescue SystemCallError
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def lstat
+      if dereference?
+        @lstat ||= File.stat(path())
+      else
+        @lstat ||= File.lstat(path())
+      end
+    end
+
+    def lstat!
+      lstat()
+    rescue SystemCallError
+      nil
+    end
+
+    def chmod(mode)
+      if symlink?
+        File.lchmod mode, path() if have_lchmod?
+      else
+        File.chmod mode, path()
+      end
+    end
+
+    def chown(uid, gid)
+      if symlink?
+        File.lchown uid, gid, path() if have_lchown?
+      else
+        File.chown uid, gid, path()
+      end
+    end
+
+    def copy(dest)
+      case
+      when file?
+        copy_file dest
+      when directory?
+        if !File.exist?(dest) and descendant_diretory?(dest, path)
+          raise ArgumentError, "cannot copy directory %s to itself %s" % [path, dest]
+        end
+        begin
+          Dir.mkdir dest
+        rescue
+          raise unless File.directory?(dest)
+        end
+      when symlink?
+        File.symlink File.readlink(path()), dest
+      when chardev?
+        raise "cannot handle device file" unless File.respond_to?(:mknod)
+        mknod dest, ?c, 0666, lstat().rdev
+      when blockdev?
+        raise "cannot handle device file" unless File.respond_to?(:mknod)
+        mknod dest, ?b, 0666, lstat().rdev
+      when socket?
+        raise "cannot handle socket" unless File.respond_to?(:mknod)
+        mknod dest, nil, lstat().mode, 0
+      when pipe?
+        raise "cannot handle FIFO" unless File.respond_to?(:mkfifo)
+        mkfifo dest, 0666
+      when door?
+        raise "cannot handle door: #{path()}"
+      else
+        raise "unknown file type: #{path()}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def copy_file(dest)
+      File.open(path()) do |s|
+        File.open(dest, 'wb', s.stat.mode) do |f|
+          IO.copy_stream(s, f)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def copy_metadata(path)
+      st = lstat()
+      if !st.symlink?
+        File.utime st.atime, st.mtime, path
+      end
+      begin
+        if st.symlink?
+          begin
+            File.lchown st.uid, st.gid, path
+          rescue NotImplementedError
+          end
+        else
+          File.chown st.uid, st.gid, path
+        end
+      rescue Errno::EPERM
+        # clear setuid/setgid
+        if st.symlink?
+          begin
+            File.lchmod st.mode & 01777, path
+          rescue NotImplementedError
+          end
+        else
+          File.chmod st.mode & 01777, path
+        end
+      else
+        if st.symlink?
+          begin
+            File.lchmod st.mode, path
+          rescue NotImplementedError
+          end
+        else
+          File.chmod st.mode, path
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def remove
+      if directory?
+        remove_dir1
+      else
+        remove_file
+      end
+    end
+
+    def remove_dir1
+      platform_support {
+        Dir.rmdir path().chomp(?/)
+      }
+    end
+
+    def remove_file
+      platform_support {
+        File.unlink path
+      }
+    end
+
+    def platform_support
+      return yield unless fu_windows?
+      first_time_p = true
+      begin
+        yield
+      rescue Errno::ENOENT
+        raise
+      rescue => err
+        if first_time_p
+          first_time_p = false
+          begin
+            File.chmod 0700, path()   # Windows does not have symlink
+            retry
+          rescue SystemCallError
+          end
+        end
+        raise err
+      end
+    end
+
+    def preorder_traverse
+      stack = [self]
+      while ent = stack.pop
+        yield ent
+        stack.concat ent.entries.reverse if ent.directory?
+      end
+    end
+
+    alias traverse preorder_traverse
+
+    def postorder_traverse
+      if directory?
+        entries().each do |ent|
+          ent.postorder_traverse do |e|
+            yield e
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      yield self
+    end
+
+    def wrap_traverse(pre, post)
+      pre.call self
+      if directory?
+        entries.each do |ent|
+          ent.wrap_traverse pre, post
+        end
+      end
+      post.call self
+    end
+
+  private
+
+    $fileutils_rb_have_lchmod = nil
+
+    def have_lchmod?
+      # This is not MT-safe, but it does not matter.
+      if $fileutils_rb_have_lchmod == nil
+        $fileutils_rb_have_lchmod = check_have_lchmod?
+      end
+      $fileutils_rb_have_lchmod
+    end
+
+    def check_have_lchmod?
+      return false unless File.respond_to?(:lchmod)
+      File.lchmod 0
+      return true
+    rescue NotImplementedError
+      return false
+    end
+
+    $fileutils_rb_have_lchown = nil
+
+    def have_lchown?
+      # This is not MT-safe, but it does not matter.
+      if $fileutils_rb_have_lchown == nil
+        $fileutils_rb_have_lchown = check_have_lchown?
+      end
+      $fileutils_rb_have_lchown
+    end
+
+    def check_have_lchown?
+      return false unless File.respond_to?(:lchown)
+      File.lchown nil, nil
+      return true
+    rescue NotImplementedError
+      return false
+    end
+
+    def join(dir, base)
+      return File.path(dir) if not base or base == '.'
+      return File.path(base) if not dir or dir == '.'
+      File.join(dir, base)
+    end
+
+    if File::ALT_SEPARATOR
+      DIRECTORY_TERM = "(?=[/#{Regexp.quote(File::ALT_SEPARATOR)}]|\\z)".freeze
+    else
+      DIRECTORY_TERM = "(?=/|\\z)".freeze
+    end
+    SYSCASE = File::FNM_SYSCASE.nonzero? ? "-i" : ""
+
+    def descendant_diretory?(descendant, ascendant)
+      /\A(?#{SYSCASE}:#{Regexp.quote(ascendant)})#{DIRECTORY_TERM}/ =~ File.dirname(descendant)
+    end
+  end   # class Entry_
+
+private
+
+  def fu_list(arg)   #:nodoc:
+    [arg].flatten.map {|path| File.path(path) }
+  end
+
+  def fu_each_src_dest(src, dest)   #:nodoc:
+    fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest) do |s, d|
+      raise ArgumentError, "same file: #{s} and #{d}" if fu_same?(s, d)
+      yield s, d, File.stat(s)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def fu_each_src_dest0(src, dest)   #:nodoc:
+    if tmp = Array.try_convert(src)
+      tmp.each do |s|
+        s = File.path(s)
+        yield s, File.join(dest, File.basename(s))
+      end
+    else
+      src = File.path(src)
+      if File.directory?(dest)
+        yield src, File.join(dest, File.basename(src))
+      else
+        yield src, File.path(dest)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def fu_same?(a, b)   #:nodoc:
+    File.identical?(a, b)
+  end
+
+  def fu_check_options(options, optdecl)   #:nodoc:
+    h = options.dup
+    optdecl.each do |opt|
+      h.delete opt
+    end
+    raise ArgumentError, "no such option: #{h.keys.join(' ')}" unless h.empty?
+  end
+
+  def fu_update_option(args, new)   #:nodoc:
+    if tmp = Hash.try_convert(args.last)
+      args[-1] = tmp.dup.update(new)
+    else
+      args.push new
+    end
+    args
+  end
+
+  def fu_output_message(msg)   #:nodoc:
+    @fileutils_output ||= $stderr
+    @fileutils_label  ||= ''
+    @fileutils_output.puts @fileutils_label + msg
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns an Array of method names which have any options.
+  #
+  #   p FileUtils.commands  #=> ["chmod", "cp", "cp_r", "install", ...]
+  #
+  def self.commands
+    OPT_TABLE.keys
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns an Array of option names.
+  #
+  #   p FileUtils.options  #=> ["noop", "force", "verbose", "preserve", "mode"]
+  #
+  def self.options
+    OPT_TABLE.values.flatten.uniq.map {|sym| sym.to_s }
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns true if the method +mid+ have an option +opt+.
+  #
+  #   p FileUtils.have_option?(:cp, :noop)     #=> true
+  #   p FileUtils.have_option?(:rm, :force)    #=> true
+  #   p FileUtils.have_option?(:rm, :perserve) #=> false
+  #
+  def self.have_option?(mid, opt)
+    li = OPT_TABLE[mid.to_s] or raise ArgumentError, "no such method: #{mid}"
+    li.include?(opt)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns an Array of option names of the method +mid+.
+  #
+  #   p FileUtils.options(:rm)  #=> ["noop", "verbose", "force"]
+  #
+  def self.options_of(mid)
+    OPT_TABLE[mid.to_s].map {|sym| sym.to_s }
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Returns an Array of method names which have the option +opt+.
+  #
+  #   p FileUtils.collect_method(:preserve) #=> ["cp", "cp_r", "copy", "install"]
+  #
+  def self.collect_method(opt)
+    OPT_TABLE.keys.select {|m| OPT_TABLE[m].include?(opt) }
+  end
+
+  # LOW_METHODS
+  #
+  #   :pwd, :getwd, :cd, :chdir,
+  #   :uptodate?, :copy_entry, :copy_file, :copy_stream, :remove_entry_secure,
+  #   :remove_entry, :remove_file, :remove_dir, :compare_file, :identical?,
+  #   :cmp, :compare_stream
+  #
+  # DEPRECATED - Only here for backward compatibility.
+  LOW_METHODS = (commands - collect_method(:noop)).map(&:to_sym)
+
+
+  # METHODS
+  #
+  #   :pwd, :getwd, :cd, :chdir, :uptodate?, :mkdir, :mkdir_p, :mkpath, :makedirs,
+  #   :rmdir, :ln, :link, :ln_s, :symlink, :ln_sf, :cp, :copy, :cp_r, :copy_entry,
+  #   :copy_file, :copy_stream, :mv, :move, :rm, :remove, :rm_f, :safe_unlink,
+  #   :rm_r, :rm_rf, :rmtree, :remove_entry_secure, :remove_entry, :remove_file,
+  #   :remove_dir, :compare_file, :identical?, :cmp, :compare_stream, :install,
+  #   :chmod, :chmod_R, :chown, :chown_R, :touch
+  #
+  # DEPRECATED - Only here for backward compatibility.
+  METHODS = commands.map(&:to_sym)
+
+end