camertron-option 1.0.0

checksums.yaml

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+SHA1:
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+  data.tar.gz: 85d9e7fe331c69594acf0dddca8f86b1a99079e0
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data/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+*.gem
+*.rbc
+.bundle
+.config
+.yardoc
+Gemfile.lock
+InstalledFiles
+_yardoc
+coverage
+doc/
+lib/bundler/man
+pkg
+rdoc
+spec/reports
+test/tmp
+test/version_tmp
+tmp
+.rvmrc

data/.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+language: ruby
+before_install:
+  - gem install rake
+  - gem install bundler
+rvm:
+  - 2.1.0
+  - 2.0.0
+  - 1.9.3
+  - 1.9.2
+  - jruby-18mode
+  - jruby-19mode
+  - 1.8.7
+

data/Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+# Specify your gem's dependencies in option.gemspec
+gemspec :path => "ci", :name => "option"

data/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Copyright (c) 2012 Rob Ares
+
+MIT License
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

data/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Option
+
+A Ruby port of Scala's Option monad. Tries to be faithful
+but also pragmatic in RE: to duck typing.
+
+Blog post: http://robares.com/2012/09/16/ruby-port-of-scala-option/
+
+## Installation
+
+Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
+
+    gem 'option'
+
+And then execute:
+
+    $ bundle
+
+Or install it yourself as:
+
+    $ gem install option
+
+## Usage
+
+Generally, you want to use the Option(A) wrapper method to box
+your value. This will make the right decision as to what your initial
+value should be:
+
+```ruby
+foo = Option("bar")
+```
+
+This will allow you to now manipulate the value in the box via various means:
+
+```ruby
+
+# get the value
+foo.get #=> "bar"
+
+# return a default if the box is None
+None.get_or_else { "default" } #=> "default"
+
+# map the value to another option
+foo.map { |v| v.upcase } #=> Some("BAR")
+
+# does the value meet a requirement?
+foo.exists? { |v| v == "bar" } #=> true
+
+# return the value or nil depending on the state
+foo.or_nil #=> "bar"
+
+# chain values
+foo.map { |v| v * 2 }.map { |v| v.upcase }.get_or_else { "missing" } #=> BARBAR
+
+# attempt to extract a value but default if None
+None.fold(-> { "missing" }) { |v| v.upcase } #=> missing
+
+# filter values returning an option
+foo.filter { |v| v == "baz" } #=> None
+
+# Side-effects
+foo.inside { |v| v.upcase! } #=> Some("BAR")
+
+# use in a for loop
+for value in foo
+  puts value #=> bar
+end
+```
+
+## Build Status
+[![Travis CI](https://secure.travis-ci.org/rares/option.png)](http://travis-ci.org/rares/option)
+
+## Code Climate
+[![Code Climate](https://codeclimate.com/github/rares/option.png)](https://codeclimate.com/github/rares/option)
+
+## Contributing
+
+1. Fork it
+2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
+3. Implement your feature. Patches not considered without accompanying tests.  
+4. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Added some feature'`)
+5. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
+6. Create new Pull Request

data/Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env rake
+require "bundler/gem_tasks"
+
+require "rake/testtask"
+
+Rake::TestTask.new(:spec) do |test|
+  test.libs << "lib" << "spec"
+  test.pattern = "spec/**/*_spec.rb"
+end
+
+task :default => :spec

data/camertron-option.gemspec

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
+require File.expand_path('../lib/option/version', __FILE__)
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |gem|
+  gem.authors       = ["Rob Ares"]
+  gem.email         = ["rob.ares@gmail.com"]
+  gem.description   = %q{Ruby port of Scala's Option Monad}
+  gem.summary       = %q{Option attempts to be faithful to the useful parts of the scala api. We lose the type safety but still is quite useful when dealing with optional values.}
+  gem.homepage      = "http://www.github.com/rares/option"
+
+  gem.files         = `git ls-files`.split($\)
+  gem.executables   = gem.files.grep(%r{^bin/}).map{ |f| File.basename(f) }
+  gem.test_files    = gem.files.grep(%r{^(spec)/})
+  gem.name          = "camertron-option"
+  gem.require_paths = ["lib"]
+  gem.version       = Option::VERSION
+
+  gem.add_development_dependency "rake",     "= 0.9.2.2"
+  gem.add_development_dependency "minitest", "= 3.4.0"
+end

data/ci/option.gemspec

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
+require File.expand_path('../../lib/option/version', __FILE__)
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |gem|
+  gem.authors       = ["Rob Ares"]
+  gem.email         = ["rob.ares@gmail.com"]
+  gem.description   = %q{Ruby port of Scala's Option Monad}
+  gem.summary       = %q{Option attempts to be faithful to the useful parts of the scala api. We lose the type safety but still is quite useful when dealing with optional values.}
+  gem.homepage      = "http://www.github.com/rares/option"
+
+  gem.files         = `git ls-files`.split($\)
+  gem.executables   = gem.files.grep(%r{^bin/}).map{ |f| File.basename(f) }
+  gem.test_files    = gem.files.grep(%r{^(spec)/})
+  gem.name          = "option"
+  gem.require_paths = ["lib"]
+  gem.version       = Option::VERSION
+
+  gem.add_development_dependency "rake",     "= 0.9.2.2"
+  gem.add_development_dependency "minitest", "= 3.4.0"
+end

data/gem-public_cert.pem

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+290ocpWJbAZG98uB33L0VfcVIGs=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

data/lib/option.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+module OptionHelpers
+  class OptionMatcher
+    attr_reader :return_value
+
+    def initialize(option)
+      @option = option
+      @return_value = nil
+    end
+
+    def case(type)
+      if type.is_a?(OptionType)
+        if @option.present?
+          option_val = @option.get
+          if option_val.is_a?(type.type)
+            @return_value = yield(option_val)
+          end
+        end
+      elsif type == SomeClass
+        if @option.present?
+          @return_value = yield(@option.get)
+        end
+      elsif type.is_a?(NoneClass)
+          if !@option.present?
+            @return_value = yield(@option)
+          end
+      else
+        raise TypeError, "can't match an Option against a #{type.to_s}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    def else
+      @return_value = yield(@option)
+    end
+  end
+
+  class OptionType
+    attr_reader :type
+
+    def initialize(type)
+      @type = type
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      def for_class(klass)
+        case klass
+          when Class
+            option_type_cache[klass] ||= OptionType.new(klass)
+          else
+            raise TypeError, "Must be a Class"
+        end
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def option_type_cache
+        @option_type_cache ||= {}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class OptionClass
+
+  def or_nil
+  end
+
+  class << self
+    def [](type)
+      OptionHelpers::OptionType.for_class(type)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def ==(that)
+    case that
+      when OptionClass then or_nil == that.or_nil
+      else or_nil == that
+    end
+  end
+
+  def match
+    matcher = OptionHelpers::OptionMatcher.new(self)
+    yield matcher
+    matcher.return_value
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def assert_option(result)
+    case result
+      when OptionClass then return result
+      else raise TypeError, "Must be an Option"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class SomeClass < OptionClass
+
+  def initialize(value)
+    @value = value
+  end
+
+  def to_a
+    [get]
+  end
+
+  def get
+    @value
+  end
+
+  def get_or_else(&blk)
+    get
+  end
+
+  def each(&blk)
+    blk.call(get)
+
+    nil
+  end
+
+  def or_nil
+    get
+  end
+
+  def present?
+    true
+  end
+
+  def empty?
+    false
+  end
+
+  def map(&blk)
+    self.class.new(blk.call(get))
+  end
+
+  def flat_map(&blk)
+    assert_option(blk.call(get))
+  end
+
+  def fold(if_empty, &blk)
+    blk.call(get)
+  end
+
+  def exists?(&blk)
+    !! blk.call(get)
+  end
+
+  def include?(value)
+    get == value
+  end
+
+  def filter(&blk)
+    exists?(&blk) ? self : None
+  end
+
+  def inside(&blk)
+    blk.call(get)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def or_else(&blk)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def flatten
+    case get
+      when OptionClass then get.flatten
+      else self
+    end
+  end
+
+  def error(*argv)
+    self
+  end
+end
+
+class NoneClass < OptionClass
+  def [](type)
+    raise TypeError, "can't specify a type of NoneClass"
+  end
+
+  def dup
+    raise TypeError, "can't dup NoneClass"
+  end
+
+  def clone
+    raise TypeError, "can't clone NoneClass"
+  end
+
+  def to_a
+    []
+  end
+
+  def get
+    raise IndexError, "None.get"
+  end
+
+  def get_or_else(&blk)
+    blk.call
+  end
+
+  def each(&blk)
+    nil
+  end
+
+  def or_nil
+    nil
+  end
+
+  def present?
+    false
+  end
+
+  def empty?
+    true
+  end
+
+  def map(&blk)
+    flat_map(&blk)
+  end
+
+  def flat_map(&blk)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def fold(if_empty, &blk)
+    if_empty.call
+  end
+
+  def exists?(&blk)
+    false
+  end
+
+  def include?(value)
+    false
+  end
+
+  def filter(&blk)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def inside(&blk)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def or_else(&blk)
+    assert_option(blk.call)
+  end
+
+  def flatten
+    self
+  end
+
+  def error(*argv)
+    argv.empty? ? raise : raise(*argv)
+  end
+end
+
+None = NoneClass.new
+Some = SomeClass
+
+def Some(value)
+  SomeClass.new(value)
+end
+
+def Option(value=nil)
+  value.nil? ? None : Some(value)
+end

data/lib/option/version.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+module Option
+  VERSION = "1.0.0"
+end

data/spec/acceptance_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+
+some = Some("test")
+upcase = lambda { |v| Some(v.upcase) }
+empty  = lambda { |v| None }
+
+describe "Option" do
+
+  describe "when applying the 3 monadic axioms" do
+
+    describe "left identity" do
+
+      it "obeys (return x) >>= f == f x" do
+        some.flat_map(&upcase).must_equal(upcase.call(some.get))
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "right identity" do
+
+      it "obeys m >>= return == m" do
+        some.flat_map { |v| Some(v) }.must_equal(some)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "associative composition" do
+
+      it "obeys (m >>= f) >>= g == m >>= (\\x -> f x >>= g)" do
+        some.flat_map(&upcase).flat_map(&empty).
+          must_equal(upcase.call(some.get).flat_map(&empty))
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/spec/option_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+require "spec_helper"
+
+describe NoneClass do
+
+  it "#dup results in a TypeError" do
+    lambda { None.dup }.must_raise TypeError
+  end
+
+  it "#clone results in a TypeError" do
+    lambda { None.clone }.must_raise TypeError
+  end
+
+  it "#to_a returns an empty array" do
+    None.to_a.must_equal([])
+  end
+
+  it "#get raises IndexError" do
+    lambda { None.get }.must_raise IndexError
+  end
+
+  it "#get_or_else executes the block" do
+    None.get_or_else { "Some" }.must_equal "Some"
+  end
+
+  it "#each does not execute the block" do
+    expected = nil
+    None.each { |v| expected = v }
+
+    expected.must_be_nil
+  end
+
+  it "#or_nil should return nil" do
+    None.or_nil.must_be_nil
+  end
+
+  it "#present? should be false" do
+    None.present?.must_equal(false)
+  end
+
+  it "#empty? should be true" do
+    None.empty?.must_equal(true)
+  end
+
+  it "#map should return itself" do
+    None.map {}.must_be_none
+  end
+
+  it "#flat_map should return itself" do
+    None.flat_map {}.must_be_none
+  end
+
+  it "#exists? should return false" do
+    None.exists? {}.must_equal(false)
+  end
+
+  it "#include? should return false" do
+    None.include?(value).must_equal(false)
+  end
+
+  it "#fold should invoke the default proc" do
+    None.fold(proc { value }) { |v| v.to_f }.must_equal(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#filter with a true predicate returns itself" do
+    Option(value).filter { |i| i == 12 }.must_be_some(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#filter with a false predicate returns None" do
+    Option(value).filter { |i| i == 1 }.must_be_none
+  end
+
+  it "should be aliased to None" do
+    None.must_be_instance_of(NoneClass)
+  end
+
+  it "#inside should return itself without invoking the block" do
+    expected = nil
+    None.inside { |v| expected = value }
+    expected.must_be_nil
+  end
+
+  it "#or_else should invoke the block and return an Option" do
+    None.or_else { Some(value) }.must_be_some(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#or_else should raise a TypeError if an Option is not returned" do
+    lambda { None.or_else { value } }.must_raise TypeError
+  end
+
+  it "#flatten should return itself" do
+    None.flatten.must_be_none
+  end
+
+  it "#error should raise a RuntimeError with the given message" do
+    lambda { None.error("error") }.must_raise RuntimeError, "error"
+  end
+
+  it "#error should raise the error passed to it" do
+    lambda { None.error(ArgumentError.new("name")) }.must_raise ArgumentError, "name"
+  end
+
+  it "should assemble an Error from the arguments passed in" do
+    lambda { None.error(StandardError, "this is a problem") }.must_raise StandardError, "this is a problem"
+  end
+
+  it "cannot be typed" do
+    lambda { None[String] }.must_raise TypeError, "can't specify a type of NoneClass"
+  end
+end
+
+describe SomeClass do
+
+  it "#to_a returns the value wrapped in an array" do
+    Some(value).to_a.must_equal([value])
+  end
+
+  it "#get returns the inner value" do
+    Some(value).get.must_equal(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#get_or_else does not execute the block;" do
+    expected = nil
+    Some(value).get_or_else { expected = true }
+
+    expected.must_be_nil
+  end
+
+  it "#get_or_else returns the value" do
+    Some(value).get_or_else { }.must_equal(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#each executes the block passing the inner value" do
+    expected = nil
+    Some(value).each { |v| expected = v }
+
+    expected.must_equal(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#or_nil should return the inner value" do
+    Some(value).or_nil.must_equal(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#present? should be true" do
+    Some(value).present?.must_equal(true)
+  end
+
+  it "#empty? should be false" do
+    Some(value).empty?.must_equal(false)
+  end
+
+  it "#map should return the result of the proc over the value in a Some" do
+    Some(value).map { |v| v * 2 }.must_be_some(24)
+  end
+
+  it "#flat_map should raise TypeError if the returned value is not an Option" do
+    lambda { Some(value).flat_map { |v| v * 2 } }.must_raise TypeError
+  end
+
+  it "#flat_map should return an Option value from the block" do
+    Some(value).flat_map { |v| Option(v * 2) }.must_be_some(24)
+  end
+
+  it "#flat_map can return None from the block" do
+    Some(value).flat_map { |_| None }.must_be_none
+  end
+
+  it "#exists? should return true when the block evaluates true" do
+    Some(value).exists? { |v| v % 2 == 0 }.must_equal(true)
+  end
+
+  it "#exists? should return false when the block evaluates false" do
+    Some(value).exists? { |v| v % 2 != 0 }.must_equal(false)
+  end
+
+  it "#include? should return true when the passed value and the boxed value are the same" do
+    Some(value).include?(value).must_equal(true)
+  end
+
+  it "#include? should return false when the passed value and the boxed value are not the same" do
+    Some(value).include?(value + 1).must_equal(false)
+  end
+
+  it "#fold should map the proc over the value and return it" do
+    Some(value).fold(proc { value * 2 }) { |v| v * 3 }.must_equal(36)
+  end
+
+  it "#filter should return itself" do
+    None.filter { |i| i == 0 }.must_be_none
+  end
+
+  it "#inside should invoke the proc and return itself" do
+    expected = nil
+    Some(value).inside { |v| expected = v }.must_be_some(value)
+    expected.must_equal(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#or_else should return itself" do
+    Some(value).or_else { None }.must_be_some(value)
+  end
+
+  it "should wrap the creation of a Some" do
+    Some(value).must_be_instance_of(SomeClass)
+  end
+
+  it "should be aliased to Some" do
+    Some.new(value).must_be_some(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#flatten" do
+    inner_value = Some(Some(Some(value))).flatten
+    inner_value.must_be_some(value)
+    inner_value.or_nil.must_equal(value)
+  end
+
+  it "#error should return the Some" do
+    value = !!(Some(value).error("error") rescue false)
+    value.must_equal true
+  end
+
+  it "can be typed" do
+    opt = Some[String]
+    opt.class.must_equal OptionHelpers::OptionType
+    opt.type.must_equal String
+  end
+
+  it "must be typed using a class, not a value" do
+    lambda { Some[5] }.must_raise TypeError, "Must be a Class"
+  end
+end
+
+describe OptionClass do
+
+  it "must return a some if the passed value is not nil" do
+    Option(value).must_be_some(value)
+  end
+
+  it "must return a None if the passed value is nil" do
+    Option(nil).must_be_none
+  end
+
+  it "should do equality checks against the boxed value" do
+    Option(value).must_equal(value)
+  end
+
+  it "allows matching typed options" do
+    Option(5).match do |matcher|
+      matcher.case(Some[Fixnum]) { |val| val * 2 }
+      matcher.case(Some[String]) { |val| "bar" }
+    end.must_equal 10
+
+    Option("foo").match do |matcher|
+      matcher.case(Some[Fixnum]) { |val| val * 2 }
+      matcher.case(Some[String]) { |val| "bar" }
+    end.must_equal "bar"
+  end
+
+  it "allows matching untyped options" do
+    Option(5).match do |matcher|
+      matcher.case(Some) { |val| val * 2 }
+    end.must_equal 10
+  end
+
+  it "allows matching on none" do
+    None.match do |matcher|
+      matcher.case(None) { "none" }
+    end.must_equal "none"
+  end
+
+  it "allows matching with an else block" do
+    Option(5).match do |matcher|
+      matcher.case(Some[String]) { |val| "bar" }
+      matcher.else { |val| val.get * 2}
+    end.must_equal 10
+  end
+
+  it "does not allow matching against non-option types" do
+    lambda do
+      Option(5).match do |matcher|
+        matcher.case(Fixnum) { 1 }
+      end
+    end.must_raise TypeError, "can't match an Option against a Fixnum"
+  end
+end

data/spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+require "minitest/autorun"
+require "minitest/pride"
+require "minitest/spec"
+
+require "option"
+
+module MiniTest::Assertions
+
+  def assert_some(value, option, msg = nil)
+    assert (option.is_a?(Some) && option.or_nil == value), "Expected Some(#{value})"
+  end
+
+  def assert_none(value, option, msg = nil)
+    assert option == None, "Expected None"
+  end
+end
+
+OptionClass.infect_an_assertion :assert_some, :must_be_some
+OptionClass.infect_an_assertion :assert_none, :must_be_none
+
+def value
+  12
+end

metadata

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+--- !ruby/object:Gem::Specification
+name: camertron-option
+version: !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+  version: 1.0.0
+platform: ruby
+authors:
+- Rob Ares
+autorequire: 
+bindir: bin
+cert_chain: []
+date: 2014-03-18 00:00:00.000000000 Z
+dependencies:
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: rake
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - '='
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 0.9.2.2
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - '='
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 0.9.2.2
+- !ruby/object:Gem::Dependency
+  name: minitest
+  requirement: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - '='
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 3.4.0
+  type: :development
+  prerelease: false
+  version_requirements: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+    requirements:
+    - - '='
+      - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+        version: 3.4.0
+description: Ruby port of Scala's Option Monad
+email:
+- rob.ares@gmail.com
+executables: []
+extensions: []
+extra_rdoc_files: []
+files:
+- .gitignore
+- .travis.yml
+- Gemfile
+- LICENSE
+- README.md
+- Rakefile
+- camertron-option.gemspec
+- ci/option.gemspec
+- gem-public_cert.pem
+- lib/option.rb
+- lib/option/version.rb
+- spec/acceptance_spec.rb
+- spec/option_spec.rb
+- spec/spec_helper.rb
+homepage: http://www.github.com/rares/option
+licenses: []
+metadata: {}
+post_install_message: 
+rdoc_options: []
+require_paths:
+- lib
+required_ruby_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - '>='
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+required_rubygems_version: !ruby/object:Gem::Requirement
+  requirements:
+  - - '>='
+    - !ruby/object:Gem::Version
+      version: '0'
+requirements: []
+rubyforge_project: 
+rubygems_version: 2.1.11
+signing_key: 
+specification_version: 4
+summary: Option attempts to be faithful to the useful parts of the scala api. We lose
+  the type safety but still is quite useful when dealing with optional values.
+test_files:
+- spec/acceptance_spec.rb
+- spec/option_spec.rb
+- spec/spec_helper.rb