crawlab_ruby_sdk 0.2.5 → 0.2.6

Sign up to get free protection for your applications and to get access to all the features.
Files changed (8) hide show
  1. checksums.yaml +4 -4
  2. data/README.md +1 -1
  3. data/lib/client/task_service_client.rb +4 -2
  4. data/lib/client/task_service_subscribe_client.rb +9 -3
  5. data/lib/crawlab_ruby_sdk/version.rb +1 -1
  6. data/lib/crawlab_ruby_sdk.rb +4 -4
  7. data/ruby_sdk_test.rb +70 -44
  8. metadata +2 -2
checksums.yaml CHANGED
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
1
1
  ---
2
2
  SHA256:
3
- metadata.gz: f66749940ae8a5ec18288c02994f71c0abc19499b644104c89925a2984ed3ff5
4
- data.tar.gz: 8350fd6b2b827cb7affe33f95056733b0f64b70e9dfb6b0658599ea2d60ad42f
3
+ metadata.gz: 25f48a20dae586a75f836068c12f83a66d728addb87a1a7ff3f9fb2115d14a38
4
+ data.tar.gz: d7762bac4faba04c44778a2931eadb68d9a68358bce1603ba3eba6c24b5c5db9
5
5
  SHA512:
6
- metadata.gz: 4c7c4193b2471aa9401feee0349ed0862278727d403e09cd23c3c07bf025056b00dac11fb3a361810f7b56b836a5cbea78052e7b6c55a8bbe3d4581b13397295
7
- data.tar.gz: 58fe64c46e61d08c04b07aa2aaed98659664656818f1312e000366117b9f53e84e8452927f9526fb2fddeb96e1fbb83df00be3b2aeee123728ef500fbd9727e4
6
+ metadata.gz: 8c40d27886e99ae38bef4dbcdc52349ea28ecd4b533d3e129d5ac50a6b2c37c10ea5777862fb31e4b5512c26ad06f2766b90ff411a7633fae4fab57ee1fc1263
7
+ data.tar.gz: 4d9a0d8e8c8b037f9ba8a8225f5ac618f3726f2431e41183f65fc7a1d8970622b9d32d5b0e0dbbcf792e32391ebddab1d1c60c3db83a9eb156ce67e9c7b5a43d
data/README.md CHANGED
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/[USERN
65
65
  **bundle gem crawlab_ruby_sdk.gemspec**
66
66
  **添加代码**
67
67
  **gem build**
68
- **gem install --local crawlab_ruby_sdk-0.1.0.gem**
68
+ **gem install --local crawlab_ruby_sdk-0.2.5.gem**
69
69
 
70
70
  curl -u ***** https://rubygems.org/api/v1/api_key.yaml # ***** 为你的用户名
71
71
 
data/lib/client/task_service_client.rb CHANGED
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
1
1
  class TaskServiceClient
2
2
  attr_accessor :address
3
3
  attr_accessor :auth
4
+ attr_accessor :use_gzip
4
5
 
5
- def initialize(address,auth)
6
+ def initialize(address,auth,use_gzip=true)
6
7
  @address = address
7
8
  @auth = auth
9
+ @use_gzip = use_gzip
8
10
  end
9
11
 
10
12
  # 返回 TaskServiceSubscribeClient
11
13
  def subscribe
12
- stub = TaskServiceSubscribeClient.new(@address,@auth)
14
+ stub = TaskServiceSubscribeClient.new(@address,@auth,@use_gzip)
13
15
  return stub
14
16
  end
15
17
  end
data/lib/client/task_service_subscribe_client.rb CHANGED
@@ -2,8 +2,14 @@ class TaskServiceSubscribeClient
2
2
  attr_accessor :stub
3
3
  attr_accessor :metadata
4
4
 
5
- def initialize(address,auth)
6
- @stub = GRPC::ClientStub.new(address,:this_channel_is_insecure)
5
+ def initialize(address,auth,use_gzip=true)
6
+ compression_options =
7
+ GRPC::Core::CompressionOptions.new(default_algorithm: :gzip,default_level: :high)
8
+ compression_channel_args = compression_options.to_channel_arg_hash
9
+ if !use_gzip
10
+ compression_channel_args = {}
11
+ end
12
+ @stub = GRPC::ClientStub.new(address,:this_channel_is_insecure,channel_args:compression_channel_args)
7
13
  @metadata = {"authorization": auth}
8
14
 
9
15
  end
@@ -34,7 +40,7 @@ class TaskServiceSubscribeClient
34
40
  # obj = StreamMessage.new(a)
35
41
  # return obj
36
42
 
37
- return Grpc::StreamMessage.decode(obj)
43
+ return Grpc::StreamMessage.decode(str)
38
44
  end
39
45
 
40
46
  def each
data/lib/crawlab_ruby_sdk/version.rb CHANGED
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
1
1
  module CrawlabRubySdk
2
- VERSION = "0.2.5"
2
+ VERSION = "0.2.6"
3
3
  end
data/lib/crawlab_ruby_sdk.rb CHANGED
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ module CrawlabRubySdk
36
36
  # Your code goes here...
37
37
 
38
38
 
39
- def self.save_item(item={},table_name="")
39
+ def self.save_item(item={},table_name="",use_gzip=true)
40
40
  address = ENV["CRAWLAB_GRPC_ADDRESS"]
41
41
  if address==nil || address == ""
42
42
  address = "localhost:9666"
@@ -52,14 +52,14 @@ module CrawlabRubySdk
52
52
  return
53
53
  end
54
54
 
55
- client = TaskServiceClient.new(address,auth)
55
+ client = TaskServiceClient.new(address,auth,use_gzip)
56
56
 
57
57
  sub_client = client.subscribe
58
58
 
59
59
  save(sub_client,[item])
60
60
  end
61
61
 
62
- def self.save_items(items=[],table_name="")
62
+ def self.save_items(items=[],table_name="",use_gzip=true)
63
63
  address = ENV["CRAWLAB_GRPC_ADDRESS"]
64
64
  if address==nil || address == ""
65
65
  address = "localhost:9666"
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ module CrawlabRubySdk
75
75
  return
76
76
  end
77
77
 
78
- client = TaskServiceClient.new(address,auth)
78
+ client = TaskServiceClient.new(address,auth,use_gzip)
79
79
 
80
80
  sub_client = client.subscribe
81
81
 
data/ruby_sdk_test.rb CHANGED
@@ -1,60 +1,86 @@
1
1
 
2
-
2
+ # https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/5b444972f3257374b65a8923125b465becb21ab1/src/ruby/spec/compression_options_spec.rb#L22
3
3
  require 'crawlab_ruby_sdk'
4
4
  def main
5
5
 
6
- a = {
7
- "name": "haha",
8
- "age": 12,
9
- }
6
+ # a = {
7
+ # "name": "haha",
8
+ # "age": 12,
9
+ # }
10
10
 
11
- CrawlabRubySdk.save_item(a)
11
+ # CrawlabRubySdk.save_item(a)
12
12
 
13
13
  # CrawlabRubySdk.save_item(a,"thinktank_experts")
14
14
  # CrawlabRubySdk.save_item(a,"thinktank_expert_reports")
15
15
  # CrawlabRubySdk.save_item(a,"thinktank_informations")
16
16
  # CrawlabRubySdk.save_item(a,"thinktank_reports")
17
17
 
18
+ # item = {
19
+ # "id": "dec9d5415409cc9275f5590c145c3ccf",
20
+ # "title": "Association of Selected State Policies and Requirements for Buprenorphine Treatment With Per Capita Months of Treatment",
21
+ # "thinktank_en_name": "RAND Corporation",
22
+ # "thinktank_cn_name": "兰德公司",
23
+ # "abstract": "",
24
+ # "content": "Importance\nExpanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.\nObjective\nTo examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.\nDesign, Setting, and Participants\nThis cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.\nExposures\nState implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.\nMain Outcomes and Measures\nThe main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.\nResults\nThe mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.\nResults\nIn this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.",
25
+ # "authors": "Bradley D. Stein,Brendan Saloner,Olivia Golan,Barbara Andraka-Christou,Christina Andrews,Andrew W. Dick,Corey S. Davis,Yaou Flora Sheng,Adam J. Gordon",
26
+ # "url": "https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP70097.html",
27
+ # "file_url": "",
28
+ # "images": "[\"https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/external_publications/external_publications.gif\"]",
29
+ # "links": "",
30
+ # "domain": "rand.org",
31
+ # "sub_domain": "www.rand.org",
32
+ # "keywords": "[]",
33
+ # "html_content": "<div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div>",
34
+ # "lang": "en",
35
+ # "country": "美国",
36
+ # "created_at": 1686240102,
37
+ # "updated_at": 1686240102,
38
+ # "created_time": 1686200400,
39
+ # "time_zone": "GMT",
40
+ # "files": "",
41
+ # "image_url": "",
42
+ # "link_url": "",
43
+ # "category": "External Publications",
44
+ # "topics": "[\"Health Care Delivery Approaches\",\"Opioids\",\"Substance Use Harm Reduction\"]",
45
+ # "tags": "[]",
46
+ # "views": 0,
47
+ # "comments": 0,
48
+ # "reference": "[]",
49
+ # "mention_country": "",
50
+ # "author_hash": "[{\"author_id\":\"30aaa313a71dc5436a9e3ab469161a7e\",\"author_name\":\"Bradley D. Stein\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/about/people/s/stein_bradley.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"d9ebdb0fdfd05cf4c0f22c5ba5451ed2\",\"author_name\":\"Brendan Saloner\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/s/saloner_brendan.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"fbcf61c351d37b7a58a049c775d989db\",\"author_name\":\"Olivia Golan\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/g/golan_olivia_.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"e80169af03f5f386f64de453313a98f5\",\"author_name\":\"Barbara Andraka-Christou\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/a/andraka-christou_barbara.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"bbe5d7288bc1b2dcca636fa63dad7661\",\"author_name\":\"Christina Andrews\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/a/andrews_christina.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"45b98f50891032ad05fc642dd663a759\",\"author_name\":\"Andrew W. Dick\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/about/people/d/dick_andrew.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"6c7daa9e6a27ed721691f4e3a5df9039\",\"author_name\":\"Corey S. Davis\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/d/davis_corey_s.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"19ef02f964b7c7f44ba0007c3488ce2e\",\"author_name\":\"Yaou Flora Sheng\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/about/people/s/sheng_yaou_flora.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"f41e7da2ef20cd8ac7a2e6b2c3c7ae89\",\"author_name\":\"Adam J. Gordon\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/g/gordon_adam_j.html\"}]",
51
+ # "sub_title": "",
52
+ # "timezone_location": "Etc/GMT",
53
+ # "videos": "[]",
54
+ # "audios": "",
55
+ # }
56
+
57
+
58
+
18
59
  item = {
19
- "id": "dec9d5415409cc9275f5590c145c3ccf",
20
- "title": "Association of Selected State Policies and Requirements for Buprenorphine Treatment With Per Capita Months of Treatment",
21
- "thinktank_en_name": "RAND Corporation",
22
- "thinktank_cn_name": "兰德公司",
23
- "abstract": "",
24
- "content": "Importance\nExpanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.\nObjective\nTo examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.\nDesign, Setting, and Participants\nThis cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.\nExposures\nState implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.\nMain Outcomes and Measures\nThe main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.\nResults\nThe mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.\nResults\nIn this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.",
25
- "authors": "Bradley D. Stein,Brendan Saloner,Olivia Golan,Barbara Andraka-Christou,Christina Andrews,Andrew W. Dick,Corey S. Davis,Yaou Flora Sheng,Adam J. Gordon",
26
- "url": "https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP70097.html",
27
- "file_url": "",
28
- "images": "[\"https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/external_publications/external_publications.gif\"]",
29
- "links": "",
30
- "domain": "rand.org",
31
- "sub_domain": "www.rand.org",
32
- "keywords": "[]",
33
- "html_content": "<div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div>",
34
- "lang": "en",
35
- "country": "美国",
36
- "created_at": 1686240102,
37
- "updated_at": 1686240102,
38
- "created_time": 1686200400,
39
- "time_zone": "GMT",
40
- "files": "",
41
- "image_url": "",
42
- "link_url": "",
43
- "category": "External Publications",
44
- "topics": "[\"Health Care Delivery Approaches\",\"Opioids\",\"Substance Use Harm Reduction\"]",
45
- "tags": "[]",
46
- "views": 0,
47
- "comments": 0,
48
- "reference": "[]",
49
- "mention_country": "",
50
- "author_hash": "[{\"author_id\":\"30aaa313a71dc5436a9e3ab469161a7e\",\"author_name\":\"Bradley D. Stein\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/about/people/s/stein_bradley.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"d9ebdb0fdfd05cf4c0f22c5ba5451ed2\",\"author_name\":\"Brendan Saloner\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/s/saloner_brendan.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"fbcf61c351d37b7a58a049c775d989db\",\"author_name\":\"Olivia Golan\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/g/golan_olivia_.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"e80169af03f5f386f64de453313a98f5\",\"author_name\":\"Barbara Andraka-Christou\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/a/andraka-christou_barbara.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"bbe5d7288bc1b2dcca636fa63dad7661\",\"author_name\":\"Christina Andrews\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/a/andrews_christina.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"45b98f50891032ad05fc642dd663a759\",\"author_name\":\"Andrew W. Dick\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/about/people/d/dick_andrew.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"6c7daa9e6a27ed721691f4e3a5df9039\",\"author_name\":\"Corey S. Davis\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/d/davis_corey_s.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"19ef02f964b7c7f44ba0007c3488ce2e\",\"author_name\":\"Yaou Flora Sheng\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/about/people/s/sheng_yaou_flora.html\"},{\"author_id\":\"f41e7da2ef20cd8ac7a2e6b2c3c7ae89\",\"author_name\":\"Adam J. Gordon\",\"author_url\":\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/authors/g/gordon_adam_j.html\"}]",
51
- "sub_title": "",
52
- "timezone_location": "Etc/GMT",
53
- "videos": "[]",
54
- "audios": "",
60
+ "desp": "<div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div><div class=\"product-main\">\n <div class=\"abstract product-page-abstract\">\n<h2>Importance</h2>\n<p>Expanding the use of buprenorphine for treating opioid use disorder is a critical component of the US response to the opioid crisis, but few studies have examined how state policies are associated with buprenorphine dispensing.</p>\n<h2>Objective</h2>\n<p>To examine the association of 6 selected state policies with the rate of individuals receiving buprenorphine per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Design, Setting, and Participants</h2>\n<p>This cross-sectional study used 2006 to 2018 US retail pharmacy claims data for individuals dispensed buprenorphine formulations indicated for treating opioid use disorder.</p>\n<h2>Exposures</h2>\n<p>State implementation of policies requiring additional education for buprenorphine prescribers beyond waiver training, continuing medical education related to substance misuse and addiction, Medicaid coverage of buprenorphine, Medicaid expansion, mandatory prescriber use of prescription drug monitoring programs, and pain management clinic laws were examined.</p>\n<h2>Main Outcomes and Measures</h2>\n<p>The main outcome was buprenorphine treatment months per 1000 county residents as measured using multivariable longitudinal models. Statistical analyses were conducted from September 1, 2021, through April 30, 2022, with revised analyses conducted through February 28, 2023.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>The mean (SD) number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 persons nationally increased steadily from 1.47 (0.04) in 2006 to 22.80 (0.55) in 2018. Requiring that buprenorphine prescribers receive additional education beyond that required to obtain the federal X-waiver was associated with significant increases in the number of months of buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in the 5 years following implementation of the requirement (from 8.51 [95% CI, 2.36-14.64] months in year 1 to 14.43 [95% CI, 2.61-26.26] months in year 5). Requiring continuing medical education for physician licensure related to substance misuse or addiction was associated with significant increases in buprenorphine treatment per 1000 population in each of the 5 years following policy implementation (from 7.01 [95% CI, 3.17-10.86] months in the first year to 11.43 [95% CI, 0.61-22.25] months in the fifth year). None of the other policies examined was associated with a significant change in buprenorphine months of treatment per 1000 county residents.</p>\n<h2>Results</h2>\n<p>In this cross-sectional study of US pharmacy claims, state-mandated educational requirements beyond the initial training required to prescribe buprenorphine were associated with increased buprenorphine use over time. The findings suggest requiring education for buprenorphine prescribers and training in substance use disorder treatment for all controlled substance prescribers as an actionable proposal for increasing buprenorphine use, ultimately serving more patients. No single policy lever can ensure adequate buprenorphine supply; however, policy maker attention to the benefits of enhancing clinician education and knowledge may help to expand buprenorphine access.</p>\n</div>\n\n\t\n\t\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\n\n<!--indicia-->\n\n</div>",
61
+ "createdTime": Time.now.to_i,
62
+ "hostName": "min-PC",
63
+ "goroutine_index": 2,
64
+ "created_time": 1686200400,
55
65
  }
56
- CrawlabRubySdk.save_item(item)
66
+
67
+ address = "74.48.84.37:9661"
68
+ auth = "asd&667$34wer"
69
+
70
+
71
+
72
+ streamMessage = Grpc::StreamMessage.new(code:3,data:item.to_json.b)
73
+
74
+ client = TaskServiceClient.new(address,auth)
75
+ sub_client = client.subscribe
76
+
77
+ 100.times.each do |i|
78
+ sub_client.Send([streamMessage])
79
+ end
80
+
81
+ # CrawlabRubySdk.save_item(item)
82
+
57
83
 
58
84
  end
59
85
 
60
- # main
86
+ main
metadata CHANGED
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
1
1
  --- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
2
2
  name: crawlab_ruby_sdk
3
3
  version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
4
- version: 0.2.5
4
+ version: 0.2.6
5
5
  platform: ruby
6
6
  authors:
7
7
  - min
8
8
  autorequire:
9
9
  bindir: exe
10
10
  cert_chain: []
11
- date: 2023-07-26 00:00:00.000000000 Z
11
+ date: 2024-01-29 00:00:00.000000000 Z
12
12
  dependencies:
13
13
  - !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
14
14
  name: grpc