elo_rating 0.2.0
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- checksums.yaml +7 -0
- data/LICENSE +21 -0
- data/README.md +157 -0
- data/lib/elo_rating/match.rb +118 -0
- data/lib/elo_rating.rb +73 -0
- data/spec/elo_rating_spec.rb +84 -0
- data/spec/match_spec.rb +95 -0
- metadata +52 -0
checksums.yaml
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data/LICENSE
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The MIT License (MIT)
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Copyright (c) 2014 Maxwell Holder
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
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THE SOFTWARE.
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data/README.md
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# elo_rating
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`elo_rating` helps you calculate [Elo ratings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elo_rating_system), a rating system used primary for Chess.
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It can handle multiple players in one game and allows for custom K-factor functions.
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- [API Documentation]()
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## Getting started
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```ruby
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gem install elo_rating
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```
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or add it to your Gemfile and run `bundle`:
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```ruby
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gem 'elo_rating'
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```
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## Usage
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Say you have two players, both have ratings of 2000. The second player wins. To
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determine both player's updated ratings:
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```ruby
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 2000)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000, winner: true)
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match.updated_ratings # => [1988, 2012]
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```
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The first player's rating goes down 12 points and the second player's goes up 12 points.
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### >2 players
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Most Elo rating calculators only allow for matches of just 2 players, but the
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formula can be extended games with more players by calculating rating adjustments
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for each player against each of their opponents.
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Say you have three players, rated 1900, 2000, and 2000. They are playing a game
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like [Monopoly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly_(game)) where there is
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only one winner. The third player wins.
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To determine their new scores:
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```ruby
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 1900, winner: true)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000)
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match.updated_ratings # => [1931, 1985, 1985]
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```
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### Ranked games
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Some games like [Mario Kart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Kart) have
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multiple, ranked winners. Let's say you have three players like before, rated
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1900, 2000, and 2000. Instead of indicating the winner, you can specify the
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ranks:
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```ruby
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 1900, rank: 1)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000, rank: 2)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000, rank: 3)
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match.updated_ratings # => [1973, 1997, 1931]
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```
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## Elo rating functions
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The functions used in the above calculations are available for use directly:
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### Expected score
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Say you have 2 players, rated 1900 and 2000.
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```ruby
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EloRating.expected_score(1900, 2000) # => 0.360
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```
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The player rated 1900 has a 36% chance of winning.
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### Rating adjustment
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You can use the expected score and the results of an actual match to determine
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how an Elo rating should change.
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Let's say we have the expected rating from above of 0.36. If the first player rated 1900 won the match, their actual score would be 1.
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We can use this to determine how much their rating should change:
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```ruby
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EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.36, 1) # => 15.36
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```
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Their rating should go up about 15 points if they win.
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## K-factor
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The K-factor is used in calculating the rating adjustment and determines how much impact the most recent game has on a player's rating.
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It defaults to 24:
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```ruby
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EloRating::k_factor # => 24
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```
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You can change this to any number. With a lower K-factor, ratings are less volatile and change slower:
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```ruby
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EloRating::k_factor = 10
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 2000, winner: true)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000)
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match.updated_ratings # => [1995, 2005]
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```
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You can also pass a block to provide a custom function to calculate the K-factor
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based on the player's rating:
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```ruby
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EloRating::set_k_factor do |rating|
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rating ||= 2000
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if rating < 2100
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elsif 2100 <= rating && rating <= 2400
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24
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else
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16
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end
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end
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```
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You can provide a rating to `EloRating.rating_adjustment` that will be used in
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your custom K-factor function:
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```ruby
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EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0) # => -24.0
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EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0, rating: 2200) # => -18.0
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EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0, rating: 2500) # => -12.0
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```
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You can also specify a K-factor for a single rating adjustment:
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```ruby
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EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0, k_factor: 24) # => -18.0
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```
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Note: custom K-factor functions must not raise any exceptions when the rating is nil:
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```ruby
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EloRating::set_k_factor do |rating|
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rating / 100
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end
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# => ArgumentError: Error encountered in K-factor block when passed nil rating: undefined method `/' for nil:NilClass
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```
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##
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# This class represents a single game between a number of players.
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class EloRating::Match
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attr_reader :players
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# Creates a new match
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def initialize
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@players = []
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end
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# Adds a player to the match
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#
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# ==== Attributes
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# * +rating+: the Elo rating of the player
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# * +winner+ (optional): boolean, whether this player is the winner of the match
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# * +place+ (optional): a number representing the rank of the player within the match; the lower the number, the higher they placed
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#
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# Raises an +ArgumentError+ if the rating or place is not numeric, or if
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# both winner and place is specified.
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def add_player(player_attributes)
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players << Player.new(player_attributes.merge(match: self))
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self
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end
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# Calculates the updated ratings for each of the players in the match.
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#
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# Raises an +ArgumentError+ if more than one player is marked as the winner or
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# if some but not all players have +place+ specified.
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def updated_ratings
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validate_players!
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players.map(&:updated_rating)
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end
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private
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def validate_players!
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raise ArgumentError, 'Only one player can be the winner' if multiple_winners?
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raise ArgumentError, 'All players must have places if any do' if inconsistent_places?
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end
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def multiple_winners?
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players.select { |player| player.winner? }.size > 1
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end
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def inconsistent_places?
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players.select { |player| player.place }.any? &&
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players.select { |player| !player.place }.any?
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end
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class Player
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# :nodoc:
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attr_reader :rating, :place, :match
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def initialize(match:, rating:, place: nil, winner: nil)
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validate_attributes!(rating: rating, place: place, winner: winner)
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@match = match
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@rating = rating
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@place = place
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@winner = winner
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end
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def winner?
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@winner
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end
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def validate_attributes!(rating:, place:, winner:)
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raise ArgumentError, 'Rating must be numeric' unless rating.is_a? Numeric
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raise ArgumentError, 'Winner and place cannot both be specified' if place && winner
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raise ArgumentError, 'Place must be numeric' unless place.nil? || place.is_a?(Numeric)
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end
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def opponents
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match.players - [self]
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end
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def updated_rating
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(rating + total_rating_adjustments).round
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end
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def total_rating_adjustments
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opponents.map do |opponent|
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rating_adjustment_against(opponent)
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end.reduce(0, :+)
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end
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def rating_adjustment_against(opponent)
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EloRating.rating_adjustment(
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expected_score_against(opponent),
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actual_score_against(opponent)
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)
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end
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def expected_score_against(opponent)
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EloRating.expected_score(rating, opponent.rating)
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end
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def actual_score_against(opponent)
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if won_against?(opponent)
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1
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elsif opponent.won_against?(self)
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0
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else # draw
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0.5
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end
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end
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def won_against?(opponent)
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winner? || placed_ahead_of?(opponent)
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end
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def placed_ahead_of?(opponent)
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if place && opponent.place
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place < opponent.place
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end
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end
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end
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end
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data/lib/elo_rating.rb
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# :main: README.md
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##
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# EloRating helps you calculate Elo ratings.
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#
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# See the README for an introduction.
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module EloRating
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# Default K-factor.
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@k_factor = Proc.new do |rating|
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24
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end
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# Calls the K-factor function with the provided rating.
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def self.k_factor(rating = nil)
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@k_factor.call(rating)
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end
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# Sets the K-factor by providing a block that optionally takes a +rating+
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# argument:
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#
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# EloRating::set_k_factor do |rating|
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# if rating && rating > 2500
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# 24
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# else
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# 16
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# end
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# end
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#
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# Raises an ArgumentError if an exception is encountered when calling the provided block with nil as the argument
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def self.set_k_factor(&k_factor)
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k_factor.call(nil)
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@k_factor = k_factor
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rescue => e
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raise ArgumentError, "Error encountered in K-factor block when passed nil rating: #{e}"
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end
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# Sets the K-factor to a number.
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def self.k_factor=(k_factor)
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@k_factor = Proc.new do
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k_factor
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end
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end
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# Calculates the expected score of a player given their rating (+player_rating+)
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# and their opponent's rating (+opponent_rating+).
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#
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# Returns a float between 0 and 1 where 0.999 represents high certainty of the
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# first player winning.
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def self.expected_score(player_rating, opponent_rating)
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1.0/(1 + (10 ** ((opponent_rating - player_rating)/400.0)))
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end
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+
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# Calculates the amount a player's rating should change.
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#
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# ==== Arguments
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# * +expected_score+: a float between 0 and 1, representing the probability of
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# the player winning
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# * +actual_score+: 0, 0.5, or 1, whether the outcome was a loss, draw, or win
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# (respectively)
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# * +rating+ (optional): the rating of the player, used by the K-factor function
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# * +k_factor+ (optional): the K-factor to use for this calculation to be used
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# instead of the normal K-factor or K-factor function
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#
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# Returns a positive or negative float representing the amount the player's
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# rating should change.
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def self.rating_adjustment(expected_score, actual_score, rating: nil, k_factor: nil)
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k_factor ||= k_factor(rating)
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k_factor * (actual_score - expected_score)
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end
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end
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require 'elo_rating/match'
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require_relative '../lib/elo_rating.rb'
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describe EloRating do
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after(:each) do
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EloRating::k_factor = 24
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end
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describe '::k_factor' do
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it 'defaults to 24' do
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expect(EloRating::k_factor).to eql(24)
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end
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end
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describe '::k_factor=' do
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it 'sets the K-factor to an integer' do
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EloRating::k_factor = 10
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expect(EloRating::k_factor).to eql(10)
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end
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end
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describe '::set_k_factor' do
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it 'takes a block to determine the K-factor based on a player\'s rating' do
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EloRating::set_k_factor do |rating|
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if rating && rating > 1000
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15
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else
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24
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24
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end
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end
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expect(EloRating::k_factor(1001)).to eql 15
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end
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context 'given a block that doesn\'t handle nil ratings' do
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it 'raises an error' do
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expect do
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EloRating::set_k_factor do |rating|
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rating * 10
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end
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end.to raise_error ArgumentError
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end
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end
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end
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describe '.expected_score' do
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it 'returns the odds of a player winning given their rating and their opponent\'s rating' do
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expect(EloRating.expected_score(1200, 1000)).to be_within(0.0001).of(0.7597)
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end
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end
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describe '.rating_adjustment' do
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it 'returns the amount a rating should change given an expected score and an actual score' do
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expect(EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0)).to be_within(0.0001).of(-18.0)
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end
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it 'uses the K-factor' do
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expect(EloRating).to receive(:k_factor).and_return(24)
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EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0)
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end
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context 'custom numeric k-factor' do
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it 'uses the custom k-factor' do
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EloRating::k_factor = 10
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expect(EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0)).to be_within(0.0001).of(-7.5)
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end
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end
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context 'custom k-factor function' do
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it 'calls the function with the provided rating to determine the k-factor' do
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EloRating::set_k_factor do |rating|
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rating ||= 2000
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if rating < 2100
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32
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elsif 2100 <= rating && rating <= 2400
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24
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else
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16
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end
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end
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expect(EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0)).to be_within(0.0001).of(-24.0)
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expect(EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0, rating: 2200)).to be_within(0.0001).of(-18.0)
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expect(EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0, rating: 2500)).to be_within(0.0001).of(-12.0)
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end
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end
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context 'provided with a nonce numeric k-factor' do
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it 'uses the provided k-factor' do
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expect(EloRating.rating_adjustment(0.75, 0, k_factor: 24)).to be_within(0.0001).of(-18.0)
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end
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end
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end
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end
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data/spec/match_spec.rb
ADDED
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require_relative '../lib/elo_rating.rb'
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describe EloRating::Match do
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describe '#updated_ratings' do
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context 'simple match with two players and one winner' do
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it 'returns the updated ratings of all the players' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 2000)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000, winner: true)
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expect(match.updated_ratings).to eql [1988, 2012]
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end
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end
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context 'match with 3 players and one winner' do
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it 'returns the updated ratings of all the players' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 1900, winner: true)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000)
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expect(match.updated_ratings).to eql [1931, 1985, 1985]
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end
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end
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context 'ranked game with 3 players' do
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it 'returns the updated ratings of all the players' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 1900, place: 1)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000, place: 2)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000, place: 3)
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expect(match.updated_ratings).to eql [1931, 1997, 1973]
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end
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end
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context 'multiple winners specified' do
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it 'raises an error' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 1000, winner: true)
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match.add_player(rating: 1000, winner: true)
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expect { match.updated_ratings }.to raise_error ArgumentError
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end
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end
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context 'place specified for one player but not all' do
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it 'raises an error' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 1000)
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match.add_player(rating: 1000, place: 2)
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expect { match.updated_ratings }.to raise_error ArgumentError
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end
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end
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end
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describe '#add_player' do
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context 'adding a player with a rating' do
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it 'creates a new player with the specified rating' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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expect(EloRating::Match::Player).to receive(:new).with(rating: 2000, match: match)
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match.add_player(rating: 2000)
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end
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it 'appends the new player to the match\'s player' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 2000)
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expect(match.players.size).to eql 1
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end
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it 'returns the match itself so multiple calls can be chained' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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match.add_player(rating: 1000).add_player(rating: 2000)
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expect(match.players.size). to eql 2
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end
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end
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context 'adding a player with a non-numeric rating' do
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it 'raises an error' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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expect { match.add_player(rating: :foo) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
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end
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end
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context 'adding a player with a non-numeric place' do
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it 'raises an error' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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expect { match.add_player(rating: 1000, place: :foo) }.to raise_error(ArgumentError)
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end
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end
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context 'adding a player with both winner and place specified' do
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it 'raises an error' do
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match = EloRating::Match.new
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expect { match.add_player(rating: 1000, place: 2, winner: true) }.to raise_error ArgumentError
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end
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end
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end
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end
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metadata
ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
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--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
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name: elo_rating
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version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
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version: 0.2.0
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platform: ruby
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authors:
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- Max Holder
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autorequire:
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bindir: bin
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cert_chain: []
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date: 2014-06-28 00:00:00.000000000 Z
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dependencies: []
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description: Tiny library for calculating Elo ratings. Handles multiplayer matches
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and allows for custom k-factor functions.
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email: mxhold@gmail.com
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executables: []
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extensions: []
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extra_rdoc_files: []
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files:
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- LICENSE
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- README.md
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22
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- lib/elo_rating.rb
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23
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- lib/elo_rating/match.rb
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24
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- spec/elo_rating_spec.rb
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- spec/match_spec.rb
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homepage: http://github.com/mxhold/elo_rating
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licenses:
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- MIT
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metadata: {}
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post_install_message:
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rdoc_options: []
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require_paths:
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- lib
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required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
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35
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requirements:
|
36
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- - ">="
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37
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- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
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version: '0'
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39
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required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
|
40
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requirements:
|
41
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- - ">="
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42
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- !ruby/object:Gem::Version
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version: '0'
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44
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requirements: []
|
45
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rubyforge_project:
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rubygems_version: 2.2.0
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signing_key:
|
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specification_version: 4
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summary: Tiny library for calculating Elo ratings
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test_files:
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51
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- spec/elo_rating_spec.rb
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52
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- spec/match_spec.rb
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