RubyGems - cyberweb - Versions diffs - 0.4.174 → 0.5.225 - Mend

cyberweb 0.4.174 → 0.5.225

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data/lib/cyberweb/web_object/web_object.rb CHANGED Viewed

@@ -5,18 +5,19 @@
 # === Cyberweb::WebObject
 #
 # The purpose of the class WebObject is to represent a web-object,
-# an object which is able to output a full HTML page - as a long
+# an object that is able to output a full HTML page - as a long
 # string - to any client.
 #
-# This HTML dump is stored in the instance variable :result, which is
-# kept within @internal_hash. You can query its content via the method
-# result? or string?.
+# This HTML dump (the long string mentioned already) is stored in the
+# instance variable :html_string, which is kept within @internal_hash.
+# You can query its content via the method result? or string? or
+# html_string?.
 #
 # The best way to use this class is to simply require it, firstly,
 # like by doing so:
 #
 #   require 'web_object'
-#   web_object = Cyberweb::WebObject.new
+#   web_object = Cyberweb::WebObject.new(ARGV)
 #
 # Afterwards, you can set the specific slots that you want to use on
 # the object individually, or in a batch-variant by using a {} Hash.
@@ -28,6 +29,14 @@
 # Once you have initiated a new web-object, there are several different
 # ways how to use that web-object.
 # =========================================================================== #
+# The typical layout of a .html page should be similar to this:
+#
+#   <!DOCTYPE html>
+#   <html lang="en">
+#   <head>
+#   <meta charset="utf-8"/>
+#
+# =========================================================================== #
 # The global CSS object follows this API here:
 #
 #   Cyberweb::WebObject.new {{
@@ -47,64 +56,3683 @@ require 'cyberweb/base/base.rb'
 module Cyberweb
-class WebObject < Base # === Cyberweb::WebObject
+class WebObject < ::Cyberweb::Base # === Cyberweb::WebObject
   require 'stringio'
+  require 'cyberweb/requires/require_web_images.rb'
   require 'html_tags/base/base_module.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/constants/array_local_css_files.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/constants/nl.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/constants/standalone_constants.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/coloured_tags/coloured_tags.rb'
   require 'cyberweb/configuration/load_the_configuration_file.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/evaluate.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/constants/constants.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/classes/tooltips.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/debug/debug.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/javascript/dragula_collection.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/javascript/javascript.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/fieldset.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/form.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/img.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/input.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/table.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/textarea.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/predefined_and_freeform_methods/predefined_methods.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/requires/require_web_images.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/requires/require_the_toplevel_methods_files.rb'
+  Cyberweb.require_toplevel_methods_files # Pull in all cyberweb/toplevel_methods/ here.
+  begin
+    require 'beautiful_url/toplevel_methods/local_menu.rb'
+  rescue LoadError; end
+  require 'cyberweb/web_object/display_output_and_report.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/web_object/english.rb'
   require 'cyberweb/web_object/favicon.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/html_related_tags.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/web_object/html_tags.rb'
   require 'cyberweb/web_object/images.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/initialize.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/input_related_functionality.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/javascript.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/languages.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/web_object/link.rb'
+  require 'cyberweb/web_object/javascript_and_jquery.rb'
   require 'cyberweb/web_object/misc.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/params.rb'
   require 'cyberweb/web_object/reset.rb'
   require 'cyberweb/web_object/run.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/sinatra_related_functionality.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/sitemap.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/web_object/table.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/name_of_img_dir.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/listing.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/quote.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/pdf.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/misc.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/sanitize_url.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/title.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/pdf.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/svg.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/css.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/return_html_to_head_start.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/show_configuration.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/string_body_start.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/web_object.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/coloured_tags/coloured_tags.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/debug/debug.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/classes/tooltips.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/predefined_and_freeform_methods/predefined_methods.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/javascript/popup.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/javascript/javascript_bundle.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/javascript/drag_and_drop.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/requires/require_web_images.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/img.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/form.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/textarea.rb'
-  require 'cyberweb/html_tags/fieldset.rb'
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === NAMESPACE
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  NAMESPACE = inspect
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === initialize
+  #
+  # Do note that all the methods that must be run everytime a new
+  # web_object is instantiated, are bundled together in the method
+  # called run().
+  #
+  # As of March 2014 the option to pass an argument to this class
+  # was re-enabled again. This can be used to pass a HTML string
+  # into the class as-is.
+  #
+  # An invocation example for this follows:
+  #
+  #   x = Cyberweb::WebObject.new('<html><head></head><body><h1>Hello world!</body></html>')
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def initialize(
+      commandline_arguments = ARGV,
+      run_already           = true,
+      &block
+    )
+    reset
+    set_commandline_arguments(
+      commandline_arguments
+    )
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Designate a default title, if the configuration option determines so.
+    # This should come BEFORE we handle blocks but AFTER we called
+    # set_commandline_arguments().
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    set_title('SELF_NO_EXT') if use_title_automatically?
+    if block_given?
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Handle all blocks given to this method. This should come after
+      # we called set_title().
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      handle_these_calls(yield)
+    end
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Next register this as the new web-object. This should come AFTER
+    # we handled block invocation via .handle_these_calls().
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    ::Cyberweb.set_web_object(self)
+    run if run_already
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table3
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table3(
+      css_class = '',
+      id        = '',
+      css_style = '',
+      *content,
+      &block
+    )
+    addn(
+      string_table3(
+        css_class,
+        id,
+        css_style,
+        content,
+        &block
+      )
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_table3
+  #
+  # We will delegate towards Cyberweb.string_table3 for the
+  # functionality here.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_table3(
+      css_class = '',
+      id        = '',
+      css_style = '',
+      *content,
+      &block
+    )
+    ::Cyberweb.string_table3(
+      css_class,
+      id,
+      css_style,
+      content,
+      &block
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_table2
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_table2(
+      css_class = '',
+      the_id    = '',
+      css_style = '',
+      *content,
+      &block
+    )
+    ::Cyberweb.string_table2(
+      css_class,
+      the_id,
+      css_style,
+      content,
+      &block
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_table2_with_heading
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_table2_with_heading(
+      css_class = '',
+      id        = '',
+      css_style = '',
+      *content
+    )
+    ::Cyberweb.string_table2_with_heading(
+      css_class, id, css_style,
+      content
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table2
+  #
+  # This variant maks a two-elements-per-row HTML table.
+  #
+  # The last variable is the content; keep it even, if possible, e. g
+  # 2 elements or 4 or 6 and so forth.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table2(
+      css_class = '',
+      id        = '',
+      css_style = '',
+      *content,
+      &block
+    )
+    addn(
+      string_table2(
+        css_class,
+        id,
+        css_style,
+        content.flatten,
+        &block
+      )
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add_simple_javascript_calculator
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add_simple_javascript_calculator
+    add_javascript_file :simple_calculator
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.return_html_code_for_the_javascript_calculator
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === attach_these_constants
+  #
+  # This is an "alternative" to "include Foobar" code.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def attach_these_constants(i)
+    Object.send(:include, i)
+  end; alias fancy_extend   attach_these_constants # === fancy_extend
+       alias make_available attach_these_constants # === make_available
+       alias smart_include  attach_these_constants # === smart_include
+       alias adhoc_include  attach_these_constants # === adhoc_include
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cmd1
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cmd1(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = ::Cyberweb.command1?,
+      &block
+    )
+    if block_given? and (yield == :no_break)
+      ee(
+        string_span(i, optional_css_class)
+      )
+    else
+      e(i, optional_css_class)
+    end
+  end; alias cmd cmd1 # === cmd
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_css_for_tetris
+  #
+  # This is the CSS that will be returned when we want to enable the small
+  # tetris-game that is distributed with the cyberweb project.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_css_for_tetris
+    return ::Cyberweb.return_css_for_tetris
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === oop_div
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def oop_div(
+      a, b = nil, &block
+    )
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb::Objectified::HtmlTags::Div.new(a, b, &block).to_s
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === serve_webpage                                 (serve tag, main serve)
+  #
+  # This will do the actual serving the webpage part.
+  #
+  # It can only serve @result, so you should have built up your web_object
+  # already before calling this method here.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def serve_webpage(
+      also_display = true
+    )
+    case also_display
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :default
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :default
+      also_display = true
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :do_not_display_anything
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :do_not_display_anything
+      also_display = false
+    end
+    @internal_hash[:already_served] = true
+    check_syntax_then_compress_the_main_string_then_remove_newlines
+    _ = main_string?
+    display if also_display
+    return _ # We always return the main string here.
+  end; alias serve       serve_webpage # === serve
+       alias serv        serve_webpage # === serv
+       alias ser         serve_webpage # === ser
+       alias start       serve_webpage # === start
+       alias serve_again serve_webpage # === serve_again
+       alias do_serve    serve_webpage # === do_serve
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === path?
+  #
+  # Reader method for the @fixed_path variable, which stores the relative
+  # path to our LOCALHOST.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def path?
+    ::Cyberweb.converted_path
+  end; alias fixed_path path? # === fixed_path
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === meta_collection?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def meta_collection?
+    @internal_hash[:meta_collection]
+  end
+  # ======================================================================= #
+  # === append_meta_collection
+  # ======================================================================= #
+  def append_meta_collection
+    append(
+      return_meta_collection
+    )
+  end; alias append_the_meta_collection append_meta_collection # === append_the_meta_collection
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === meta_description
+  #
+  # Usage example for this method:
+  #
+  #   meta_description 'This is a sitemap.'
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def meta_description(
+      i = '20.08.2021'
+    )
+    @internal_hash[:meta_collection] <<
+      '<meta name="description"           content="'+i.to_s+'"/>'+"\n"
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add_relevant_meta_entries
+  #
+  # This will instantly append onto @_.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add_relevant_meta_entries(
+      honour_checks = true
+    )
+    case honour_checks
+    # === :ignore_checks
+    when :ignore_checks
+      honour_checks = false
+    end
+    if honour_checks and use_unicode?
+      add_unicode_charset
+    else
+      add_unicode_charset
+    end
+  end
+  # ======================================================================= #
+  # === return_html_to_head_start
+  #
+  # This method will delegate to a toplevel method and ultimately
+  # return a String such as:
+  #
+  #   "Content-type: text/html\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>\n"
+  #
+  # ======================================================================= #
+  def return_html_to_head_start
+    ::Cyberweb.return_html_to_head_start
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === p_default
+  #
+  # This is similar to p(), but the implicit CSS class 'default' will
+  # be used.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def p_default(
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      the_id             = '',
+      optional_css_style = '',
+      &block
+    )
+    if optional_css_class.is_a? Hash
+      if optional_css_class.has_key? :id
+        the_id = optional_css_class.delete(:id)
+      end
+      if optional_css_class.is_a?(Hash) and optional_css_class.empty?
+        optional_css_class = ''
+      end
+    end
+    optional_css_class = optional_css_class.to_s.dup
+    optional_css_class.prepend('default ') # Make it the first argument.
+    p(
+      optional_css_class.strip,
+      the_id,
+      optional_css_style,
+      &block
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === create_database
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def create_database
+    case database?
+    when :sqlite
+      require 'sqlite3'
+      db = SQLite3::Database.new '/Depot/j/test.db' # Open a database
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Create a database
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # rows = db.execute <<-SQL
+      db.execute <<-SQL
+        create table numbers (
+          name varchar(30),
+          val int
+        );
+SQL
+      {
+        'one' => 1,
+        'two' => 2,
+      }.each { |pair|
+        db.execute 'insert into numbers values ( ?, ? )', pair
+      }
+      # Execute inserts with parameter markers
+      db.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, email, grade, blog)
+                  VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)", ['joe', 'hoe@hotmail.com', '5', 'yo'])
+      # Find a few rows
+      db.execute( "select * from numbers" ) do |row|
+        p row
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === slight_indent
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def slight_indent(i = '', optional_css_class = '')
+    e i, "padl0_5em #{optional_css_class}"
+  end; alias slight_ind slight_indent # === slight_ind
+       alias sind       slight_indent # === sind
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === frage
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def frage(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = ''
+    )
+    h2 i, optional_css_class
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === fragebr
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def fragebr(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = ''
+    )
+    frage(i, optional_css_class)
+    br
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === do_show_sys_info
+  #
+  # This method will show some system-related information about the
+  # environment.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def do_show_sys_info(
+      css_class = 'FS1_1em bblack1 pad1empx BG_Black White'
+    )
+    div(css_class,'','margin:0.25em'){
+      h2 sg(:wings,'marr8px')+'Displaying some Sys Info stuff:',
+         'lightblue'
+      p('pad4px'){
+        uptime = `uptime`
+        e 'Uptime since:','lgreen BOLD'
+        br
+        e uptime,'yel padl1em'
+      }
+      p('pad4px'){
+        ruby_version = `ruby --version`
+        e 'Ruby version:','lgreen BOLD'
+        br
+        e ruby_version,'yel padl1em BOLD'
+        br
+        ruby_gem_version = `gem --version`
+        e 'Ruby gem version:','lgreen BOLD'
+        br
+        e ruby_gem_version,'yel padl1em BOLD'
+        br
+        path_to_the_rubygem_installation_directory = Gem.vendor_dir
+        e 'Ruby installation directory:','lgreen BOLD'
+        br
+        e path_to_the_rubygem_installation_directory,'yel padl1em'
+        ruby_user_home = Gem.user_home
+        br
+        e 'Ruby user home:','lgreen BOLD'
+        br
+        e ruby_user_home.to_s,'yel padl1em'
+      }
+      p('pad4px mart0_2em') {
+        e 'Free Memory:','lgreen BOLD'
+        free = `free -l`
+        pre free
+      }
+      begin
+        p('pad4px mart0_2em'){
+          e 'Hdparm Settings:','lgreen BOLD'
+          # bl $LINUX_YAML/*roeb*
+          festplatte = '/dev/sda1'
+          hdparm = `hdparm -Tt #{festplatte}`
+          e hdparm,'yel padl1em'
+          br
+          e 'CPU-Info:','lgreen BOLD'
+          if File.exist? '/proc/cpuinfo' # We can run this only when that file exists.
+            begin
+              cpuinfo = `cat /proc/cpuinfo`
+              pre cpuinfo,'default'
+            rescue; end
+          end
+        }
+      rescue; end
+      h4 sg(:black_dot, 'marr10px')+
+         'LSPCI','yellow'
+      p('pad4px mart0_2em'){
+        lspci = `lspci -v 2>&1`
+        pre lspci if lspci
+      }
+      p('pad4px mart0_2em'){
+        e 'Vmstat Settings:','lgreen'
+        vmstat=`vmstat`
+        pre vmstat
+        e 'Disk Free:','lgreen'
+        df=`df -ha`
+        df.gsub!(/\/dev\/hda1/,'<b class="lightblue">
+          <a href="file:///dev/">/dev/hda1</a></b>')
+        pre df
+      }
+    }
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === enable                                                   (enable tag)
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def enable(
+      what = 'scroll'
+    )
+    case what.to_s
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === predefine_squares
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when 'predefine_squares','predefinesquares','squares'
+      predefine_squares
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === drag_all_images
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when /drag(_|-)?all(_|-)?images$/,
+         'all_images',
+         '+images',
+         'images+'
+      enable_drag_all_images
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === scroll
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when 'scroll','default'
+      enable_scrolling
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === oop_progress
+  #
+  # The progress element represents the completion progress of a task. The
+  # method here will simply delegate towards the corresponding objectified
+  # HTML tag.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def oop_progress(
+      n_percent,
+      &block
+    )
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb::Objectified::HtmlTags::Progress.new(n_percent, &block).to_s
+    )
+  end; alias progress oop_progress # === progress
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === text
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def text(i)
+    Cyberweb::Objectified::HtmlTags::Span.new(i)
+  end; alias label_text text # === label_text
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === label
+  #
+  # This may look like so:
+  #
+  #   <label for="male">Male</label><br>
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def label(i)
+    addnl(
+      "<label>#{i}</label>"
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === oop_abbr
+  #
+  # This method makes use of the OOP variant for the abbr-html-tag.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def oop_abbr(a, b = nil)
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb::Objectified::HtmlTags::Abbr.new(a, b).to_s
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_css_style_for_the_triangle_isosceles_bubble
+  #
+  # This method will return two CSS classes, which can be used if you
+  # want to make use of CSS bubbles. Currently only the downwards-facing
+  # triangle is available.
+  #
+  # The original source has been adapted from here:
+  #
+  #   http://nicolasgallagher.com/pure-css-speech-bubbles/demo/
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_css_style_for_the_triangle_isosceles_bubble(
+      additional_css_rules = ''
+    )
+    if additional_css_rules and additional_css_rules.empty?
+      additional_css_rules = 'margin: 1em 0 3em;'
+    end
+    return '.triangle_isosceles_bubble {
+  position:relative;
+  padding:15px;
+  '+additional_css_rules.to_s+';
+  width:500px;
+  color:#000;
+  background:#f3961c; /* default background for browsers without gradient support */
+  /* css3 */
+  background:linear-gradient(#f9d835, #f3961c);
+  border-radius:10px;
+  border: 1px solid black;
+}
+/* This class creates the triangle that faces downwards */
+.triangle_isosceles_bubble:after {
+  content:"";
+  position:absolute;
+  bottom:-13px; /* value = - border-top-width - border-bottom-width */
+  left:30px;    /* controls the horizontal position */
+  border-width: 15px 15px 0; /* vary these values to change the angle of the vertex */
+  border-style: solid;
+  border-color: #f3961c transparent;
+  display:block;
+  width:0;
+}'
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === colour_gradient_left_to_right
+  #
+  # This method will "return" a CSS class, for a colour-gradient left to
+  # right.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def colour_gradient_left_to_right(
+      colour1 = :steelblue,
+      colour2 = :darkgreen,
+      css_name_that_will_be_returned = '.gradient1'
+    )
+    return "#{css_name_that_will_be_returned} {
+  background: linear-gradient(to right, #{colour1}, #{colour2});
+}"
+  end; alias colour_gradient colour_gradient_left_to_right # === colour_gradient
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === colour_gradient_right_to_left
+  #
+  # This method will "return" a CSS class, for a colour-gradient left to
+  # right.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def colour_gradient_right_to_left(
+      colour1 = :steelblue,
+      colour2 = :darkgreen,
+      css_name_that_will_be_returned = '.gradient1'
+    )
+    return "#{css_name_that_will_be_returned} {
+  background: linear-gradient(to left, #{colour1}, #{colour2});
+}"
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === css_class_or_no_class
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def css_class_or_no_class(i = '')
+    unless i.to_s.empty?
+      i = " class=\"#{i}\""
+    end
+    return i
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === use_monospace_font
+  #
+  # By default this will use the "Lucida Console" font.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def use_monospace_font(
+      use_this_font = '"Lucida Console", Monaco, monospace'
+    )
+    use_this_font = use_this_font.dup if use_this_font.frozen?
+    use_this_font << ';' unless use_this_font.end_with? ';'
+    append_to_css_style '
+body {
+  font-family: '+use_this_font+'
+}
+    '
+  end; alias monospace_font use_monospace_font # === monospace_font
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add_this_remote_css_page
+  #
+  # Use this method in order to include a remote css file.
+  #
+  # The argument to this method should be the remote URL that
+  # you want to access.
+  #
+  # Please use use this method solely for remote URLs.
+  #
+  # Specific Usage Example:
+  #
+  #   css_remote_url 'http://www.playgroundblues.com/media/stylesheets/screen.css'
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add_this_remote_css_page(i)
+    addnl(
+      '<link rel="stylesheet" href="'+i+'" type="text/css" media="screen">'
+    )
+  end; alias css_remote_url       add_this_remote_css_page # === css_remote_url
+       alias external_stylesheet  add_this_remote_css_page # === external_stylesheet
+       alias remote_css           add_this_remote_css_page # === remote_css
+       alias add_remote_css_page  add_this_remote_css_page # === add_remote_css_page
+       alias css_file=            add_this_remote_css_page # === css_file=
+       alias add_css_file         add_this_remote_css_page # === add_css_file
+       alias css_file             add_this_remote_css_page # === css_file
+       alias external_style_sheet add_this_remote_css_page # === external_style_sheet
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === check_whether_to_show_the_source_code
+  #
+  # This is the method that can display the source code of a given .cgi
+  # page.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def check_whether_to_show_the_source_code
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # We must also check whether the configuration file allows us to
+    # show the source code.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    if show_source? and ::Cyberweb.config['may_show_source']
+      _ = this_file?(:full_path)
+      ee '<html>'
+      ee '<head>'
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Add the following in order to enable on-click highlight at a later time.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      ee HtmlTags.style('.highlight {
+           background:yellow;
+         }')
+      ee '</head>'
+      ee '<body>'
+      ee 'Next displaying the source code of the file <b>'+_+'</b>'
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # The following has not yet been enabled. It shall follow this
+      # here:
+      #
+      #   http://jsfiddle.net/kB7u2/1/
+      #
+      # ===================================================================== #
+if false
+      output_this_javascript "
+      $('.stripe_table').hover(
+  function() {
+    $(this).addClass('highlight');
+  }, function() {
+    $(this).removeClass('highlight');
+  }
+)"
+end
+      dataset = File.readlines(_)
+      n_lines = dataset.size
+      ee '<h4>'+n_lines.to_s+' lines</h4>'
+      ee '<pre>'
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Presently, we will always display the index-number.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      dataset.each_with_index {|content, index|
+        index += 1
+        ee '<span class="line_'+index.to_s+'"><b>'+index.to_s.ljust(5)+'</b>'+content+'</span>'
+      }
+      ee '</pre>'
+      ee '</body></html>'
+      exit
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === display_this_file_without_comments
+  #
+  # This method is similar to the method defined above; it will
+  # read in the dataset, before it will then remove all parts
+  # after ' #' in a given line. Furthermore, any lines starting
+  # with '#' will also be removed entirely.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def display_this_file_without_comments(
+      this_file,
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = '',
+      optional_css_style = '',
+      &block
+    )
+    display_this_file(
+      this_file,
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = '',
+      optional_css_style
+    ) { :strip_the_parts_after_a_comment }
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === white_font
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def white_font
+    add_this_css_style(
+      'body { color: white; }'
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === listing_css
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def listing_css(i)
+    ::Cyberweb.listing_css_object = i
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === created_when
+  #
+  # This method can be used to add a meta-tag to the web-object (web-page)
+  # at hand.
+  #
+  # To read more on that meta-tag, look here:
+  #
+  #   https://dublincore.org/resources/userguide/publishing_metadata/#dcterms:created
+  #
+  # Usage example:
+  #
+  #   created_when('22.10.2021')
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def created_when(
+      i = '20.08.2021'
+    )
+    @internal_hash[:additional_meta_collection] =
+      '<meta name="DCTERMS.created"           content="'+i.to_s+'"/>'
+  end; alias created_on created_when # === created_on
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === autotitle
+  #
+  # This will simply capitalize the title in use.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def autotitle
+    set_title :capitalized
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === black_background
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def black_background
+    set_background(:black)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_newline
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_newline
+    append :newline
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_path_to_dragula_js_file
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_path_to_dragula_js_file
+    append(
+      '<script src="'+path_to_data?+
+      'CODE/javascript/dragula.js" type="text/javascript"></script>'+N
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_chead_tag
+  #
+  # Close the html <head> tag here. We also append a newline.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_chead_tag
+    append "</head>\n"
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === tag
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def tag(
+      this_tag,
+      optional_css_class  = '',
+      optional_the_id     = '',
+      optional_css_style  = '',
+      optional_javascript = ''
+    )
+    _ = '<'+this_tag.to_s+
+        css_class_or_no_class(optional_css_class)+
+        id_or_no_id(optional_the_id)+
+        css_style_or_no_style(optional_css_style).dup
+    if optional_javascript and !optional_javascript.empty?
+      _ << ' javascript="'+javascript+'"'
+    end
+    _ << '>'
+    addnl(_)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === escape_html
+  #
+  # Simply delegate towards the class-method here.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def escape_html(i)
+    addnl(
+      htmlescape(i)
+    )
+  end; alias htmlsanitize         escape_html # === htmlsanitize
+       alias return_htmlentities  escape_html # === return_htmlentities
+       alias return_htmlsanitized escape_html # === return_htmlsanitized
+       alias html_ready           escape_html # === html_ready
+       alias html_escape          escape_html # === html_escape
+       alias htitties             escape_html # === htitties
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === inject_this_onto_that
+  #
+  # This has been added specifically for SimpleWidgets support. Highly
+  # experimental as of September 2021.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def inject_this_onto_that(
+      this,
+      that
+    )
+    position = that.to_s.index('</div>')
+    that[position,0] = this
+    return that
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === spacer                                                   (spacer tag)
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def spacer(
+      i                  = :middle,
+      optional_css_class = ''
+    )
+    case i
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :middle
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :middle,
+         :center,
+         :default
+      result = sg(
+        :spacer,
+        optional_css_class,
+        '',
+        'text-align:   center;
+         display:      block;
+         margin-left:  auto;
+         margin-right: auto;'
+      )
+    end
+    addnl(
+      result
+    )
+  end; alias trenner          spacer # === trenner
+       alias spalter          spacer # === spalter
+       alias space            spacer # === space
+       alias spacer_center    spacer # === spacer_center
+       alias beautiful_spacer spacer # === beautiful_spacer
+       alias fancy_spacer     spacer # === fancy_spacer
+       alias fancy_separator  spacer # === fancy_separator
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === hspacer
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def hspacer
+    spacer(:center)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === register_the_constants?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def register_the_constants?
+    @internal_hash[:register_the_constants]
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === consider_loading_addons_based_on_the_config_file
+  #
+  # This presently only attempts to load prawn.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def consider_loading_addons_based_on_the_config_file
+    if use_prawn?
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Then we try to load prawn. We are silent about this.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      begin
+        require 'prawn'
+      rescue LoadError; end
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === do_show_source
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def do_show_source
+    @internal_hash[:show_source] = true
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === show_source?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def show_source?
+    @internal_hash[:show_source]
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === is_a_sinatra_application?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def is_a_sinatra_application?
+    @internal_hash[:is_a_sinatra_application]
+  end; alias uses_sinatra?         is_a_sinatra_application? # === uses_sinatra?
+       alias are_we_using_sinatra? is_a_sinatra_application? # === are_we_using_sinatra?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === is_a_sinatra_application
+  #
+  # Setter method to designate a given application as a sinatra-application.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def is_a_sinatra_application
+    @internal_hash[:is_a_sinatra_application] = true
+  end; alias enable_sinatra_application is_a_sinatra_application # === enable_sinatra_application
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === set_web_const
+  #
+  # Easier, internal wrapper towards setting a constant.
+  #
+  # All constants will be registered inside the variable
+  # @array_predefined_constants, and the method here will ensure that.
+  #
+  # Currently the css class which we will use is hardset. I am not sure
+  # if we should be able to change this, and if so, how to alter it.
+  # For now it will stay as it is.
+  #
+  # Notice that this method requires the string_img() method to exist,
+  # aliased to sg(), which is defined as part of the module Cyberweb.
+  #
+  # The constant ARRAY_PREDEFINED_CONSTANTS is defined in the file
+  # bl $CYBER/constants/constants.rb
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def set_web_const(
+      name_of_the_constant,
+      symbol,
+      css_class_to_use = 'marr4px'
+    )
+    array_predefined_constants = ::Cyberweb.array_predefined_constants?
+    unless array_predefined_constants.include? name_of_the_constant
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # The next line will store the constant in a top-level variable, the
+      # one referenced by Cyberweb.array_predefined_constants?
+      # We will set on the Cyberweb namespace.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      array_predefined_constants << name_of_the_constant
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # The following code was disabled as of 07.08.2018. We do not want to
+      # pollute the main Object namespace, so the constants now reside
+      # within the Cyberweb "namespace" instead.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      #   Object.const_set(
+      #     name_of_the_constant, ::Cyberweb.sg(symbol, css_class_to_use)
+      #   )
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # The constants will typically be like:
+      #   Cyberweb::PFEIL_RECHTS
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # In October 2021 the following "if use_jquery?" line was removed.
+      # You now have to specifically enable 'drag_' for the image ID
+      # if you need draggable images here.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # if use_jquery?
+      #   use_this_as_the_image = sg(symbol, css_class_to_use) { :drag }
+      # else
+        use_this_as_the_image = sg(symbol, css_class_to_use)
+      # end
+      ::Cyberweb.const_set(
+        name_of_the_constant,
+        use_this_as_the_image
+      )
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === register_constants                         (constants tag, const tag)
+  #
+  # This is a convenience method. It will register some constants
+  # which can then be used in your web-app.
+  #
+  # This will set constants such as Cyberweb::ALERT or Cyberweb::HANGMAN.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def register_constants
+    set_web_const 'ALERT',         :ausrufungszeichen
+    set_web_const 'AUSRUFUNG',     :ausrufungszeichen
+    set_web_const 'ANMERKUNG',     :ausrufungszeichen
+    set_web_const 'ANM',           :ausrufungszeichen
+    set_web_const 'WICHTIG',       :ausrufungszeichen
+    set_web_const 'HANGMAN',       :hangman
+    set_web_const 'HALLOWEEN',     :halloween
+    set_web_const 'EXTERNAL',      :external
+    set_web_const 'EXTERN',        :external
+    set_web_const 'DONE_IMAGE',    :checkbox_on
+    set_web_const 'DONE',          :checkbox_on
+    set_web_const 'DOT1',          :dot1
+    set_web_const 'DOT2',          :dot2
+    set_web_const 'DOT3',          :dot3
+    set_web_const 'DOT4',          :dot4
+    set_web_const 'DOT5',          :dot5
+    set_web_const 'DOT6',          :dot6
+    set_web_const 'DOT7',          :dot7
+    set_web_const 'DOT8',          :dot8
+    set_web_const 'DOT9',          :dot9
+    set_web_const 'DOT10',         :dot10
+    set_web_const 'DOT11',         :dot11
+    set_web_const 'DOT12',         :dot12
+    set_web_const 'LENS',          :lens
+    set_web_const 'LEAF',          :leaf
+    set_web_const 'LEAF2',         :leaf2
+    set_web_const 'MONEY',         :money
+    set_web_const 'NEW',           :new
+    set_web_const 'NEWS',          :new
+    set_web_const 'RUBY',          :ruby
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL1',        :pfeil1
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL2',        :pfeil2
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL3',        :pfeil3
+    set_web_const 'HTML_LINK_IMG', :pfeil3
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL4',        :pfeil4
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL5',        :pfeil5
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL6',        :pfeil6
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL7',        :pfeil7
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL8',        :pfeil8
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL9',        :pfeil9
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL10',       :pfeil10
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL11',       :pfeil11
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL12',       :pfeil12
+    set_web_const 'PFEIL_RECHTS',  :pfeil_rechts
+  end; alias do_define_convenience_constants register_constants # === do_define_convenience_constants
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === parse_from_this_html_file
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def parse_from_this_html_file(
+      i          =
+        '/home/x/programming/ruby/src/cyberweb/test/simple_tests/simple_html_test_page/simple_html_test_page.html',
+      be_verbose = true
+    )
+    do_not_use_the_internal_CSS_files # The new .html file must be simple.
+    if i.is_a? Array
+      i = i.first
+    end
+    if File.exist? i
+      if be_verbose
+        puts 'Now parsing the file '+i+'.'
+      end
+      dataset = File.read(i)
+      regex_for_the_title = /<title>([a-zA-Z0-9 \n]+)<\/title>/ # See: https://rubular.com/r/atTe48o6iPG1TU
+      if dataset.include?('<title')
+        dataset =~ regex_for_the_title
+        set_title($1)
+      end
+      regex_for_the_body = /<body>([\s\S]+)<\/body>/ # See: https://rubular.com/r/MhMR6p3eylZVZo
+      if dataset.include?('<body')
+        dataset =~ regex_for_the_body
+        set_body_content($1)
+      end
+    end
+    @internal_hash[:save_into_this_html_page] = return_pwd+
+                                                'new_file_'+
+                                                File.basename(i).delete_suffix('.html')+
+                                                '.html'
+    build_up_the_html_string
+  end; alias parse_from_this_html_file= parse_from_this_html_file # === parse_from_this_html_file=
+       alias parse_html_file=           parse_from_this_html_file # === parse_html_file=
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_body_tag
+  #
+  # Open up the body-tag.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_body_tag
+    addnl(
+      return_body_tag
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === use_utf
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def use_utf
+    set_encoding_to_use :utf # ← Better to pass it through a method.
+  end; alias use_utf8         use_utf # === use_utf8
+       alias use_unicode      use_utf # === use_unicode
+       alias use_utf_encoding use_utf # === use_utf_encoding
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === save                                                       (save tag)
+  #
+  # This method will store the "HTML" stored inside the main string at
+  # the variable :html_string into a local file.
+  #
+  # The first argument denotes the name of the file at hand, stored as
+  # a .html file always.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def save(
+      what                 = html_string?,
+      use_this_as_filename = title?.to_s,
+      into                 = :default
+    )
+    log_dir = log_dir?
+    case use_this_as_filename
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :default
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :default
+      use_this_as_filename = title?.to_s.tr(' ','_')
+    end
+    case into
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :save_into_this_html_page
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :save_into_this_html_page
+      into = save_into_this_html_page?
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :default
+    #
+    # Build the filename here.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :default
+      into = log_dir+
+             use_this_as_filename.to_s+'.html'
+    end
+    mkdir(log_dir) unless File.directory? log_dir
+    message = "Storing into the file #{into}."
+    puts message
+    e message
+    write_what_into(what, into)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === espan_no_newline
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def espan_no_newline(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = '',
+      optional_css_style = ''
+    )
+    add(
+      string_s2(
+        i.to_s,
+        optional_css_class,
+        optional_the_id,
+        optional_css_style
+      )
+    )
+  end; alias eee espan_no_newline # === eee
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === anm
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def anm(
+      i                  = '', # Should be an empty String.
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = '',
+      optional_css_style = ''
+    )
+    addn(
+      sg(:anmerkung, 'marr5px')+
+      string_span(
+        i, optional_css_class, optional_the_id, optional_css_style
+      )
+    )
+  end; alias anmerkung anm # === anmerkung
+  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/markdown.rb'
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === markdown
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def markdown(i = '')
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.markdown(i)
+    )
+  end; alias markdown_display_this_file markdown # === markdown_display_this_file
+       alias read_and_display_markdown  markdown # === read_and_display_markdown
+       alias show_md                    markdown # === show_md
+       alias display_markdown           markdown # === display_markdown
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add_svg_table
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add_svg_table(
+      i = 'fancy_table'
+    )
+    addnl(
+      Cyberweb.return_svg_table(i)
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === log                                                         (log tag)
+  #
+  # This is the general log-related method. For now it simply saves into
+  # a default file.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def log(what)
+    into = log_dir?+'default.log'
+    save(what, :default, into)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === save_into_this_html_page?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def save_into_this_html_page?
+    @internal_hash[:save_into_this_html_page]
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_lateron?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_lateron?
+    @internal_hash[:string_lateron]
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add_javascript_file
+  #
+  # This will show the javascript-file as-is. It can only be used for
+  # javascript code that is bundled within the cyberweb project, as-is.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add_javascript_file(i)
+    if i.is_a? Symbol
+      case i
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # === :simple_calculator
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      when :simple_calculator
+        i = File.absolute_path(
+              project_base_dir?+'javascript_code/simple_calculator.js'
+            )
+      end
+      if i and File.exist?(i)
+        i = File.read(i)
+      end
+    end
+    addnl(
+      "<script>\n"+
+      i.to_s+
+      "</script>\n"
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === set_body_content
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def set_body_content(i)
+    @internal_hash[:body_content] = i.to_s.dup
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === body_content?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def body_content?
+    @internal_hash[:body_content]
+  end; alias body_string? body_content? # === body_string?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cmd2
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cmd2(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = ::Cyberweb.command2?
+    )
+    e(i, optional_css_class)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cmd3
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cmd3(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = ::Cyberweb.command3?
+    )
+    e(i, optional_css_class)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cmd1_is
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cmd1_is(i)
+    Cyberweb.internal_hash?[:cmd1] = i
+  end; alias cmd_is cmd1_is # === cmd_is
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cmd2_is
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cmd2_is(i)
+    Cyberweb.internal_hash?[:cmd2] = i
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cmd3_is
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cmd3_is(i)
+    Cyberweb.internal_hash?[:cmd3] = i
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cmd_pre
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cmd_pre(i)
+    splitted = i.split(N)
+    splitted.each {|entry| cmd(entry) }
+  end; alias pre_cmd cmd_pre # === pre_cmd
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === col_cmd
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def col_cmd(
+      i           = '',
+      optional_id = ''
+    )
+    ee(
+      i, ::Cyberweb.internal_hash?[:col_cmd], optional_id
+    )
+  end; alias col col_cmd # === col
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_to_cmd1
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_to_cmd1(i = '')
+    ::Cyberweb.append_to_cmd1(i)
+  end; alias append_cmd1 append_to_cmd1 # === append_cmd1
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_to_cmd2
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_to_cmd2(i = '')
+    ::Cyberweb.append_to_cmd2(i)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_to_cmd3
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_to_cmd3(i = '')
+    ::Cyberweb.append_to_cmd3(i)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === random_linear_gradient_background
+  #
+  # This method generates gradients via linear-gradient().
+  #
+  # The first argument to linear-gradient() is the "degree".
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def random_linear_gradient_background
+    degree = (0..180).to_a.sample.to_s+'deg'
+    return 'background: linear-gradient('+degree+', '+random_colour+', '+random_colour+', '+random_colour+');'
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === linear_gradient_background
+  #
+  # Usage examples:
+  #
+  #   linear_gradient_background(90, :steelblue, :darkgreen, :tomato)
+  #   linear_gradient_background(90, :steelblue, :darkgreen, :royalblue)
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def linear_gradient_background(
+      degree_to_use = (0..180).to_a.sample.to_s+'deg',
+      colour1       = random_colour,
+      colour2       = random_colour,
+      colour3       = random_colour
+    )
+    degree_to_use = degree_to_use.to_s.dup
+    unless degree_to_use.end_with? 'deg'
+      degree_to_use << 'deg'
+    end
+    return 'background: linear-gradient('+
+              degree_to_use+', '+
+              colour1.to_s+', '+
+              colour2.to_s+', '+
+              colour3.to_s+
+            ');'
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === header_for_sitemap
+  #
+  # This is a header that can be used to generate a sitemap.
+  #
+  # Note that if it is used it will also automatically generate
+  # a sitemap on the top right of the page. This was one major
+  # reason why this method was created - I wanted to automatically
+  # use a sitemap if I use such a header.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def header_for_sitemap(i)
+    id = i.tr(' ','_').delete('⁺')
+    register_sitemap(i, id)
+    h2(i, '',id)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === register_sitemap
+  #
+  # Use only this method to register an id to a sitemap. This is
+  # done automatically when we invoke the method sitemap().
+  #
+  # This method will delegate towards the toplevel-method, on the Cyberweb
+  # namespace.
+  #
+  # If the second argument called `modify_input` is set to true, we
+  # will replace all occurrences of '_' with ' '. The reason for
+  # this is that HTML ids should not contain ' ' characters.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def register_sitemap(
+      i, modify_input = false
+    )
+    if i.is_a? Array
+      i.each {|entry|
+        register_sitemap(entry, modify_input)
+      }
+    else
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Next simply delegate onto the toplevel method called
+      # Cyberweb.register_sitemap().
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      ::Cyberweb.register_sitemap(i, modify_input)
+    end
+  end; alias add_to_sitemap register_sitemap # === register_sitemap
+       alias sitemap        register_sitemap # === sitemap
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === array_for_sitemap?
+  #
+  # Accessor-method towards the array-constant.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def array_for_sitemap?
+    ::Cyberweb.array_for_sitemap?
+  end; alias array_for_sitemap array_for_sitemap? # === array_for_sitemap
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === sitemap_array
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def sitemap_array(
+      *array
+    )
+    array = [array].flatten.compact
+    register_sitemap(array)
+    div('mars1em') {
+      h2 'Sitemap','gold BG_Black pad8px'
+      registered_sitemap?.each {|entry|
+        abr_self('#'+entry.downcase)
+      }
+    }
+    # autogenerated_sitemap # And call the autogenerated sitemap method at once.
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === autogenerated_sitemap
+  #
+  # This method will autogenerate a default Sitemap (an intralink).
+  #
+  # If the second argument for `optional_id` is :sort, then this method will
+  # sort the result first before displaying it.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def autogenerated_sitemap(
+      css_class          = '',
+      optional_id        = '', # This could be :sort.
+      optional_css_style = 'top: 2px; right: 2px; background-color: #eee;',
+      append_css         = true, # By default we will append more CSS rules.
+      &block
+    )
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Obtain the dataset first.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    registered_sitemaps = ::Cyberweb.array_registered_sitemaps?
+    css_for_li_elements = 'marl1px darkblue'
+    default_css_class_to_use = 'pad5px bblack1 black posab'
+    if block_given?
+      yielded = yield
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # === Handle Blocks next
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      if yielded.is_a? Hash
+        # =================================================================== #
+        # === :css_style
+        # =================================================================== #
+        if yielded.has_key? :css_style
+          _ = yielded.delete :css_style
+          default_css_class_to_use = ''
+          optional_css_style = _
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    case optional_id
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :sort
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :sort
+      registered_sitemaps.sort!
+      optional_id = ''
+    end
+    if css_class.empty?
+      if append_css # This is the default.
+        css_class = css_class.dup if css_class.frozen?
+        css_class << " #{default_css_class_to_use}"
+      end
+    else # Else, user passed arguments here.
+      css_class = css_class.dup if css_class.frozen?
+      css_class << " #{default_css_class_to_use}"
+    end
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Next comes the <div> that will hold our sitemap. For now this
+    # will always be a <div> element.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    div(css_class, optional_id, optional_css_style) {
+      ee html_comment('Sitemap tag')
+      h2 'Sitemap','black whi martb2px pad2px s4px yel mar1px',
+         'SitemapHeader',
+         'background-color:darkblue;'
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Build up the proper <ul> tag next.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      ul(id: 'SitemapNavigation') {
+        registered_sitemaps.each { |sitemap_id|
+          ee '<li class="'+css_for_li_elements+'">'
+          a '#'+sanitize_id(sitemap_id),
+             content: sitemap_id,
+             css_class: 'darkblue'
+          ee '</li>'
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  end; alias show_sitemap    autogenerated_sitemap # === show_sitemap
+       alias display_sitemap autogenerated_sitemap # === display_sitemap
+       alias asitemap        autogenerated_sitemap # === asitemap
+       alias add_sitemap     autogenerated_sitemap # === add_sitemap
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === random_colour
+  #
+  # This method will return a random HTML colour, such as 'steelblue' or
+  # 'darkgreen'.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def random_colour
+    ::Cyberweb.all_html_colours.sample
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === registered_sitemap?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def registered_sitemap?
+    ::Cyberweb.array_registered_sitemaps?
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === colourize_ruby_code
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def colourize_ruby_code(i)
+    ::Cyberweb.colourize_ruby_code(i)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table7
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table7(
+      css_class = '', id = '', css_style = '', *content
+    )
+    addn(
+      string_table7(
+        css_class, id, css_style, content
+      )
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_table7
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_table7(
+      css_class = '', id = '', css_style = '', *content
+    )
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # To test, try:
+    #
+    #   puts ::Cyberweb.string_table5('','','',%w( ah asjhk avshvasjkh vajhksavjhk avsjhvashkjavs ))
+    #
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    ::Cyberweb.string_table7(
+      css_class, id, css_style, content
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_table5
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_table5(
+      css_class = '', id = '', css_style = '', *content
+    )
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # To test, try:
+    #
+    #   puts ::Cyberweb.string_table5('','','',%w( ah asjhk avshvasjkh vajhksavjhk avsjhvashkjavs ))
+    #
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    ::Cyberweb.string_table5(
+      css_class, id, css_style, content
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === parse_table
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def parse_table(*args)
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.parse_table(args)
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === n_steps_to_the_base_directory?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def n_steps_to_the_base_directory?
+    Cyberweb.n_slashes_towards_the_server_base_directory
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === id_or_no_id
+  #
+  # The second argument is in particular used for draggable images.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def id_or_no_id(
+      i            = '',
+      optional_url = nil
+    )
+    if i.is_a?(Hash) and i.has_key?(:id)
+      i = i.delete(:id)
+    end
+    unless i.to_s.empty?
+      case i
+      # =============================================================== #
+      # === :guess_draggable_id
+      # =============================================================== #
+      when :guess_draggable_id
+        i = 'drag_'+File.basename(optional_url).
+            gsub(File.extname(optional_url),'')
+      end
+      i = i.to_s
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # We enable drag-support next. Keep in mind that the input can be
+      # a symbol such as :drag, so we must check for that leading
+      # string.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      if i.start_with?('drag')
+        register_this_id(i)
+      end
+      i = " id=\"#{i}\""
+    end
+    i
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === embed_this_pdf
+  #
+  # This method can be used to embed a .pdf file into your page. Using
+  # width and height values is recommended but not mandatory.
+  #
+  # For more documentation, see these resources:
+  #
+  #   https://pdfobject.com/markup/
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def embed_this_pdf(
+      i,
+      also_enable_link = false
+    )
+    case also_enable_link
+    # === :also_enable_link
+    when :also_enable_link
+      also_enable_link = true
+    end
+    if also_enable_link
+      pdf_image = sg(:pdf,'marr6px','','width:28px') # The pdf image.
+      abr(i, content: pdf_image+'SELF_BASENAME')
+    end
+    result = '<object data="'+i.to_s+'" type="application/pdf" width="100%" height="100%">'+"\n"+
+             '</object>'
+    addnl(
+      result
+    )
+  end; alias embed_pdf           embed_this_pdf # === embed_pdf
+       alias add_pdf             embed_this_pdf # === add_pdf
+       alias embed_this_pdf_file embed_this_pdf # === embed_this_pdf_file
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === show_pdf
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def show_pdf(i)
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.embed_this_pdf(i)
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === htmlescape
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def htmlescape(i)
+    return ::Cyberweb.escape_html(i)
+  end; alias htmlentities htmlescape # === htmlentities
+       alias hescape      htmlescape # === hescape
+       alias htmltitties  htmlescape # === htmltitties
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table12_with_heading
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table12_with_heading(css_class = '', id = '', css_style = '', *content)
+    addn(
+      string_table12_with_heading(
+        css_class, id, css_style, content
+      )
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table11_with_heading
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table11_with_heading(css_class = '', id = '', css_style = '', *content)
+    addn(
+      string_table11_with_heading(
+        css_class, id, css_style, content
+      )
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_table11_with_heading
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_table11_with_heading(
+      css_class = '', id = '', css_style = '', *content
+    )
+    ::Cyberweb.string_table11_with_heading(
+      css_class, id, css_style,
+      content
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_table12_with_heading
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_table12_with_heading(css_class = '', id = '', css_style = '', *content)
+    ::Cyberweb.string_table12_with_heading(
+      css_class, id, css_style,
+      content
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_table5_with_heading
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_table5_with_heading(css_class = '', id = '', css_style = '', *content)
+    ::Cyberweb.string_table5_with_heading(
+      css_class, id, css_style,
+      content
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table5_with_heading
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table5_with_heading(css_class = '', id = '', css_style = '', *content)
+    addn(
+      string_table5_with_heading(
+        css_class, id, css_style, content
+      )
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table_set_css_class
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table_set_css_class(
+      i = 'marl2em'
+    )
+    ::Cyberweb::Table.set_css_class(i)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table_padding=
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table_padding=(i = 10)
+    ::Cyberweb::Table.padding = i
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table_clear
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table_clear
+    ::Cyberweb::Table.clear
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table_parse
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table_parse(*i)
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb::Table.parse(i)
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table2_from_this_file
+  #
+  # This variant will read from an existing file, ideally a markdown file
+  # .md. One row in the HTML table corresponds to one line in the original
+  # markdown file.
+  #
+  # Note that currently we will split on ':' which is hardcoded; not
+  # sure whether this will change in the future or not.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table2_from_this_file(
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = '',
+      optional_css_style = '',
+      this_file          = 'games_timeline.md'
+    )
+    if File.exist? this_file
+      dataset = File.readlines(this_file, encoding: 'UTF-8').reject {|line|
+        line.start_with?('#') or line.strip.empty? # Ignore comments and empty lines.
+      }
+      splitted_dataset = dataset.map {|entry|
+        if entry.include? ':'
+          splitted = entry.split(':')
+          entry = [
+            splitted[0 .. -2].join(':'),
+            splitted[-1].strip
+          ]
+        end
+        entry
+      }
+      dataset = splitted_dataset
+      table2(
+        optional_css_class,
+        optional_the_id,
+        optional_css_style,
+        *dataset
+      )
+    else
+      e '(line 5806) No file exists at '+this_file
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table2_with_heading
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table2_with_heading(
+      css_class = '',
+      id        = '',
+      css_style = '',
+      *content
+    )
+    addn(
+      string_table2_with_heading(
+        css_class,
+        id,
+        css_style,
+        content
+      )
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_table4
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_table4(
+      css_class = '',
+      the_id    = '',
+      css_style = '',
+      *content,
+      &block
+    )
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # To test, try:
+    #
+    #   puts ::Cyberweb.string_table4('','','',%w( ah asjhk avshvasjkh vajhksavjhk avsjhvashkjavs ))
+    #
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    ::Cyberweb.string_table4(
+      css_class,
+      the_id,
+      css_style,
+      content,
+      &block
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === display_all_images
+  #
+  # Use this when you just want to display all images.
+  #
+  # The first argument should be the location towards the
+  # directory that holds all images.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def display_all_images(
+      dir          = ::Cyberweb.return_pwd,
+      optional_css = 'bblack1'
+    )
+    if dir.is_a? Hash
+      dir = dir.delete(:from) if dir.has_key? :from
+    end
+    if dir.include? '$'
+      dir = ConvertGlobalEnv[dir]
+    end
+    unless Dir.exist? dir
+      e 'It seems as if the directory at `'+dir+'` does not exist.'
+    end
+    all_the_images = get_images_from(dir)
+    all_the_images.each {|file|
+      file = rds(file)
+      h3 file, 'slateblue'
+      imgbr(
+        file,
+        optional_css
+      )
+    }
+  end; alias display_images_from display_all_images # === display_images_from
+       alias display_images      display_all_images # === display_images
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === show_admin_icons
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def show_admin_icons
+    ::Cyberweb.show_admin_icons
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === table4
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def table4(
+      css_class = '',
+      the_id    = '',
+      css_style = '',
+      *content,
+      &block
+    )
+    addn(
+      string_table4(
+        css_class,
+        the_id,
+        css_style,
+        content,
+        &block
+      )
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === css_template1
+  #
+  # Before this method was added in April 2022 I used to invoke the
+  # method css_style() via :template1 as the first argument. Using
+  # a single method instead, aka css_template1(), made more sense
+  # though.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def css_template1
+    css_style :template1
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === css_style
+  #
+  # Use this method to define the css style for the given web object.
+  #
+  # If the last four characters of the argument provided to this method
+  # end with ".css" then this method will try to read the file specified
+  # therein. (In this case we assume that it must be a .css file that
+  # was passed into this method.)
+  #
+  # In order to use templates, do something like the following:
+  #
+  #   css_style = :template1
+  #
+  # :symbol names can be used, such as :template1, :template2
+  # and so forth. Alternatively, you can pass a String, or embed
+  # the template-variants via a format such as '#TEMPLATE1#', which
+  # will be substituted with whatever :template1 would normally
+  # return.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def css_style(
+      i = :default
+    )
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === Special handling of Symbols given here
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    if i.is_a? Symbol
+      case i
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # === :default
+      #
+      # This can be used like in this way:
+      #
+      #   css_style :template1
+      #
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      when :default,
+           :template,
+           :template1,
+           :css_template1
+        i = css_comment("Generated via `#{i}`")+
+            TEMPLATE1 # <- This is CSS/default.css
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # === :template2
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      when :template2
+        i = css_comment('Generated via `'+i.to_s+'`')+
+            TEMPLATE2
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # === :code
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      when :code
+        i = css_comment('Generated via `'+i.to_s+'`')+
+            CODE_TEMPLATE
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # === :template_ruby_regex
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      when :template_ruby_regex
+        i = css_comment('Generated via `'+i.to_s+'`')+
+            TEMPLATE_RUBY_REGEX
+      end
+      i = i.join('') if i.is_a? Array # Join them all.
+    end
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Next, substitute for #TEMPLATE1 macro.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    if i.to_s.include? '#TEMPLATE1'
+      i = i.dup if i.frozen?
+      i.gsub!(/#TEMPLATE1/, TEMPLATE1)
+    end
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Read in .css files here. This will only be done if a certain variable
+    # was set to true (which it is by default).
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    if i and i.end_with?('.css') and use_the_internal_CSS_files? # assume we pass a .css file here.
+      i = readlines(i).join('') if File.exist?(i)
+    end
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Next, we will always append to the @css_style instance variable.
+    # This allows os to build-up the CSS for a webpage.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    add_with_newline(
+      return_css_style(i)
+    )
+  end; alias main_css_style      css_style # === main_css_style
+       alias main_css            css_style # === main_css
+       alias main_style          css_style # === main_style
+       alias css_main_style      css_style # === css_main_style
+       alias css_class           css_style # === css_class
+       alias css_classes         css_style # === css_classes
+       alias c_style=            css_style # === c_style=
+       alias c_class=            css_style # === c_class=
+       alias css_style=          css_style # === css_style=
+       alias general_css=        css_style # === general_css=
+       alias css=                css_style # === css=
+       alias c1=                 css_style # === c1=
+       alias c1                  css_style # === c1
+       alias css_template=       css_style # === css_template=
+       alias css_main            css_style # === css_main
+       alias css_main_class      css_style # === css_main_class
+       alias css_code            css_style # === css_code
+       alias main_css_class      css_style # === main_css_class
+       alias css_style           css_style # === css_style
+       alias inline_css          css_style # === inline_css
+       alias append_to_css_style css_style # === append_to_css_style
+       alias append_this_css     css_style # === append_this_css
+       alias add_css_style       css_style # === add_css_style
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === draggable_img_base64
+  #
+  # This method has to respond to css_class and css_style as well. This
+  # may also be provided via a Hash.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def draggable_img_base64(
+      i,
+      css_class = '',
+      css_style = ''
+    )
+    if css_class.is_a? Hash
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # === :css_style
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      if css_class.has_key? :css_style
+        css_style = css_class.delete(:css_style)
+      end
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # === :css_class
+      #
+      # This variant must come last.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      if css_class.has_key? :css_class
+        css_class = css_class.delete(:css_class)
+      end
+    end
+    absolute_path_to_the_image = File.absolute_path(
+      path_to_the_main_image_directory?.to_s+
+      i.to_s
+    )
+    use_this_id = 'drag_'+File.basename(
+      absolute_path_to_the_image
+    ).delete_suffix(
+      File.extname(absolute_path_to_the_image)
+    ).downcase
+    dataset = convert_image_to_base64(absolute_path_to_the_image)
+    addnl(
+      return_base64_image(
+        dataset, :infer, css_class, use_this_id, css_style
+      )
+    )
+  end; alias draggable_base64img draggable_img_base64 # === draggable_base64img
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === local_image_or_remote_image
+  #
+  # This method can be used to add a substitute image in the event that
+  # a local image could not be found. Otherwise it behaves exactly like
+  # image() does.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def local_image_or_remote_image(
+      local_image             = '',
+      remote_image_substitute = '', # This one should be the remote URL.
+      optional_css_class      = '',
+      optional_the_id         = '',
+      optional_css_style      = '',
+      alt_text                = '',
+      &block
+    )
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # We first have to decide whether the image exists or whether it does
+    # not exist, at the specified location. If it exists then we can use
+    # the regular img() call; otherwise we have to use the second argument
+    # to this method.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    assumed_path = rds(
+      path_to_the_image_directory?+
+      local_image
+    )
+    if File.exist?(assumed_path) and !local_image.empty?
+      img(
+        local_image,
+        optional_css_class,
+        optional_the_id,
+        optional_css_style,
+        alt_text,
+        &block
+      )
+    else
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # else we use a remote URL or a rescue URL anyway.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      remote_img(
+        remote_image_substitute,
+        {
+          css_class: optional_css_class,
+          id:        optional_the_id,
+          css_style: optional_css_style
+        },
+        &block
+        # alt_text is currently not handled here.
+      )
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === alt_text_or_no_alt_text
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def alt_text_or_no_alt_text(i)
+    unless i.to_s.empty?
+      i = " alt=\"#{i}\""
+    end
+    return i
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === ibr
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def ibr(content, optional_css_class = '')
+    i(content)
+    br
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === string_bold
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def string_bold(
+      i = '', optional_css_class = '', optional_the_id = ''
+    )
+    optional_css_class = optional_css_class.to_s.dup
+    optional_css_class << ' BOLD'
+    string_s2(i, optional_css_class.strip, optional_the_id)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === bold
+  #
+  # This method will "create" an equivalent to the bold-tag.
+  #
+  # It must also keep backwards compatibility to invocations such
+  # as:
+  #
+  #   b 'Foobar:','yel'
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def bold(
+      i = '', optional_css_class = '', optional_the_id = ''
+    )
+    addnl(
+      string_bold(i, optional_css_class, optional_the_id)
+    )
+  end; alias b bold # === bold
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === ip_is_allowed?
+  #
+  # This will forbid serving the site to unallowed visitors.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def ip_is_allowed?
+    exit unless ALLOWED_IPS.include? VISITOR_IP
+  end; alias forbidden ip_is_allowed? # === forbidden
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === do_use_in_dir_images
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def do_use_in_dir_images
+    @config['use_in_dir_images'] = true
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Also keep track of the new path.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    ::Cyberweb.set_path_to_images('')
+  end; alias use_in_dir_images do_use_in_dir_images # === use_in_dir_images
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_only_duplicates
+  #
+  # This method will return only duplicates. The input should be an
+  # array.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_only_duplicates(array)
+    duplicates = []
+    array.each {|member| duplicates << member if array.count(member) > 1}
+    duplicates.reject! {|entry| entry.empty? }
+    duplicates.uniq
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_frame_string
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_frame_string
+    append @internal_hash[:frame_string]
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_chtml_tag
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_chtml_tag
+    append '</html>'+N
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_cbody_tag
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_cbody_tag
+    append '</body>'+N
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_cbody_and_chtml_tags
+  #
+  # This method will combine </body> and </html>.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_cbody_and_chtml_tags
+    append_cbody_tag
+    append_chtml_tag
+  end; alias finish   append_cbody_and_chtml_tags # === finish
+       alias finalize append_cbody_and_chtml_tags # === finalize
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === try_to_generate_pdf_file
+  #
+  # Use this method to generate a dump from a .cgi page.
+  #
+  # Invocation example from the commandline:
+  #
+  #   rf biotut ?pdf
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def try_to_generate_pdf_file
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # The directory where to generate our .pdf file into.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    base_dir = '/home/Temp/lighty/'
+    h2 'We will next generate a .pdf document of this webpage.'
+    which_file = base_dir+'hello_world.pdf'
+    which_file = base_dir+::Cyberweb.name_of_served_page?
+    this_pdf_file = which_file.gsub(/\.cgi/,'')+'.pdf'
+    target = ::Cyberweb.localhost?.to_s+ENV['SCRIPT_NAME']
+    begin
+      require 'serve_local_page'
+    rescue LoadError; end
+    if Object.const_defined? :ServeLocalPage
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Next, we will delegate towards class ServeLocalPage.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      dataset = ServeLocalPage.new(target, :dont_save).dataset?
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # This dataset contains all the HTML tags, which is not nice.
+      # So we will get rid of them. But this may be a problem
+      # lateron, so for now we won't do so.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # dataset = ::Cyberweb.remove_html(dataset)
+      delete_file(this_pdf_file) if File.exist? this_pdf_file
+      what = dataset
+      into = which_file.gsub(/\.pdf/,'').gsub(/\.cgi/,'')+'.html'
+      h3 'Storing into the .html file, by using wkhtmltopdf:
+      <b class="darkblue BG_White s5px">'+into+'</b>.'
+      a into, 'SELF',1,'marl3em'
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Next, create /Depot/Temp/lighty unless it already exists.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      unless File.directory? File.dirname(this_pdf_file)
+        mkdir(File.dirname(this_pdf_file))
+      end
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # Store into the .html page next.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      write_what_into(what, into)
+      h3 'Storing into .pdf file: <b class="darkblue BG_White s5px">'+this_pdf_file+'</b>.'
+      a(
+        this_pdf_file, content: 'SELF', css_class: 'marl3em'
+      )
+      br
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # We essentially have two ways to generate a .pdf file:
+      #
+      #   (1) by using wkhtmltopdf
+      #   (2) by using prawn
+      #
+      # (1) is more robust.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      use_wkhtmltopdf = true # Hack. :D
+      if use_wkhtmltopdf
+        _ = 'wkhtmltopdf '+into+' '+this_pdf_file
+        system _ # We are silent here.
+        # =================================================================== #
+        # Next, keep a reference to the generated .pdf file.
+        # =================================================================== #
+        ::Cyberweb.set_path_to_last_generated_pdf_document(
+          this_pdf_file
+        )
+      else # else use prawn.
+        Prawn::Document.generate(this_pdf_file, :page_size => 'A4') {
+          font 'Times-Roman'
+          text 'Hello Prawn!'
+          text(dataset)
+        }
+      end
+      spacer
+      e 'It is now available at `<b>'+which_file.gsub(/\.cgi/,'.html')+'</b>`.'
+      # spacer
+    end
+    spacer
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === show_all_registered_ids
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def show_all_registered_ids
+    h2 "Now showing all registered IDs of this page ("\
+       "#{name_of_served_page?}):"
+    all_ids?.each { |entry|
+      marl2em sg(:pfeil_rechts,'marr4px')+'`'+entry+'`', 'red'
+      if entry.include? ' '
+        anm('^^^ Please note that the entry above '+
+        '('+entry.to_s+') is invalid!','large red')
+      end
+    }
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_google_search_field
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_google_search_field
+    ee '<div id="PC_CENTER" class="s5px padtb3px wid44 martb2px posab bordorange1px" style="left:16em">
+    <form name="dict" method="GET" action="https://www.google.com/search" class="spads5px">
+    <p class="mar0">
+    <input type="text" name="q" value="" size="20" onFocus="(this.select())" class="LBlue BG_Black1 borddorange1px" accesskey="e"/>
+    <input type="image"  name="btnG" src="../IMG/STD/GOOGLE.png" alt="Google" accesskey="R" class="bordblack1px VAM"/>
+    <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"/>
+    <input type="hidden" name="oe" value="UTF-8"/>
+    <input type="hidden" name="hl" value="de"/>
+    </p>
+    </form>'
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_program_name
+  #
+  # This method will return the filename. So if you have an URL such as
+  # bla/webforum.cgi then this method will simply return webforum.cgi.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_program_name(
+      i = $PROGRAM_NAME
+    )
+    return ensure_main_encoding(
+      File.basename(i)
+    )
+  end; alias filename? return_program_name # === filename?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === filename_without_extension?
+  #
+  # This will return the raw filename, without extension. For example,
+  # if the file is "index.cgi", then this method will return the string
+  # "index".
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def filename_without_extension?
+    _ = filename?
+    return _.delete_suffix(File.extname(_))
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === doc                                                         (doc tag)
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def doc(
+      optional_css_class = 'pad5px',
+      optional_the_id    = '',
+      optional_css_style = '',
+      &block
+    )
+    consider_autoclosing_the_head_tag
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Append the <body> tag if is not yet part of the String.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    splitted = result?.split("\n")
+    unless splitted.any? {|line| line.start_with? '<body' }
+      addnl(:body, @internal_hash[:body_css_class])
+    end
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === Simply pass onto div() next
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    div(
+      optional_css_class,
+      optional_the_id,
+      optional_css_style,
+      &block
+    )
+  end; alias document doc # === document
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === circle
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def circle(
+      hash = {
+        height: 150,
+        colour: :yellow,
+        radius: :quarter_default_width,
+        stroke_width: 10
+      }
+    )
+    _ = ::Cyberweb.circle(hash)
+    addnl(_)
+  end
+  require 'cyberweb/toplevel_methods/audio.rb'
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === audio
+  #
+  # This method essentially creates an "audio" tag, for playing an
+  # audio file.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def audio(
+      url               = '',
+      optional_autoplay = false
+    )
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.audio(url, optional_autoplay)
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === frame_right
+  #
+  # Simply append to :frame_string, by calling the method in the
+  # Cyberweb module.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def frame_right(i)
+    @internal_hash[:frame_string] << ::Cyberweb.frame_right(i)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === frame_left
+  #
+  # Simply append to :frame_string.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def frame_left(i)
+    @internal_hash[:frame_string] << ::Cyberweb.frame_left(i)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === earrow
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def earrow(i = '')
+    e "→ #{i}"
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === header_id
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def header_id(
+      i, optional_css_class = ''
+    )
+    use_this_id = i.dup.tr(' ','_').downcase
+    h2(i, optional_css_class, use_this_id)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === on_click_change_opacity
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def on_click_change_opacity(
+      use_this_id                = 'pic',
+      which_opacity_value_to_use = '0.92'
+    )
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.return_on_click_change_opacity(
+        use_this_id, which_opacity_value_to_use
+      )
+    )
+  end; alias on_click_highlight on_click_change_opacity # === on_click_highlight
+       alias highlight_tag      on_click_change_opacity # === highlight_tag
+       alias highlight          on_click_change_opacity # === highlight
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === base64_image
+  #
+  # This is distinct to other base64-related images within the Cyberweb
+  # project. It will simply, and directly, add the given data.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def base64_image(
+      i, image_type_to_use = :infer
+    )
+    addnl(
+      return_base64_image(i, image_type_to_use)
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_base64_image
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_base64_image(
+      i,
+      image_type_to_use  = :infer,
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = '',
+      optional_css_style = ''
+    )
+    case image_type_to_use
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :infer
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :infer
+      image_type_to_use = File.extname(i)
+      if image_type_to_use.empty?
+        image_type_to_use = 'png' # Rescue in this case.
+      end
+    end
+    _ = '<img src="data:image/'+
+        image_type_to_use.to_s.delete('.')+
+        ';base64,'+i+'"'.dup
+    if optional_css_class
+      _ << css_class_or_no_class(optional_css_class)
+    end
+    if optional_the_id
+      _ << id_or_no_id(optional_the_id)
+    end
+    if optional_css_style
+      _ << css_style_or_no_style(optional_css_style)
+    end
+    _ << '>'
+    return _
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === pfeil_rechts
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def pfeil_rechts(
+      use_this_css_class = 'marr4px'
+    )
+    sg(:pfeil_rechts, use_this_css_class)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_wikipedia_search_field
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_wikipedia_search_field
+    ee '<form name="searchform" action="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search" id="searchform" class="disin pads5px">
+ <p class="">
+  <input type="text" id="searchinput" name="search" class="LBlue BG_Black1 borddorange1px" accesskey=""/>
+  <input type="submit" value="Go" name="go" class="LBlue BG_Black1 borddorange1px" accesskey=""/>
+  <input type="submit" value="Search" name="fulltext" class="LBlue BG_Black1 borddorange1px" accesskey=""/>
+ </p>
+</form>'
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cform
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cform
+    close(:form)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cfieldset
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cfieldset
+    close(:fieldset)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === sclose
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def sclose(i)
+    "</#{i}>"
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === cdl
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def cdl
+    close(:dl)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === ctd
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def ctd
+    close(:td)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === ctbody
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def ctbody
+    close(:tbody)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === ctr
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def ctr
+    close(:tr)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === ctdctr
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def ctdctr
+    addn(
+      '</td></tr>'
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === ctdtd
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def ctdtd
+    addn(
+      '</td><td>'
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === test_the_html_colours
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def test_the_html_colours
+    all_html_colours.each {|this_html_colour|
+      e 'Hello world!', this_html_colour
+    }
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_this_base64_image
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_this_base64_image(
+      i,
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_css_id    = ''
+    )
+    return ::Cyberweb.return_this_base64_image(
+      i,
+      optional_css_class,
+      optional_css_id
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === use_the_internal_CSS_files?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def use_the_internal_CSS_files?
+    @internal_hash[:use_the_internal_CSS_files]
+  end; alias use_internal_css_files? use_the_internal_CSS_files? # === use_internal_css_files?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === do_not_use_the_internal_CSS_files
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def do_not_use_the_internal_CSS_files
+    @internal_hash[:use_the_internal_CSS_files] = false
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === colour_chart
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def colour_chart
+    addnl(
+      Cyberweb.colour_chart
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === save_into_the_default_html_page
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def save_into_the_default_html_page(
+      into = @internal_hash[:save_into_this_html_page]
+    )
+    puts 'Storing into `'+into+'`.'
+    append_body_string
+    append_cbody_and_chtml_tags
+    what = string?
+    SaveFile.write_what_into(what, into)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === append_body_string
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def append_body_string
+    addnl(body_string?)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add_string_lateron
+  #
+  # We can append a string to the main string lateron.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add_string_lateron
+    if string_lateron? and !string_lateron?.empty?
+      @internal_hash[:html_string] << string_lateron?.to_s
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === print_the_result                            (display tag, report tag)
+  #
+  # This method can be used to report (output) the content of the
+  # main string.
+  #
+  # You may have to properly build up the main string before invoking
+  # this method.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def print_the_result
+    print result?
+  end; alias display print_the_result # === display
+       alias report  print_the_result # === report
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === consider_compressing_main_string
+  #
+  # Right now this just removes all newlines, if the configuration
+  # option was set.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def consider_compressing_main_string
+    if compress_main_string?
+      @internal_hash[:html_string].delete! N
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === check_syntax_then_compress_the_main_string_then_remove_newlines
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def check_syntax_then_compress_the_main_string_then_remove_newlines
+    consider_checking_for_new_syntax
+    consider_compressing_main_string
+    consider_removing_newlines
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === close_html
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def close_html
+    addn('</body>')
+    addn('</html>')
+    add_string_lateron
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add_to_main_string_lateron
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add_to_main_string_lateron(i)
+    @internal_hash[:string_lateron] << i
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === title?
+  #
+  # Query method for the title of our webpage.
+  #
+  # Note that the method .title() is an alias for .title?(); in the past,
+  # before April 2022, it was an alias for .set_title() instead.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def title?
+    ::Cyberweb.title?
+  end; alias use_this_title? title? # === use_this_title?
+       alias title           title? # === use_this_title?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add_html_comment
+  #
+  # This method will add the given input as HTML comment into the
+  # web-object at hand.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add_html_comment(i = '')
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.html_comment(i)
+    )
+  end; alias ehtml_comment add_html_comment # === ehtml_comment
+       alias html_comment  add_html_comment # === html_comment
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === handle_these_calls
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def handle_these_calls(&block)
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Delegate the block given to this class here, so that we can handle
+    # method calls properly.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    if block_given?
+      instance_exec(&block)
+    end
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === draw_circle
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def draw_circle(
+      hash = {
+        width:            200, # in px
+        height:           200, # in px
+        background_color: :crimson,
+        border_radius:    '50%'
+      }
+    )
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.draw_circle(hash)
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === generate_cap_box
+  #
+  # Usage example:
+  #
+  #    generate_cap_box(
+  #      string_h1(
+  #        sg(:package,'marr8px','drag_job_listing')+
+  #        'Job Listing',
+  #        'job_listing'
+  #      )
+  #    ) {{ width: '95%' }}
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def generate_cap_box(
+      use_this_title_for_the_upper_box = 'Hello world!',
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # The next variable is the inner content - by default it will
+      # be empty.
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      title_for_the_content_header     = '',
+      inner_content                    = '', # This is the inner content.<br>Looks fancy!<br>',
+      border_to_use                    = '3px solid #2a2a2a',
+      box_width                        = '700px'
+    )
+    ::Cyberweb.generate_cap_box(
+      use_this_title_for_the_upper_box,
+      title_for_the_content_header,
+      inner_content,
+      border_to_use,
+      box_width
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === javascript?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def javascript?
+    @internal_hash[:javascript]
+  end
+  require 'cyberweb/javascript/on_click_change_opacity.rb'
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === on_click_make_darker
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def on_click_make_darker(this_id, opacity = '0.90')
+    addn(
+      ::Cyberweb.on_click_make_darker(this_id, opacity)
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === datume
+  #
+  # Like datum() but for english.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def datume(
+      welches_datum      = '',
+      css_class          = 'martb4px s2px yel',
+      optional_id        = nil,
+      optional_css_style = ''
+    )
+    if optional_id.is_a? Hash
+      optional_id = optional_id.delete(:id)
+    end
+    optional_id = optional_id.to_s
+    welches_datum = date_today if welches_datum.empty? # Ask the method above.
+    p(css_class, optional_id, optional_css_style) {
+      espan "<ud class=\"BOLD\">Date</ud>: "\
+            "<b>#{welches_datum}</b>"
+    }
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === close_html_then_serve_the_webpage
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def close_html_then_serve_the_webpage
+    close_html
+    serve_webpage
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === datum
+  #
+  # Display datum. The argument `welches_datum` will be empty by default
+  # and will in this case call the method date_today().
+  #
+  # Usage examples:
+  #
+  #   datum '06.08.2008','BG_Black yel wid20 pad4px', id: 'datum'
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def datum(
+      welches_datum      = '',
+      css_class          = 'martb4px s2px yel',
+      optional_id        = nil,
+      optional_css_style = ''
+    )
+    if optional_id.is_a? Hash
+      optional_id = optional_id.delete(:id)
+    end
+    optional_id = optional_id.to_s
+    welches_datum = date_today if welches_datum.empty? # Ask the method above.
+    p(css_class, optional_id, optional_css_style) {
+      espan "<ud class=\"BOLD\">Datum</ud>: "\
+            "<b>#{welches_datum}</b>"
+    }
+  end; alias show_datum datum # === show_datum
+       alias datumg     datum # === datumg
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === marl1em
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def marl1em(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = ''
+    )
+    optional_css_class = optional_css_class.dup
+    optional_css_class << ' marl1em'
+    s2(i, optional_css_class.strip)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === marl2em
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def marl2em(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = ''
+    )
+    optional_css_class = optional_css_class.dup
+    optional_css_class << ' marl2em'
+    s2(i, optional_css_class.strip)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === marl3em
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def marl3em(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = ''
+    )
+    optional_css_class = optional_css_class.dup
+    optional_css_class << ' marl3em'
+    s2(i, optional_css_class.strip, optional_the_id)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === default_doc_type?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def default_doc_type?
+    DOCTYPE_HTML5
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === german_unicode
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def german_unicode
+    use_german
+    use_unicode
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === german_trinity
+  #
+  # This variant specifically does NOT force the use of jquery since as
+  # of May 2021. If you want to force jquery, use the method
+  # called german_unicode_and_jquery() instead.
+  #
+  # Strictly speaking the word "trinity" is thus no longer correct, but
+  # for the time being it will be retained.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def german_trinity
+    german_unicode # This bundles "use_german" and "use_unicode".
+    add_html_comment("\nThis website is making use of german.\n")
+    add_relevant_meta_entries(:ignore_checks)
+  end; alias use_unicode_german_and_jquery german_trinity # === use_unicode_german_and_jquery
+       alias trinity_german                german_trinity # === trinity_german
+       alias trinity                       german_trinity # === trinity
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === language
+  #
+  # You can use this method to specify a certain language in order to
+  # use for the given web page. I tend to use this to remind myself
+  # in which language I shall write a web-page in, e. g. usually
+  # either in german, or more commonly these days, in english.
+  #
+  # Invocation example:
+  #
+  #   language :english
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def language(
+      which_language = nil
+    )
+    case which_language
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === eng
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when 'eng',
+         'e',
+         'en',
+         'default'
+      which_language = 'english'
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === ger
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when 'ger',
+         'g',
+         'ge',
+         'german',
+         'deutsch'
+      which_language = 'german'
+    end
+    @internal_hash[:language] = which_language.to_s # Will be kept as a String.
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === german_unicode_and_jquery
+  #
+  # This convenience method will enable german language layout for a
+  # webpage, jquery-drag-and-drop support, as well as declare that
+  # the page at hand uses unicode characters (and thus needs support
+  # for unicode).
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def german_unicode_and_jquery
+    do_use_jquery
+    german_trinity
+  end; alias german_unicode_jquery         german_unicode_and_jquery # === german_unicode_jquery
+       alias use_jquery_german_and_unicode german_unicode_and_jquery # === german_unicode_and_jquery
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === use_german
+  #
+  # This is an easier shortcut to designate that the current webpage
+  # makes use of the german language as part of its content primarily.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def use_german # An easier shortcut.
+    language :german
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === logical_build_up
+  #
+  # This method can be used to "build up" a webpage from scratch.
+  #
+  # Furthermore it can be used to also "build from the middle", that is
+  # start at a later point in time if necessary.
+  #
+  # This is experimental right now in October 2021 - perhaps one day we
+  # will make it to handle all logical "small steps".
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def logical_build_up(
+      array =
+        [
+          :html_start_tag,
+          :head_start_tag,
+          :add_the_meta_tags,
+          :close_body_head_and_html_tag
+        ]
+    )
+    array.each {|entry|
+      send(entry)
+    }
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === marl4em
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def marl4em(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = ''
+    )
+    optional_css_class = optional_css_class.dup
+    optional_css_class << ' marl4em'
+    s2(i, optional_css_class.strip)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === marl5em
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def marl5em(
+      i                  = '',
+      optional_css_class = '',
+      optional_the_id    = ''
+    )
+    optional_css_class = optional_css_class.dup
+    optional_css_class << ' marl5em'
+    s2(i, optional_css_class.strip)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === view_source
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def view_source(
+      css_class          = 'wid25',
+      optional_id        = 'view_source',
+      optional_css_style = ''
+    )
+    button_css = 'view_source BG_White Black pad2px'
+    if css_class.is_a? Hash
+      css_class = css_class.delete :css_class
+    end
+    form '', '', '', optional_id, optional_css_style
+      ee '<input class="'+button_css+' '+css_class+'" type="button" value="View Source" '
+      # ee 'onClick=\'window.location = "view-source:"+window.location.href\'
+      ee "onClick='window.location=\"view-source:\"+window.location.href'"
+      ee '>'+"\n"
+    cform
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === ordered_list
+  #
+  # This method can be used to show an ordered list.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def ordered_list(
+      array = %w( cat dog parrot deer horse )
+    )
+    _ = "<ol>\n".dup
+    array.each {|this_entry|
+      _ << "<li>#{this_entry}</li>\n"
+    }
+    _ << "</ol>\n\n"
+    addnl(_)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === make_this_id_draggable
+  #
+  # Note that this will be guaranteed to always add the corresponding
+  # javascript code, which is different to javascript_drag_and_drop().
+  #
+  # This is why you should not use it directly - instead, use
+  # javascript_drag_and_drop().
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def make_this_id_draggable(this_id)
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.return_javascript_drag_and_drop(this_id)
+    )
+  end; private :make_this_id_draggable
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === prepend_doc_type
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def prepend_doc_type
+    @internal_hash[:html_string].prepend(
+      "#{default_doc_type?}\n"
+    )
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_jquery_string
+  #
+  # Since as of 21.09.2014 this method will return two .js files here.
+  #
+  # The version of jquery-ui is currently hardcoded.
+  #
+  # The latest version of jquery-ui can be viewed here:
+  #
+  #   https://code.jquery.com/ui/
+  #
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_jquery_string(
+      jquery_ui_version = Cyberweb.jquery_ui_version?
+    )
+    return ::Cyberweb.return_jquery_string(jquery_ui_version)
+  end; alias build_jquery_string return_jquery_string # === build_jquery_string
   require 'cyberweb/javascript/drag_and_drop.rb'
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === drag_and_drop
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def drag_and_drop(
+      this_id = 'drag_test'
+    )
+    if use_jquery?
+      addnl(
+        ::Cyberweb.return_javascript_drag_and_drop(this_id)
+      )
+    end
+  end; alias drag                drag_and_drop # === drag
+       alias enable_drag_for     drag_and_drop # === enable_drag_for
+       alias drag_n_drop         drag_and_drop # === drag_n_drop
+       alias drag_drop           drag_and_drop # === drag_drop
+       alias add_javascript_drag drag_and_drop # === add_javascript_drag
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === update_the_body
+  #
+  # This method will update the content of the <body> tag, via javascript.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def update_the_body(with_this_content)
+    ejavascript'
+document.body.innerHTML = "'+with_this_content+'"
+   '
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === show_cheerleader
+  #
+  # Shows an ASCII cheerleader.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def show_cheerleader(
+      path_to_cheerleader_file = Cyberweb.path_to_data?+'CODE/javascript/cheerleader.js'
+    )
+    filename = 'cheerleader.js'
+    _ = path_to_cheerleader_file
+    _ << filename unless _[-filename.size, filename.size] == filename
+    load_javascript(_)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === chmod_displayer
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def chmod_displayer(i = :default)
+    addnl(
+      ::Cyberweb.chmod_displayer(i)
+    )
+  end
+  require 'cyberweb/javascript/javascript.rb'
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === sanitize_javascript
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def sanitize_javascript(i)
+    ::Cyberweb.sanitize_javascript(i)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === javascript_script=
+  #
+  # This method assigns to the @javascript variable. We expect it to
+  # hold strings related to javascript-code.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def javascript_script=(i)
+    if @internal_hash[:javascript].frozen?
+      @internal_hash[:javascript] = @internal_hash[:javascript].dup
+    end
+    @internal_hash[:javascript] << return_javascript(i) # Tap into javascript/ subdirectory.
+  end; alias javascript_in_head_tag javascript_script= # === javascript_in_head_tag
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === return_default_javascript
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def return_default_javascript(
+      i = ::Cyberweb.converted_path_to_data
+    )
+    ::Cyberweb.return_default_javascript(i)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === save_as_webobject
+  #
+  # This method will save as a WebObject variant, as a .cgi file.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def save_as_webobject(
+      into = @internal_hash[:save_into_this_html_page].
+             delete_suffix('.html')+
+             '.cgi'
+    )
+    puts 'Storing into `'+into+'`.'
+    what = ''.dup # string?
+    what.prepend(ruby_header?+"\n")
+    append_this = <<-EOF
+# =========================================================================== #
+#
+# =========================================================================== #
+require 'cyberweb/autoinclude'
+english('#{use_this_title?}') {
+created_on '#{dd_mm_yyyy}' # Wednesday.
+body_css_class ''
+body_css_style ''
+font_size ''
+doc {
+  ee '#{body_string?.tr("'","\'")}'
+}}
+EOF
+    what << append_this
+    SaveFile.write_what_into(what, into)
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === addnl                                                     (addnl tag)
+  #
+  # This will call add(), and decree that a newline is used. It will NOT
+  # modify the given input at hand - only add() may modify the given
+  # input at hand.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def addnl(
+      i                  = "\n",
+      optional_css_class = nil
+    )
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # We can not call .to_s in the next line because we may pass a Symbol
+    # such as :br too.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    add(i, optional_css_class, :use_a_newline) # Delegate towards add() here.
+  end; alias add_with_newline addnl # === add_with_newline
+       alias add_newline      addnl # === add_newline
+       alias addn             addnl # === addn
+       alias adnl             addnl # === adnl
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add                                                         (add tag)
+  #
+  # This is the general append-method for whenever we seek to append
+  # onto the main String (stored in @_) of this class.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add(
+      i, # The input here can be a Symbol as well.
+      optional_css_class         = nil,
+      optional_entry_for_newline = nil
+    )
+    case i
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :newline
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :newline,
+         :use_a_newline
+      i = NL
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :body
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :body
+      consider_autoclosing_the_head_tag
+      i = return_body_tag(optional_css_class).dup
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :content_type_plain
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :content_type_plain
+      i = Cyberweb::CONTENT_TYPE_PLAIN
+    end
+    if i
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      # === Handle symbols next
+      # ===================================================================== #
+      if i.is_a? Symbol
+        i = "<#{i}>".dup # Such as for :br aka <br>.
+      elsif i.is_a? Numeric
+        i = i.to_s.dup
+      elsif i.respond_to?(:is_an_objectified_html_tag?) and
+            i.is_an_objectified_html_tag?
+        # =================================================================== #
+        # This entry clause adds support for directly adding
+        # Objectified::HtmlTags.
+        # =================================================================== #
+        i = i.string?
+      end
+      if i.is_a?(String) and i.frozen?
+        i = i.dup
+      end
+    end
+    if i.nil?
+      i = ''.dup
+    end
+    case optional_entry_for_newline
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # === :newline
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    when :newline,
+         :use_a_newline
+      i << "\n"
+    end
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # Avoid a frozen main string:
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    if @internal_hash[:html_string].frozen?
+      @internal_hash[:html_string] = @internal_hash[:html_string].dup
+    end
+    @internal_hash[:html_string] << i
+  end; alias append             add # === append
+       alias add_to_main_string add # === add_to_main_string
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === german
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def german(
+      use_this_as_title = nil,
+      &block
+    )
+    add_doctype_then_html_start_tag_then_head_tag_then_charset
+    german_trinity
+    if use_this_as_title
+      set_title(use_this_as_title)
+    end
+    handle_these_calls(&block)
+    close_html_after_making_sure_that_the_body_tag_exists
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === create_standalone_html_page
+  #
+  # This method can be used to create a standalone .html page, representing
+  # the WebObject content.
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def create_standalone_html_page(
+      use_this_filename = filename?
+    )
+    Cyberweb.set_log_directory(:classic_FHS_structure)
+    what = to_html
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # We will store into the log-directory of the Cyberweb project.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    into = Cyberweb.log_directory?+
+           use_this_filename.delete_suffix(
+             File.extname(use_this_filename)
+           )+'.html' # This must be accessible.
+    message = 'Storing into the local file '+sfile(into)+'.'
+    e message
+    puts message
+    write_what_into(what, into)
+  end; alias dump_the_html create_standalone_html_page # === dump_the_html
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === enable_namespace
+  #
+  # This simply includes the main Cyberweb "namespace".
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def enable_namespace
+    Object.send(
+      :include, ::Cyberweb
+    )
+    require 'cyberweb/predefined_and_freeform_methods/predefined_methods.rb'
+    Object.send(
+      :include, ::Cyberweb::PredefinedMethods
+    )
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    # The next line was added in March 2022.
+    # ======================================================================= #
+    Object.send(
+      :include, ::Cyberweb::Objectified::Mask
+    )
+  end; alias autoextend enable_namespace # === autoextend
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === img_dir?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def img_dir?
+    "#{server_base_directory?}"\
+    "data/"\
+    "#{return_name_of_the_images_directory}/"
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === server_base_directory?
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def server_base_directory?
+    Cyberweb.server_base_directory?
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === template1
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def template1(i = '')
+    main_css "#{i}\n#{TEMPLATE1}"
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === add_unicode_charset
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def add_unicode_charset
+    append_this_to_the_meta_collection('<meta charset="UTF-8">')
+  end
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # === use_unicode
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  def do_use_unicode
+    @internal_hash[:use_unicode] = true
+  end; alias use_unicode do_use_unicode # === use_unicode
 end
 # =========================================================================== #
 # === Cyberweb.new
 #
-# The toplevel method new, as in Cyberweb.new, will instantiate a
-# new WebObject-instance.
+# The toplevel method new, as in Cyberweb.new, will instantiate a new
+# WebObject-instance.
 # =========================================================================== #
 def self.new(
     i = nil, &block
@@ -122,5 +3750,18 @@ end; self.instance_eval { alias initialize_web_object new } # === Cyberweb.initi
 end
 if __FILE__ == $PROGRAM_NAME
-  Cyberweb::WebObject.new(ARGV)
-end # web_object.rb
+  require 'colours/autoinclude'
+  web_object = Cyberweb::WebObject.new(ARGV)
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  # Next we test the code that can be used to read in an existing
+  # .html file:
+  # _.parse_from_this_html_file
+  # _.save_into_the_default_html_page
+  # _.save_as_webobject
+  # ========================================================================= #
+  web_object.append_to_body_css_style 'marl1em'
+  web_object.set_title 'Hey there'
+  web_object.rebuild_the_HTML_string
+  # web_object.ejavascript(:tetris)
+e tomato(web_object.string?) # Debugging output.
+end # testwebobject