evapotranspiration 0.1.0

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data/.gitignore

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+/.bundle/
+/.yardoc
+/.idea
+/Gemfile.lock
+/_yardoc/
+/coverage/
+/doc/
+/pkg/
+/spec/reports/
+/tmp/

data/.rspec

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+--format documentation
+--color

data/.travis.yml

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+sudo: false
+language: ruby
+rvm:
+  - 2.3.1
+before_install: gem install bundler -v 1.12.4

data/Gemfile

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+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in evapotranspiration.gemspec
+gemspec

data/LICENSE-ORIGINAL.txt

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+Copyright (c) 2015, Mark Richards
+
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

data/LICENSE.txt

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+Copyright (c) 2016, Bryce Johnston
+
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
+software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

data/README.md

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+# Evapotranspiration
+
+[![Gem Version](http://img.shields.io/gem/v/evapotranspiration.svg)][gem]
+[![Build Status](http://img.shields.io/travis/AgRuby/evapotranspiration.svg)][travis]
+
+[gem]: https://rubygems.org/gems/evapotranspiration
+[travis]: http://travis-ci.org/AgRuby/evapotranspiration
+
+Ruby library for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), also referred to as potential evapotranspiration (PET), using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. This is a Ruby port of [Mark Richard's PyETo Python package](https://github.com/woodcrafty/PyETo). The library provides numerous functions for estimating missing meteorological data.
+
+Three methods for estimating ETo/PET are implemented:
+
+- FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (Allen et al, 1998)
+- Hargreaves (Hargreaves and Samani, 1982; 1985)
+- Thornthwaite (Thornthwaite, 1948)
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+```ruby
+gem 'evapotranspiration'
+```
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+    $ gem install evapotranspiration
+
+## Usage
+
+Coming soon...
+
+## Development
+
+After checking out the repo, run `bin/setup` to install dependencies. Then, run `rake spec` to run the tests. You can also run `bin/console` for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment. To install this gem onto your local machine, run `bundle exec rake install`.
+
+## Contributing
+
+Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/AgRuby/evapotranspiration.
+
+## Acknowledgments
+
+[PyETo](https://github.com/woodcrafty/PyETo) was created by [Mark Richard](https://github.com/woodcrafty) - ported into Ruby and maintained by [Bryce Johnston](https://github.com/brycejohnston)
+
+## License
+
+The gem is available as open source under the terms of the BSD 3-Clause License (see [LICENSE.txt](https://github.com/AgRuby/evapotranspiration/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)).
+
+The original PyETo Python package it is based on was released under the BSD 3-Clause License (see [LICENSE-ORIGINAL.txt](https://github.com/AgRuby/evapotranspiration/blob/master/LICENSE-ORIGINAL.txt)).

data/Rakefile

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+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+require "rspec/core/rake_task"
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec)
+
+task :default => :spec

data/bin/console

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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+require "evapotranspiration"
+
+# You can add fixtures and/or initialization code here to make experimenting
+# with your gem easier. You can also use a different console, if you like.
+
+# (If you use this, don't forget to add pry to your Gemfile!)
+# require "pry"
+# Pry.start
+
+require "irb"
+IRB.start

data/bin/setup

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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+set -vx
+
+bundle install
+
+# Do any other automated setup that you need to do here

data/evapotranspiration.gemspec

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+# coding: utf-8
+lib = File.expand_path('../lib', __FILE__)
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
+require 'evapotranspiration/version'
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name          = "evapotranspiration"
+  spec.version       = Evapotranspiration::VERSION
+  spec.authors       = ["Bryce Johnston"]
+  spec.email         = ["johnstonbrc@gmail.com"]
+  spec.summary       = %q{Ruby library for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo)}
+  spec.description   = %q{Ruby library for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo), also referred to as potential evapotranspiration (PET), using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method. This is a Ruby port of Mark Richard's PyETo Python package.}
+  spec.homepage      = "https://github.com/AgRuby/evapotranspiration"
+  spec.license       = "BSD 3-Clause"
+  spec.files         = `git ls-files -z`.split("\x0").reject { |f| f.match(%r{^(test|spec|features)/}) }
+  spec.bindir        = "exe"
+  spec.executables   = spec.files.grep(%r{^exe/}) { |f| File.basename(f) }
+  spec.require_paths = ["lib"]
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency "bundler", "~> 1.12"
+  spec.add_development_dependency "rake", "~> 10.0"
+  spec.add_development_dependency "rspec", "~> 3.0"
+end

data/lib/evapotranspiration.rb

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+require 'evapotranspiration/version'
+require 'evapotranspiration/conversion'
+require 'evapotranspiration/fao'
+require 'evapotranspiration/thornthwaite'
+require 'evapotranspiration/validation'

data/lib/evapotranspiration/conversion.rb

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+module Evapotranspiration
+  module Conversion
+
+    # Convert temperature in degrees Celsius to degrees Kelvin
+    #
+    # @param celsius [Float] Degrees Celsius
+    # @return [Float] Degrees Kelvin
+    def self.celsius_to_kelvin(celsius)
+      celsius + 273.15
+    end
+
+    # Convert temperature in degrees Kelvin to degrees Celsius
+    #
+    # @param kelvin [Float] Degrees Kelvin
+    # @return [Float] Degrees Celsius
+    def self.kelvin_to_celsius(kelvin)
+      kelvin - 273.15
+    end
+
+    # Convert angular degrees to radians
+    #
+    # @param degrees [Float] Value in degrees to be converted
+    # @return [Float] Value in radians
+    def self.deg_to_rad(degrees)
+      degrees * (Math::PI / 180.0)
+    end
+
+    # Convert radians to angular degrees
+    #
+    # @param radians [Float] Value in radians to be converted
+    # @return [Float] Value in angular degrees
+    def self.rad_to_deg(radians)
+      radians * (180.0 / Math::PI)
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/evapotranspiration/fao.rb

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+require 'evapotranspiration/validation'
+
+module Evapotranspiration
+
+  # Methods for estimating reference evapotransporation (ETo) for
+  # a grass reference crop using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith and Hargreaves
+  # equations. The library includes numerous functions for estimating missing
+  # meteorological data.
+  module FAO
+    include Enumerable
+
+    # Solar constant [ MJ m-2 min-1]
+    SOLAR_CONSTANT = 0.0820
+
+    # Stefan Boltzmann constant [MJ K-4 m-2 day-1]
+    STEFAN_BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT = 0.000000004903
+
+    # Estimate atmospheric pressure from altitude.
+    #
+    # Calculated using a simplification of the ideal gas law, assuming 20 degrees
+    # Celsius for a standard atmosphere. Based on equation 7, page 62 in Allen
+    # et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param altitude [Float] Elevation/altitude above sea level (m)
+    # @return [Float] atmospheric pressure (kPa)
+    def self.atm_pressure(altitude)
+      tmp = (293.0 - (0.0065 * altitude)) / 293.0
+      return (tmp ** 5.26) * 101.3
+    end
+
+    # Estimate actual vapour pressure (*ea*) from minimum temperature.
+    #
+    # This method is to be used where humidity data are lacking or are of
+    # questionable quality. The method assumes that the dewpoint temperature
+    # is approximately equal to the minimum temperature (*tmin*), i.e. the
+    # air is saturated with water vapour at *tmin*.
+    #
+    # **Note**: This assumption may not hold in arid/semi-arid areas.
+    # In these areas it may be better to subtract 2 deg C from the
+    # minimum temperature (see Annex 6 in FAO paper).
+    #
+    # Based on equation 48 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param tmin [Float] Daily minimum temperature (deg C)
+    # @return [Float] Actual vapour pressure (kPa)
+    def self.avp_from_tmin(tmin)
+      return 0.611 * Math.exp((17.27 * tmin) / (tmin + 237.3))
+    end
+
+    # Estimate actual vapour pressure (*ea*) from saturation vapour pressure and
+    # relative humidity.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 17 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param svp_tmin [Float] Saturation vapour pressure at daily minimum
+    #   temperature (kPa). Can be estimated using svp_from_t()
+    # @param svp_tmax [Float] Saturation vapour pressure at daily maximum
+    #   temperature (kPa). Can be estimated using svp_from_t()
+    # @param rh_min [Float] Minimum relative humidity (%)
+    # @param rh_max [Float] Maximum relative humidity (%)
+    # @return [Float] Actual vapour pressure (kPa)
+    def self.avp_from_rhmin_rhmax(svp_tmin, svp_tmax, rh_min, rh_max)
+      tmp1 = svp_tmin * (rh_max / 100.0)
+      tmp2 = svp_tmax * (rh_min / 100.0)
+      return (tmp1 + tmp2) / 2.0
+    end
+
+    # Estimate actual vapour pressure (*ea*) from saturation vapour pressure at
+    # daily minimum and maximum temperature, and mean relative humidity.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 19 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param svp_tmin [Float] Saturation vapour pressure at daily minimum
+    #   temperature (kPa). Can be estimated using svp_from_t()
+    # @param rh_max [Float] Maximum relative humidity (%)
+    # @return [Float] Actual vapour pressure (kPa)
+    def self.avp_from_rhmax(svp_tmin, rh_max)
+      return svp_tmin * (rh_max / 100.0)
+    end
+
+    # Estimate actual vapour pressure (*e*a) from saturation vapour pressure at
+    # daily minimum temperature and maximum relative humidity.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 18 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param svp_tmin [Float] Saturation vapour pressure at daily minimum
+    #   temperature (kPa). Can be estimated using svp_from_t()
+    # @param svp_tmax [Float] Saturation vapour pressure at daily maximum
+    #   temperature (kPa). Can be estimated using svp_from_t()
+    # @return [Float] Actual vapour pressure (kPa)
+    def self.avp_from_rhmean(svp_tmin, svp_tmax, rh_mean)
+      return (rh_mean / 100.0) * ((svp_tmax + svp_tmin) / 2.0)
+    end
+
+    # Estimate actual vapour pressure (*ea*) from dewpoint temperature.
+    #
+    # Based on equation 14 in Allen et al (1998). As the dewpoint temperature is
+    # the temperature to which air needs to be cooled to make it saturated, the
+    # actual vapour pressure is the saturation vapour pressure at the dewpoint
+    # temperature.
+    #
+    # This method is preferable to calculating vapour pressure from
+    # minimum temperature.
+    #
+    # @param tdew [Float] Dewpoint temperature (deg C)
+    # @return [Float] Actual vapour pressure (kPa)
+    def self.avp_from_tdew(tdew)
+      return 0.6108 * Math.exp((17.27 * tdew) / (tdew + 237.3))
+    end
+
+    # Estimate actual vapour pressure (*ea*) from wet and dry bulb temperature.
+    #
+    # Based on equation 15 in Allen et al (1998). As the dewpoint temperature
+    # is the temperature to which air needs to be cooled to make it saturated, the
+    # actual vapour pressure is the saturation vapour pressure at the dewpoint
+    # temperature.
+    #
+    # This method is preferable to calculating vapour pressure from
+    # minimum temperature.
+    #
+    # Values for the psychrometric constant of the psychrometer (*psy_const*)
+    # can be calculated using psyc_const_of_psychrometer().
+    #
+    # @param twet [Float] Wet bulb temperature (deg C)
+    # @param tdry [Float] Dry bulb temperature (deg C)
+    # @param svp_twet [Float] Saturated vapour pressure at the wet bulb
+    #   temperature (kPa). Can be estimated using svp_from_t()
+    # @param psy_const [Float] Psychrometric constant of the pyschrometer
+    #   (kPa deg C-1). Can be estimated using psy_const() or
+    #   psy_const_of_psychrometer()
+    # @return [Float] Actual vapour pressure (kPa)
+    def self.avp_from_twet_tdry(twet, tdry, svp_twet, psy_const)
+      return svp_twet - (psy_const * (tdry - twet))
+    end
+
+    # Estimate clear sky radiation from altitude and extraterrestrial radiation.
+    #
+    # Based on equation 37 in Allen et al (1998) which is recommended when
+    # calibrated Angstrom values are not available.
+    #
+    # @param altitude [Float] Elevation above sea level (m)
+    # @param et_rad [Float] Extraterrestrial radiation (MJ m-2 day-1). Can be
+    #   estimated using et_rad()
+    # @return [Float] Clear sky radiation (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.cs_rad(altitude, et_rad)
+      return (0.00002 * altitude + 0.75) * et_rad
+    end
+
+    # Estimate mean daily temperature from the daily minimum and maximum
+    # temperatures.
+    #
+    # @param tmin [Float] Minimum daily temperature (deg C)
+    # @param tmax [Float] Maximum daily temperature (deg C)
+    # @return [Float] Mean daily temperature (deg C)
+    def self.daily_mean_t(tmin, tmax)
+      return (tmax + tmin) / 2.0
+    end
+
+    # Calculate daylight hours from sunset hour angle.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 34 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param sha [Float] Sunset hour angle (rad). Can be calculated using
+    #   sunset_hour_angle()
+    # @return [Float] Daylight hours
+    def self.daylight_hours(sha)
+      Validation.check_sunset_hour_angle_rad(sha)
+      return (24.0 / Math::PI) * sha
+    end
+
+    # Estimate the slope of the saturation vapour pressure curve at a given
+    # temperature.
+    #
+    # Based on equation 13 in Allen et al (1998). If using in the Penman-Monteith
+    # *t* should be the mean air temperature.
+    #
+    # @param t [Float] Air temperature (deg C). Use mean air temperature for
+    #   use in Penman-Monteith
+    # @return [Float] Saturation vapour pressure (kPa degC-1)
+    def self.delta_svp(t)
+      tmp = 4098 * (0.6108 * Math.exp((17.27 * t) / (t + 237.3)))
+      return tmp / ((t + 237.3) ** 2)
+    end
+
+    # Convert energy (e.g. radiation energy) in MJ m-2 day-1 to the equivalent
+    # evaporation, assuming a grass reference crop.
+    #
+    # Energy is converted to equivalent evaporation using a conversion
+    # factor equal to the inverse of the latent heat of vapourisation
+    # (1 / lambda = 0.408).
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 20 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param energy [Float] Energy e.g. radiation or heat flux (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    # @return [Float] Equivalent evaporation (mm day-1)
+    def self.energy2evap(energy)
+      return 0.408 * energy
+    end
+
+    # Estimate daily extraterrestrial radiation (*Ra*, 'top of the atmosphere
+    # radiation').
+    #
+    # Based on equation 21 in Allen et al (1998). If monthly mean radiation is
+    # required make sure *sol_dec*. *sha* and *irl* have been calculated using
+    # the day of the year that corresponds to the middle of the month.
+    #
+    # **Note**: From Allen et al (1998): "For the winter months in latitudes
+    # greater than 55 degrees (N or S), the equations have limited validity.
+    # Reference should be made to the Smithsonian Tables to assess possible
+    # deviations."
+    #
+    # @param latitude [Float] Latitude (radians)
+    # @param sol_dec [Float] Solar declination (radians). Can be calculated
+    #   using sol_dec()
+    # @param sha [Float] Sunset hour angle (radians). Can be calculated using
+    #   sunset_hour_angle()
+    # @param ird [Float] Inverse relative distance earth-sun (dimensionless).
+    #   Can be calculated using inv_rel_dist_earth_sun()
+    # @return [Float] Daily extraterrestrial radiation (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.et_rad(latitude, sol_dec, sha, ird)
+      Validation.check_latitude_rad(latitude)
+      Validation.check_sol_dec_rad(sol_dec)
+      Validation.check_sunset_hour_angle_rad(sha)
+
+      tmp1 = (24.0 * 60.0) / Math::PI
+      tmp2 = sha * Math.sin(latitude) * Math.sin(sol_dec)
+      tmp3 = Math.cos(latitude) * Math.cos(sol_dec) * Math.sin(sha)
+      return tmp1 * SOLAR_CONSTANT * ird * (tmp2 + tmp3)
+    end
+
+    # Estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) from a hypothetical
+    # short grass reference surface using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation.
+    #
+    # Based on equation 6 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param net_rad [Float] Net radiation at crop surface (MJ m-2 day-1). If
+    #   necessary this can be estimated using net_rad()
+    # @param t [Float] Air temperature at 2 m height (deg Kelvin)
+    # @param ws [Float] Wind speed at 2 m height (m s-1). If not measured at 2m,
+    #   convert using wind_speed_at_2m()
+    # @param svp [Float] Saturation vapour pressure (kPa). Can be estimated
+    #   using svp_from_t()
+    # @param avp [Float] Actual vapour pressure (kPa). Can be estimated using a
+    #   range of functions with names beginning with 'avp_from'
+    # @param delta_svp [Float] Slope of saturation vapour pressure curve
+    #   (kPa degC-1). Can be estimated using delta_svp()
+    # @param psy [Float] Psychrometric constant (kPa deg C). Can be estimatred
+    #   using psy_const_of_psychrometer() or psy_const()
+    # @param shf [Float] Soil heat flux (G) (MJ m-2 day-1) (default is 0.0,
+    #   which is reasonable for a daily or 10-day time steps). For monthly time
+    #   steps *shf* can be estimated using monthly_soil_heat_flux() or
+    #   monthly_soil_heat_flux2()
+    # @return [Float] Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) from a hypothetical
+    #   grass reference surface (mm day-1)
+    def self.fao56_penman_monteith(net_rad, t, ws, svp, avp, delta_svp, psy, shf=0.0)
+      a1 = (0.408 * (net_rad - shf) * delta_svp / delta_svp + (psy * (1 + 0.34 * ws)))
+      a2 = (900 * ws / t * (svp - avp) * psy / (delta_svp + (psy * (1 + 0.34 * ws))))
+      return a1 + a2
+    end
+
+    # Estimate reference evapotranspiration over grass (ETo) using the Hargreaves
+    # equation.
+    #
+    # Generally, when solar radiation data, relative humidity data
+    # and/or wind speed data are missing, it is better to estimate them using
+    # the functions available in this module, and then calculate ETo
+    # the FAO Penman-Monteith equation. However, as an alternative, ETo can be
+    # estimated using the Hargreaves ETo equation.
+    #
+    # Based on equation 52 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param tmin [Float] Minimum daily temperature (deg C)
+    # @param tmax [Float] Maximum daily temperature (deg C)
+    # @param tmean [Float] Mean daily temperature (deg C). If measurements not
+    #   available it can be estimated as (*tmin* + *tmax*) / 2
+    # @param et_rad [Float] Extraterrestrial radiation (Ra) (MJ m-2 day-1).
+    #   Can be estimated using et_rad()
+    # @return [Float] Reference evapotranspiration over grass (ETo) (mm day-1)
+    def self.hargreaves(tmin, tmax, tmean, et_rad)
+      # Note, multiplied by 0.408 to convert extraterrestrial radiation could
+      # be given in MJ m-2 day-1 rather than as equivalent evaporation in
+      # mm day-1
+      return 0.0023 * (tmean + 17.8) * (tmax - tmin) ** 0.5 * 0.408 * et_rad
+    end
+
+    # Calculate the inverse relative distance between earth and sun from
+    # day of the year.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 23 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param day_of_year [Integer] Day of the year (1 to 366)
+    # @return [Float] Inverse relative distance between earth and the sun
+    def self.inv_rel_dist_earth_sun(day_of_year)
+      Validation.check_doy(day_of_year)
+      return 1 + (0.033 * Math.cos((2.0 * Math::PI / 365.0) * day_of_year))
+    end
+
+    # Estimate mean saturation vapour pressure, *es* [kPa] from minimum and
+    # maximum temperature.
+    #
+    # Based on equations 11 and 12 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # Mean saturation vapour pressure is calculated as the mean of the
+    # saturation vapour pressure at tmax (maximum temperature) and tmin
+    # (minimum temperature).
+    #
+    # @param tmin [Float] Minimum temperature (deg C)
+    # @param tmax [Float] Maximum temperature (deg C)
+    # @return [Float] Mean saturation vapour pressure (*es*) (kPa)
+    def self.mean_svp(tmin, tmax)
+      return (svp_from_t(tmin) + svp_from_t(tmax)) / 2.0
+    end
+
+    # Estimate monthly soil heat flux (Gmonth) [MJ m-2 day-1] from the mean
+    # air temperature of the previous and current month, assuming a grass crop.
+    #
+    # Based on equation 44 in Allen et al (1998). If the air temperature of the
+    # next month is available, use monthly_soil_heat_flux() instead. The
+    # resulting heat flux can be converted to equivalent evaporation (mm day-1)
+    # using energy2evap().
+    #
+    # @param t_month_prev [Float] Mean air temperature of the previous month
+    #   (deg Celsius)
+    # @param t_month_next [Float] Mean air temperature of the next month
+    #   (deg Celsius)
+    # @return [Float] Monthly soil heat flux (Gmonth) (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.monthly_soil_heat_flux(t_month_prev, t_month_next)
+      return 0.07 * (t_month_next - t_month_prev)
+    end
+
+    # Estimate monthly soil heat flux (Gmonth) from the mean air temperature of
+    # the previous and next month, assuming a grass crop.
+    #
+    # Based on equation 44 in Allen et al (1998). If the air temperature of the
+    # next month is available, use monthly_soil_heat_flux() instead. The
+    # resulting heat flux can be converted to equivalent evaporation [mm day-1]
+    # using ``energy2evap().
+    #
+    # @param t_month_prev [Float] Mean air temperature of the previous month
+    #   (deg Celsius)
+    # @param t_month_next [Float] Mean air temperature of the current month
+    #   (deg Celsius)
+    # @return [Float] Monthly soil heat flux (Gmonth) (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.monthly_soil_heat_flux2(t_month_prev, t_month_cur)
+      return 0.14 * (t_month_cur - t_month_prev)
+    end
+
+    # Calculate net incoming solar (or shortwave) radiation from gross
+    # incoming solar radiation, assuming a grass reference crop.
+    #
+    # Net incoming solar radiation is the net shortwave radiation resulting
+    # from the balance between incoming and reflected solar radiation. The
+    # output can be converted to equivalent evaporation [mm day-1] using
+    # energy2evap().
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 38 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param sol_rad [Float] Gross incoming solar radiation (MJ m-2 day-1).
+    #   If necessary this can be estimated using functions whose name begins
+    #   with 'sol_rad_from'
+    # @param albedo [Float] Albedo of the crop as the proportion of gross
+    #   incoming solar radiation that is reflected by the surface. Default value
+    #   is 0.23, which is the value used by the FAO for a short grass reference
+    #   crop. Albedo can be as high as 0.95 for freshly fallen snow and as low
+    #   as 0.05 for wet bare soil. A green vegetation over has an albedo of
+    #   about 0.20-0.25 (Allen et al, 1998)
+    # @return [Float] Net incoming solar (or shortwave) radiation (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.net_in_sol_rad(sol_rad, albedo=0.23)
+      return (1 - albedo) * sol_rad
+    end
+
+    # Estimate net outgoing longwave radiation.
+    #
+    # This is the net longwave energy (net energy flux) leaving the
+    # earth's surface. It is proportional to the absolute temperature of
+    # the surface raised to the fourth power according to the Stefan-Boltzmann
+    # law. However, water vapour, clouds, carbon dioxide and dust are absorbers
+    # and emitters of longwave radiation. This function corrects the Stefan-
+    # Boltzmann law for humidity (using actual vapor pressure) and cloudiness
+    # (using solar radiation and clear sky radiation). The concentrations of all
+    # other absorbers are assumed to be constant.
+    #
+    # The output can be converted to equivalent evaporation [mm day-1] using energy2evap().
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 39 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param tmin [Float] Absolute daily minimum temperature (degrees Kelvin)
+    # @param albedo [Float] Absolute daily maximum temperature (degrees Kelvin)
+    # @param sol_rad [Float] Solar radiation (MJ m-2 day-1). If necessary this
+    #   can be estimated using sol+rad()
+    # @param cs_rad [Float] Clear sky radiation (MJ m-2 day-1). Can be estimated
+    #   using cs_rad()
+    # @param avp [Float] Actual vapour pressure (kPa). Can be estimated using
+    #   functions with names beginning with 'avp_from'
+    # @return [Float] Net outgoing longwave radiation (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.net_out_lw_rad(tmin, tmax, sol_rad, cs_rad, avp)
+      tmp1 = (STEFAN_BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT * (((tmax ** 4) + (tmin ** 4)) / 2))
+      tmp2 = (0.34 - (0.14 * Math.sqrt(avp)))
+      tmp3 = 1.35 * (sol_rad / cs_rad) - 0.35
+      return tmp1 * tmp2 * tmp3
+    end
+
+    # Calculate daily net radiation at the crop surface, assuming a grass
+    # reference crop.
+    #
+    # Net radiation is the difference between the incoming net shortwave (or
+    # solar) radiation and the outgoing net longwave radiation. Output can be
+    # converted to equivalent evaporation [mm day-1] using energy2evap().
+    #
+    # Based on equation 40 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param ni_sw_rad [Float] Net incoming shortwave radiation (MJ m-2 day-1).
+    #   Can be estimated using net_in_sol_rad()
+    # @param no_lw_rad [Float] Net outgoing longwave radiation (MJ m-2 day-1).
+    #   Can be estimated using net_out_lw_rad()
+    # @return [Float] Daily net radiation (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.net_rad(ni_sw_rad, no_lw_rad)
+      return ni_sw_rad - no_lw_rad
+    end
+
+    # Calculate the psychrometric constant.
+    #
+    # This method assumes that the air is saturated with water vapour at the
+    # minimum daily temperature. This assumption may not hold in arid areas.
+    #
+    # Based on equation 8, page 95 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param atmos_pres [Float] Atmospheric pressure (kPa). Can be estimated
+    #   using atm_pressure()
+    # @return [Float] Psychrometric constant (kPa degC-1)
+    def self.psy_const(atmos_pres)
+      return 0.000665 * atmos_pres
+    end
+
+    # Calculate the psychrometric constant for different types of
+    # psychrometer at a given atmospheric pressure.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 16 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # psychrometer types:
+    # 1. ventilated (Asmann or aspirated type) psychrometer with an air movement of approximately 5 m/s
+    # 2. natural ventilated psychrometer with an air movement of approximately 1 m/s
+    # 3. non ventilated psychrometer installed indoors
+    #
+    # @param psychrometer [Float] Integer between 1 and 3 which denotes type of
+    #   psychrometer
+    # @param atmos_pres [Float] Atmospheric pressure [kPa]. Can be estimated
+    #   using atm_pressure()
+    # @return [Float] Psychrometric constant (kPa degC-1)
+    def self.psy_const_of_psychrometer(psychrometer, atmos_pres)
+      # Select coefficient based on type of ventilation of the wet bulb
+      case psychrometer
+      when 1
+        psy_coeff = 0.000662
+      when 2
+        psy_coeff = 0.000800
+      when 3
+        psy_coeff = 0.001200
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError.new("psychrometer should be in range 1 to 3: #{psychrometer}")
+      end
+
+      return psy_coeff * atmos_pres
+    end
+
+    # Calculate relative humidity as the ratio of actual vapour pressure
+    # to saturation vapour pressure at the same temperature.
+    #
+    # See Allen et al (1998), page 67 for details.
+    #
+    # @param avp [Float] Actual vapour pressure (units do not matter so long as
+    #   they are the same as for *svp*). Can be estimated using functions whose
+    #   name begins with 'avp_from'
+    # @param svp [Float] Saturated vapour pressure (units do not matter so long
+    #   as they are the same as for *avp*). Can be estimated using svp_from_t()
+    # @return [Float] Relative humidity (%)
+    def self.rh_from_avp_svp(avp, svp)
+      return 100.0 * avp / svp
+    end
+
+    # Calculate solar declination from day of the year.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 24 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param day_of_year [Integer] Day of year integer between 1 and 365 or 366
+    # @return [Float] solar declination (radians)
+    def self.sol_dec(day_of_year)
+      Validation.check_doy(day_of_year)
+      return 0.409 * Math.sin(((2.0 * Math::PI / 365.0) * day_of_year - 1.39))
+    end
+
+    # Calculate incoming solar (or shortwave) radiation, *Rs* (radiation hitting
+    # a horizontal plane after scattering by the atmosphere) from relative
+    # sunshine duration.
+    #
+    # If measured radiation data are not available this method is preferable
+    # to calculating solar radiation from temperature. If a monthly mean is
+    # required then divide the monthly number of sunshine hours by number of
+    # days in the month and ensure that *et_rad* and *daylight_hours* was
+    # calculated using the day of the year that corresponds to the middle of
+    # the month.
+    #
+    # Based on equations 34 and 35 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param dl_hours [Integer] Number of daylight hours (hours). Can be
+    #   calculated using daylight_hours()
+    # @param sunshine_hours [Integer] Sunshine duration (hours). Can be
+    #   calculated using sunshine_hours()
+    # @param et_rad [Float] Extraterrestrial radiation (MJ m-2 day-1). Can be
+    #   estimated using et_rad()
+    # @return [Float] Incoming solar (or shortwave) radiation (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.sol_rad_from_sun_hours(daylight_hours, sunshine_hours, et_rad)
+      Validation.check_day_hours(sunshine_hours, 'sun_hours')
+      Validation.check_day_hours(daylight_hours, 'daylight_hours')
+
+      # 0.5 and 0.25 are default values of regression constants (Angstrom values)
+      # recommended by FAO when calibrated values are unavailable.
+      return (0.5 * sunshine_hours / daylight_hours + 0.25) * et_rad
+    end
+
+    # Estimate incoming solar (or shortwave) radiation, *Rs*, (radiation hitting
+    # a horizontal plane after scattering by the atmosphere) from min and max
+    # temperature together with an empirical adjustment coefficient for
+    # 'interior' and 'coastal' regions.
+    #
+    # The formula is based on equation 50 in Allen et al (1998) which is the
+    # Hargreaves radiation formula (Hargreaves and Samani, 1982, 1985). This
+    # method should be used only when solar radiation or sunshine hours data are
+    # not available. It is only recommended for locations where it is not
+    # possible to use radiation data from a regional station (either because
+    # climate conditions are heterogeneous or data are lacking).
+    #
+    # **NOTE**: this method is not suitable for island locations due to the
+    # moderating effects of the surrounding water.
+    #
+    # @param et_rad [Float] Extraterrestrial radiation (MJ m-2 day-1). Can be
+    #   estimated using et_rad()
+    # @param cs_rad [Float] Clear sky radiation (MJ m-2 day-1). Can be estimated
+    #   using cs_rad()
+    # @param tmin [Float] Daily minimum temperature (deg C)
+    # @param tmax [Float] Daily maximum temperature (deg C)
+    # @param coastal [Boolean] True if site is a coastal location, situated on
+    #   or adjacent to coast of a large land mass and where air masses are
+    #   influenced by a nearby water body, False if interior location where land
+    #   mass dominates and air masses are not strongly influenced by a large
+    #   water body.
+    # @return [Float] Incoming solar (or shortwave) radiation (Rs) (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.sol_rad_from_t(et_rad, cs_rad, tmin, tmax, coastal)
+      # Determine value of adjustment coefficient [deg C-0.5] for
+      # coastal/interior locations
+      adj = coastal ? 0.19 : 0.16
+
+      sol_rad = adj * Math.sqrt(tmax - tmin) * et_rad
+
+      # The solar radiation value is constrained by the clear sky radiation
+      return [sol_rad, cs_rad].min
+    end
+
+    # Estimate incoming solar (or shortwave) radiation, *Rs* (radiation hitting
+    # a horizontal plane after scattering by the atmosphere) for an island
+    # location.
+    #
+    # An island is defined as a land mass with width perpendicular to the
+    # coastline <= 20 km. Use this method only if radiation data from
+    # elsewhere on the island is not available.
+    #
+    # **NOTE**: This method is only applicable for low altitudes (0-100 m)
+    # and monthly calculations.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 51 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param et_rad [Float] Extraterrestrial radiation (MJ m-2 day-1). Can be
+    #   estimated using et_rad()
+    # @return [Float] Incoming solar (or shortwave) radiation (MJ m-2 day-1)
+    def self.sol_rad_island(et_rad)
+      return (0.7 * et_rad) - 4.0
+    end
+
+    # Calculate sunset hour angle (*Ws*) from latitude and solar
+    # declination.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 25 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param latitude [Float] Latitude (radians). Note: *latitude* should be
+    #   negative if it in the southern hemisphere, positive if in the northern
+    #   hemisphere
+    # @param sol_dec [Float] Solar declination (radians). Can be calculated
+    #   using sol_dec()
+    # @return [Float] Sunset hour angle (radians)
+    def self.sunset_hour_angle(latitude, sol_dec)
+      Validation.check_latitude_rad(latitude)
+      Validation.check_sol_dec_rad(sol_dec)
+
+      cos_sha = -Math.tan(latitude) * Math.tan(sol_dec)
+      # If tmp is >= 1 there is no sunset, i.e. 24 hours of daylight
+      # If tmp is <= 1 there is no sunrise, i.e. 24 hours of darkness
+      # See http://www.itacanet.org/the-sun-as-a-source-of-energy/
+      # part-3-calculating-solar-angles/
+      # Domain of acos is -1 <= x <= 1 radians (this is not mentioned in FAO-56!)
+      return Math.acos([[cos_sha, -1.0].max, 1.0].min)
+    end
+
+    # Estimate saturation vapour pressure (*es*) from air temperature.
+    #
+    # Based on equations 11 and 12 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param t [Float] Temperature (deg C)
+    # @return [Float] Saturation vapour pressure (kPa)
+    def self.svp_from_t(t)
+      return 0.6108 * Math.exp((17.27 * t) / (t + 237.3))
+    end
+
+    # Convert wind speed measured at different heights above the soil
+    # surface to wind speed at 2 m above the surface, assuming a short grass
+    # surface.
+    #
+    # Based on FAO equation 47 in Allen et al (1998).
+    #
+    # @param ws [Float] Measured wind speed (m s-1)
+    # @param z [Float] Height of wind measurement above ground surface (m)
+    # @return [Float] Wind speed at 2 m above the surface (m s-1)
+    def self.wind_speed_2m(ws, z)
+      return ws * (4.87 / Math.log((67.8 * z) - 5.42))
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/evapotranspiration/thornthwaite.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+require 'evapotranspiration/validation'
+require 'evapotranspiration/fao'
+
+module Evapotranspiration
+
+  # Calculate potential evapotranspiration using the Thornthwaite (1948 method)
+  #
+  # References
+  # ----------
+  # Thornthwaite CW (1948) An approach toward a rational classification of
+  # climate. Geographical Review, 38, 55-94.
+  module Thornthwaite
+
+    MONTHDAYS = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
+    LEAP_MONTHDAYS = [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
+
+    # Estimate monthly potential evapotranspiration (PET) using the
+    # Thornthwaite (1948) method.
+    #
+    # Thornthwaite equation:
+    #
+    #  *PET* = 1.6 (*l*/12) (*n*/30) (10*ta* / *heat_index*)***a*
+    #
+    # where:
+    #
+    #  * *ta* is the mean daily air temperature [deg C, if negative use 0] of the
+    #    month being calculated
+    #  * *n* is the number of days in the month being calculated
+    #  * *l* is the mean day length [hours] of the month being calculated
+    #  * *a* = (6.75 x 10-7)*heat_index***3 - (7.71 x 10-5)*heat_index***2 + (1.792 x 10-2)*heat_index* + 0.49239
+    #  * *heat_index* is a heat index which depends on the 12 monthly mean temperatures and
+    #    is calculated as the sum of (*tai* / 5)**1.514 for each month, where
+    #  * *tai* is the air temperature for each month in the year
+    #
+    # @param monthly_t [Array<Float>] Iterable containing mean daily air
+    #   temperature for each month of the year (deg C)
+    # @param monthly_mean_dlh [Array<Float>] Iterable containing mean daily
+    #   daylight hours for each month of the year (hours). These can be
+    #   calculated using monthly_mean_daylight_hours()
+    # @param year [Integer] Year for which PET is required. The only effect of
+    #   year is to change the number of days in February to 29 if it is a leap
+    #   year. If it is left as the default (None), then the year is assumed not
+    #   to be a leap year.
+    # @return [Array<Float>] Estimated monthly potential evaporation of each month of
+    #   the year (mm/month)
+    def thornthwaite(monthly_t, monthly_mean_dlh, year=nil)
+      if monthly_t.size != 12
+        raise ArgumentError.new("monthly_t should be length 12 but is length #{monthly_t.size}.")
+      end
+      if monthly_mean_dlh.size != 12
+        raise ArgumentError.new("monthly_mean_dlh should be length 12 but is length #{monthly_mean_dlh.size}.")
+      end
+
+      if year.nil? || !year.leap?
+        month_days = MONTHDAYS
+      else
+        month_days = LEAP_MONTHDAYS
+      end
+
+      # Negative temperatures should be set to zero
+      adj_monthly_t = []
+      monthly_t.each do |t|
+        adj_monthly_t << (t >= 0 ? t : 0)
+      end
+
+      # Calculate the heat index (heat_index)
+      heat_index = 0.0
+      adj_monthly_t.each do |tai|
+        if (tai / 5.0) > 0.0
+          heat_index += (tai / 5.0) ** 1.514
+        end
+      end
+
+      a = (6.75e-07 * heat_index ** 3) - (7.71e-05 * heat_index ** 2) + (1.792e-02 * heat_index) + 0.49239
+
+      pet = []
+      adj_monthly_t.zip(monthly_mean_dlh, month_days).each do |ta, l, n|
+        # Multiply by 10 to convert cm/month --> mm/month
+        pet << 1.6 * (l / 12.0) * (n / 30.0) * ((10.0 * ta / heat_index) ** a) * 10.0
+      end
+      return pet
+    end
+
+    # Calculate mean daylight hours for each month of the year for a given
+    # latitude.
+    #
+    # @param latitude [Float] Latitude (radians)
+    # @param year [Integer] Year for the daylight hours are required. The only effect of
+    #   *year* is to change the number of days in Feb to 29 if it is a leap
+    #   year. If left as the default, None, then a normal (non-leap) year is
+    #   assumed.
+    # @return [Array<Float>] Mean daily daylight hours of each month of a year
+    #   (hours)
+    def monthly_mean_daylight_hours(latitude, year=nil)
+      Validation.check_latitude_rad(latitude)
+
+      if year.nil? || !year.leap?
+        month_days = MONTHDAYS
+      else
+        month_days = LEAP_MONTHDAYS
+      end
+      monthly_mean_dlh = []
+      doy = 1 # Day of the year
+
+      month_days.each do |mdays|
+        dlh = 0.0  # Cumulative daylight hours for the month
+        [1..(mdays + 1)].each do |daynum|
+          sd = FAO.sol_dec(doy)
+          sha = FAO.sunset_hour_angle(latitude, sd)
+          dlh += FAO.daylight_hours(sha)
+          doy += 1
+        end
+        # Calc mean daylight hours of the month
+        monthly_mean_dlh << (dlh / mdays)
+      end
+
+      return monthly_mean_dlh
+    end
+
+  end
+
+end

data/lib/evapotranspiration/validation.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+require 'evapotranspiration/conversion'
+
+module Evapotranspiration
+  module Validation
+
+    # Latitude
+    MINLAT_RADIANS = Conversion.deg_to_rad(-90.0)
+    MAXLAT_RADIANS = Conversion.deg_to_rad(90.0)
+
+    # Solar declination
+    MINSOLDEC_RADIANS = Conversion.deg_to_rad(-23.5)
+    MAXSOLDEC_RADIANS = Conversion.deg_to_rad(23.5)
+
+    # Sunset hour angle
+    MINSHA_RADIANS = 0.0
+    MAXSHA_RADIANS = Conversion.deg_to_rad(180)
+
+    # Check that *hours* is in the range 1 to 24
+    def self.check_day_hours(hours, arg_name)
+      unless hours.between?(0,24)
+        raise ArgumentError.new("#{arg_name} should be in the range 0-24: #{hours}")
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Check day of the year is valid
+    def self.check_doy(doy)
+      unless doy.between?(1,366)
+        raise ArgumentError.new("day of the year (doy) must be in range 1-366: #{doy}")
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.check_latitude_rad(latitude)
+      unless latitude.between?(MINLAT_RADIANS,MAXLAT_RADIANS)
+        raise ArgumentError.new("latitude outside valid range #{MINLAT_RADIANS} to #{MAXLAT_RADIANS} rad: #{latitude}")
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Solar declination can vary between -23.5 and +23.5 degrees.
+    # See http://mypages.iit.edu/~maslanka/SolarGeo.pdf
+    def self.check_sol_dec_rad(sd)
+      unless sd.between?(MINSOLDEC_RADIANS,MAXSOLDEC_RADIANS)
+        raise ArgumentError.new("solar declination outside valid range #{MINSOLDEC_RADIANS} to #{MAXSOLDEC_RADIANS} rad: #{sd}")
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Sunset hour angle has the range 0 to 180 degrees.
+    # See http://mypages.iit.edu/~maslanka/SolarGeo.pdf
+    def self.check_sunset_hour_angle_rad(sha)
+      unless sha.between?(MINSHA_RADIANS,MAXSHA_RADIANS)
+        raise ArgumentError.new("sunset hour angle outside valid range #{MINSHA_RADIANS} to #{MAXSHA_RADIANS} rad: #{sha}")
+      end
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/evapotranspiration/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module Evapotranspiration
+  VERSION = "0.1.0"
+end

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: evapotranspiration
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 0.1.0
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- Bryce Johnston
+autorequire: 
+bindir: exe
+cert_chain: []
+date: 2016-06-03 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: bundler
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.12'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '1.12'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '10.0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '10.0'
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rspec
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '3.0'
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - "~>"
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: '3.0'
+description: Ruby library for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo),
+  also referred to as potential evapotranspiration (PET), using the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith
+  method. This is a Ruby port of Mark Richard's PyETo Python package.
+email:
+- johnstonbrc@gmail.com
+executables: []
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- ".gitignore"
+- ".rspec"
+- ".travis.yml"
+- Gemfile
+- LICENSE-ORIGINAL.txt
+- LICENSE.txt
+- README.md
+- Rakefile
+- bin/console
+- bin/setup
+- evapotranspiration.gemspec
+- lib/evapotranspiration.rb
+- lib/evapotranspiration/conversion.rb
+- lib/evapotranspiration/fao.rb
+- lib/evapotranspiration/thornthwaite.rb
+- lib/evapotranspiration/validation.rb
+- lib/evapotranspiration/version.rb
+homepage: https://github.com/AgRuby/evapotranspiration
+licenses:
+- BSD 3-Clause
+metadata: {}
+post_install_message: 
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - ">="
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubyforge_project: 
+rubygems_version: 2.6.4
+signing_key: 
+specification_version: 4
+summary: Ruby library for calculating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo)
+test_files: []
+has_rdoc: