bitset 1.0.0 → 1.0.1

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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-  data.tar.gz: c734af4e2b220c01b760f1e93fd05940ca79569d
+  metadata.gz: d7264d2aacb2a035cc9d03a759e3d7df802490d7
+  data.tar.gz: b67c9f93d7b5dc611807cdd148ffdcf871588bbf
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+  data.tar.gz: 77c7dd54f09f8f7f0e439324a8e01c22959e6d6a7e2d517607eb803724099173012fbd85cf736aef61a8e3519d2ac01fde340e298094e66a917f0418e4f0841a

data/README.markdown

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ Obviously you can also set and clear bits...
     >> bitset.clear(1, 5)
     => 00010001
 
+Arrays of ints can also be passed to #clear and #set (c/o brendon9x).
+
 The point of a bitset is to be, effectively, an array of single bits. It should
 support basic set and bitwise operations. So, let's look at a few of those.
 
@@ -89,8 +91,10 @@ support basic set and bitwise operations. So, let's look at a few of those.
     >> a.set? 6
     => true
 
-    # Return a new Bitset composed of bits #1, #3, #5, #4, and #1 again
-    >> a.select_bits [1,3,5,4,1]
+    # Return a new Bitset composed of bits #1, #3, #5, #4, and #1
+    # again. Unlike Array#values_at, this function currently only
+    # accepts an array of Fixnums as its argument.
+    >> a.values_at [1,3,5,4,1]
     => 00110
 
     # Tell whether all of the given bit numbers are clear
@@ -116,15 +120,15 @@ support basic set and bitwise operations. So, let's look at a few of those.
        7
 
     # Return an array of the positions of all set bits
-    >> b.each_set
+    >> b.each_set      # AKA b.to_a
     => [1, 3, 5, 7]
 
     # The following methods modify a Bitset in place very quickly:
     >> a.intersect!(b)      #  like a &= b
     >> a.union!(b)          #  like a |= b
     >> a.difference!(b)     #  like a -= b
-    >> a.xor!(b)            #  alias a.symmetric_difference!(b), like a ^= b
-    >> a.reset!
+    >> a.xor!(b)            #  like a ^= b
+    >> a.reset!             # Zeroes all bits
 
     # Above, "like" does not mean "identical to." a |= b creates a new
     # Bitset object. a.union!(b) changes an existing object which
@@ -134,6 +138,9 @@ support basic set and bitwise operations. So, let's look at a few of those.
     # equivalents between bitsets of different sizes will raise an
     # ArgumentError.
 
+    >> b.to_binary_array
+    => [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
+
     # b.dup and b.clone are also available.
 
     # Marshal.dump and Marshal.load are also supported. If you want to

data/Rakefile

@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ Jeweler::Tasks.new do |gem|
   gem.homepage = "http://github.com/ericboesch/bitset"
   gem.license = "MIT"
   gem.summary = 'Bitset implementation.'
-  gem.description = 'A fast C-based Bitset. It supports the standard set operations as well as operations you may expect on bit arrays. (popcount, for instance)'
+  gem.description = 'A fast C-based Bitset. It supports the standard set operations as well as operations you may expect on bit arrays,such as popcount.'
   gem.email = "eric.boesch@nist.gov"
   gem.authors = ["Tyler McMullen"]
+  # Other significant contributions from Eric Boesch, Gabriel Formica, and Brendon McLean.
+
 end
 Jeweler::RubygemsDotOrgTasks.new
 

data/VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.0.0
+1.0.1

data/bitset.gemspec

@@ -2,49 +2,40 @@
 # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE DIRECTLY
 # Instead, edit Jeweler::Tasks in Rakefile, and run 'rake gemspec'
 # -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
+# stub: bitset 1.0.1 ruby lib
+# stub: ext/bitset/extconf.rb
 
 Gem::Specification.new do |s|
-  s.name = %q{bitset}
-  s.version = "0.3.0"
+  s.name = "bitset".freeze
+  s.version = "1.0.1"
 
-  s.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 0") if s.respond_to? :required_rubygems_version=
-  s.authors = ["Tyler McMullen", "Eric Boesch"]
-  s.date = %q{2016-02-22}
-  s.description = %q{A fast C-based Bitset. It supports the standard set operations as well as operations you may expect on bit arrays. (popcount, for instance)}
-  s.email = %q{ericboesch@gmail.com}
-  s.extensions = ["ext/bitset/extconf.rb"]
+  s.required_rubygems_version = Gem::Requirement.new(">= 0".freeze) if s.respond_to? :required_rubygems_version=
+  s.require_paths = ["lib".freeze]
+  s.authors = ["Tyler McMullen".freeze]
+  s.date = "2017-05-26"
+  s.description = "A fast C-based Bitset. It supports the standard set operations as well as operations you may expect on bit arrays,such as popcount.".freeze
+  s.email = "eric.boesch@nist.gov".freeze
+  s.extensions = ["ext/bitset/extconf.rb".freeze]
   s.extra_rdoc_files = [
     "LICENSE.txt",
-    "README.rdoc"
+    "README.markdown"
   ]
   s.files = [
     "LICENSE.txt",
-    "README.rdoc",
+    "README.markdown",
     "Rakefile",
     "VERSION",
     "bitset.gemspec",
     "ext/bitset/bitset.c",
+    "ext/bitset/builtin.h",
+    "ext/bitset/exact-int.h",
     "ext/bitset/extconf.rb",
-    "lib/bitset/bitset.rb",
+    "lib/bitset.rb",
     "spec/bitset_spec.rb"
   ]
-  s.homepage = %q{http://github.com/ericboesch/bitset}
-  s.licenses = ["MIT"]
-  s.require_paths = ["lib"]
-  s.rubygems_version = %q{1.3.7}
-  s.summary = %q{Bitset implementation.}
-  s.test_files = [
-    "spec/bitset_spec.rb"
-  ]
-
-  if s.respond_to? :specification_version then
-    current_version = Gem::Specification::CURRENT_SPECIFICATION_VERSION
-    s.specification_version = 3
-
-    if Gem::Version.new(Gem::VERSION) >= Gem::Version.new('1.2.0') then
-    else
-    end
-  else
-  end
+  s.homepage = "http://github.com/ericboesch/bitset".freeze
+  s.licenses = ["MIT".freeze]
+  s.rubygems_version = "2.6.12".freeze
+  s.summary = "Bitset implementation.".freeze
 end
 

data/ext/bitset/bitset.c

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "ruby.h"
+#include "builtin.h"
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -105,11 +106,21 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_aset(VALUE self, VALUE index, VALUE value) {
 static VALUE rb_bitset_set(int argc, VALUE * argv, VALUE self) {
     int i;
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
-    for(i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-        VALUE index = argv[i];
-        int idx = NUM2INT(index);
-        validate_index(bs, idx);
-        _set_bit(bs, idx);
+
+    if (argc == 1 && rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Array")))) {
+        for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]); i++) {
+            VALUE index = RARRAY_PTR(argv[0])[i];
+            int idx = NUM2INT(index);
+            validate_index(bs, idx);
+            _set_bit(bs, idx);
+        }
+    } else {
+        for(i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+            VALUE index = argv[i];
+            int idx = NUM2INT(index);
+            validate_index(bs, idx);
+            _set_bit(bs, idx);
+        }
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -117,11 +128,21 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_set(int argc, VALUE * argv, VALUE self) {
 static VALUE rb_bitset_clear(int argc, VALUE * argv, VALUE self) {
     int i;
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
-    for(i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-        VALUE index = argv[i];
-        int idx = NUM2INT(index);
-        validate_index(bs, idx);
-        _clear_bit(bs, idx);
+
+    if (argc == 1 && rb_obj_is_kind_of(argv[0], rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Array")))) {
+        for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(argv[0]); i++) {
+            VALUE index = RARRAY_PTR(argv[0])[i];
+            int idx = NUM2INT(index);
+            validate_index(bs, idx);
+            _clear_bit(bs, idx);
+        }
+    } else {
+        for(i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+            VALUE index = argv[i];
+            int idx = NUM2INT(index);
+            validate_index(bs, idx);
+            _clear_bit(bs, idx);
+        }
     }
     return Qtrue;
 }
@@ -158,7 +179,7 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_cardinality(VALUE self) {
     int max = INTS(bs);
     int count = 0;
     for(i = 0; i < max; i++) {
-        count += __builtin_popcountll(bs->data[i]);
+        count += psnip_builtin_popcount64(bs->data[i]);
     }
     return INT2NUM(count);
 }
@@ -166,13 +187,14 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_cardinality(VALUE self) {
 static VALUE rb_bitset_intersect(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
     Bitset * other_bs = get_bitset(other);
-    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
+    Bitset * new_bs;
+    int max = INTS(bs);
+    int i;
 
-    Bitset * new_bs = bitset_new();
+    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
+    new_bs = bitset_new();
     bitset_setup(new_bs, bs->len);
 
-    int max = INTS(bs);
-    int i;
     for(i = 0; i < max; i++) {
         uint64_t segment = bs->data[i];
         uint64_t other_segment = other_bs->data[i];
@@ -185,13 +207,14 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_intersect(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 static VALUE rb_bitset_union(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
     Bitset * other_bs = get_bitset(other);
-    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
+    Bitset * new_bs;
+    int max = INTS(bs);
+    int i;
 
-    Bitset * new_bs = bitset_new();
+    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
+    new_bs = bitset_new();
     bitset_setup(new_bs, bs->len);
 
-    int max = INTS(bs);
-    int i;
     for(i = 0; i < max; i++) {
         uint64_t segment = bs->data[i];
         uint64_t other_segment = other_bs->data[i];
@@ -204,13 +227,14 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_union(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 static VALUE rb_bitset_difference(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
     Bitset * other_bs = get_bitset(other);
-    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
+    Bitset * new_bs;
+    int max = INTS(bs);
+    int i;
 
-    Bitset * new_bs = bitset_new();
+    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
+    new_bs = bitset_new();
     bitset_setup(new_bs, bs->len);
 
-    int max = INTS(bs);
-    int i;
     for(i = 0; i < max; i++) {
         uint64_t segment = bs->data[i];
         uint64_t other_segment = other_bs->data[i];
@@ -223,13 +247,14 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_difference(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 static VALUE rb_bitset_xor(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
     Bitset * other_bs = get_bitset(other);
-    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
+    Bitset * new_bs;
+    int max = INTS(bs);
+    int i;
 
-    Bitset * new_bs = bitset_new();
+    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
+    new_bs = bitset_new();
     bitset_setup(new_bs, bs->len);
 
-    int max = INTS(bs);
-    int i;
     for(i = 0; i < max; i++) {
         uint64_t segment = bs->data[i];
         uint64_t other_segment = other_bs->data[i];
@@ -241,13 +266,11 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_xor(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
 
 static VALUE rb_bitset_not(VALUE self) {
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
-
     Bitset * new_bs = bitset_new();
-    bitset_setup(new_bs, bs->len);
-
     int max = INTS(bs);
-
     int i;
+
+    bitset_setup(new_bs, bs->len);
     for(i = 0; i < max; i++) {
         uint64_t segment = bs->data[i];
         new_bs->data[i] = ~segment;
@@ -274,11 +297,11 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_to_s(VALUE self) {
 static VALUE rb_bitset_from_s(VALUE self, VALUE s) {
     int length = RSTRING_LEN(s);
     char* data = StringValuePtr(s);
-
     Bitset * new_bs = bitset_new();
+    int i;
+
     bitset_setup(new_bs, length);
 
-    int i;
     for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
         if (data[i] == '1') {
             _set_bit(new_bs, i);
@@ -298,7 +321,7 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_hamming(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
     for(i = 0; i < max; i++) {
         uint64_t segment = bs->data[i];
         uint64_t other_segment = other_bs->data[i];
-        count += __builtin_popcountll(segment ^ other_segment);
+        count += psnip_builtin_popcount64(segment ^ other_segment);
     }
 
     return INT2NUM(count);
@@ -318,7 +341,7 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_each(VALUE self) {
 static VALUE rb_bitset_marshall_dump(VALUE self) {
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
     VALUE hash = rb_hash_new();
-    VALUE data = rb_str_new(bs->data, BYTES(bs));
+    VALUE data = rb_str_new((const char *) bs->data, BYTES(bs));
 
     rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("len")), UINT2NUM(bs->len));
     rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("data")), data);
@@ -340,13 +363,25 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_marshall_load(VALUE self, VALUE hash) {
     return Qnil;
 }
 
+static VALUE rb_bitset_to_binary_array(VALUE self) {
+    Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
+    int i;
+
+    VALUE array = rb_ary_new2(bs->len / 2);
+    for(i = 0; i < bs->len; i++) {
+        rb_ary_push(array, INT2NUM(_get_bit(bs, i) > 0 ? 1 : 0));
+    }
+
+    return array;
+}
+
 static VALUE rb_bitset_dup(VALUE self) {
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
+    int max = INTS(bs);
 
     Bitset * new_bs = bitset_new();
     bitset_setup(new_bs, bs->len);
 
-    int max = INTS(bs);
     memcpy(new_bs->data, bs->data, max * sizeof(bs->data[0]));
     return Data_Wrap_Struct(cBitset, 0, bitset_free, new_bs);
 }
@@ -372,7 +407,7 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_each_set(VALUE self) {
           VALUE v;
 
           if (!(segment & 1)) {
-             int shift = __builtin_ctzll(segment);
+             int shift = psnip_builtin_ctz64(segment);
              bit_position += shift;
              segment >>= shift;
           }
@@ -404,10 +439,9 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_empty_p(VALUE self) {
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
-static VALUE rb_bitset_select_bits(VALUE self, VALUE index_array) {
+static VALUE rb_bitset_values_at(VALUE self, VALUE index_array) {
     int i;
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
-    struct RArray *arr = RARRAY(index_array);
     int blen = bs->len;
     int alen = RARRAY_LEN(index_array);
     VALUE *ptr = RARRAY_PTR(index_array);
@@ -443,10 +477,10 @@ static VALUE rb_bitset_equal(VALUE self, VALUE other) {
     int i;
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
     Bitset * other_bs = get_bitset(other);
+    int max = INTS(bs);
 
     if (bs->len != other_bs->len)
        return Qfalse;
-    int max = INTS(bs);
     for(i = 0; i < max; i++) {
        if (bs->data[i] != other_bs->data[i]) {
           return Qfalse;
@@ -464,10 +498,10 @@ inline uint64_t difference(uint64_t a, uint64_t b) { return a & ~b; }
 static VALUE mutable(VALUE self, VALUE other, bitwise_op operator) {
     Bitset * bs = get_bitset(self);
     Bitset * other_bs = get_bitset(other);
-    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
-
     int max = INTS(bs);
     int i;
+    verify_equal_size(bs, other_bs);
+
     for(i = 0; i < max; i++) {
         uint64_t segment = bs->data[i];
         uint64_t other_segment = other_bs->data[i];
@@ -539,11 +573,16 @@ void Init_bitset() {
     rb_define_singleton_method(cBitset, "from_s", rb_bitset_from_s, 1);
     rb_define_method(cBitset, "marshal_dump", rb_bitset_marshall_dump, 0);
     rb_define_method(cBitset, "marshal_load", rb_bitset_marshall_load, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cBitset, "to_binary_array", rb_bitset_to_binary_array, 0);
     rb_define_method(cBitset, "dup", rb_bitset_dup, 0);
     rb_define_alias(cBitset, "clone", "dup");
     rb_define_method(cBitset, "each_set", rb_bitset_each_set, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(cBitset, "to_a", "each_set");
+    /* #each_set allows an optional block, and #to_a normally doesn't.
+        But an alias is simpler than having two different functions. */
     rb_define_method(cBitset, "empty?", rb_bitset_empty_p, 0);
-    rb_define_method(cBitset, "select_bits", rb_bitset_select_bits, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cBitset, "values_at", rb_bitset_values_at, 1);
+    rb_define_alias(cBitset, "select_bits", "values_at");
     rb_define_method(cBitset, "reverse", rb_bitset_reverse, 0);
     rb_define_method(cBitset, "==", rb_bitset_equal, 1);
 }

data/ext/bitset/builtin.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1390 @@
+/* Builtins and Intrinsics
+ * Portable Snippets - https://gitub.com/nemequ/portable-snippets
+ * Created by Evan Nemerson <evan@nemerson.com>
+ *
+ *   To the extent possible under law, the authors have waived all
+ *   copyright and related or neighboring rights to this code.  For
+ *   details, see the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal license at
+ *   https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
+ *
+ * Some of these implementations are based on code from
+ * https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html which is also
+ * public domain (and a fantastic web site).
+ */
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_H)
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN_H
+
+#if defined(HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor) HEDLEY_GCC_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor,0)
+#elif defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_builtin)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor) __has_builtin(builtin)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor) (__GNUC__ > major || (major == __GNUC__ && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= minor))
+#else
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin,major,minor) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin) HEDLEY_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin)
+#elif defined(__has_builtin)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin) __has_builtin(builtin)
+#else
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN(builtin) (0)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(intrin,major,minor) HEDLEY_MSVC_VERSION_CHECK(major,minor,0)
+#elif !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(intrin,major,minor) (0)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(intrin,major,minor) (_MSC_FULL_VER >= ((major * 1000000) + (minor * 10000)))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(intrin,major,minor) (_MSC_FULL_VER >= ((major * 100000) + (minor * 1000)))
+#else
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(intrin,major,minor) (_MSC_VER >= ((major * 100) + (minor)))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#if defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86) || \
+  defined(__amd64) || defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(__x86_64)
+#  if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__ENABLE_X86
+#  elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__ENABLE_X86
+#    include <x86intrin.h>
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__amd64) || defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(__x86_64)
+#  if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__ENABLE_AMD64
+#  elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__ENABLE_AMD64
+#    include <x86intrin.h>
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if \
+  !defined(psnip_int64_t) || !defined(psnip_uint64_t) || \
+  !defined(psnip_int32_t) || !defined(psnip_uint32_t) || \
+  !defined(psnip_int16_t) || !defined(psnip_uint16_t) || \
+  !defined(psnip_int8_t)  || !defined(psnip_uint8_t)
+#  include "exact-int.h"
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HEDLEY_LIKELY) && defined(HEDLEY_UNLIKELY)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_LIKELY(expr) HEDLEY_LIKELY(expr)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(expr) HEDLEY_UNLIKELY(expr)
+#elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_expect,3,0)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_LIKELY(expr) __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 1)
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(expr) __builtin_expect(!!(expr), 0)
+#else
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_LIKELY(expr) (!!(expr))
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(expr) (!!(expr))
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_STATIC_INLINE)
+#  if defined(__GNUC__)
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__COMPILER_ATTRIBUTES __attribute__((__unused__))
+#  else
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__COMPILER_ATTRIBUTES
+#  endif
+
+#  if defined(HEDLEY_INLINE)
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__INLINE HEDLEY_INLINE
+#  elif defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__INLINE inline
+#  elif defined(__GNUC_STDC_INLINE__)
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__INLINE __inline__
+#  elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1200
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__INLINE __inline
+#  else
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__INLINE
+#  endif
+
+#  define PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION PSNIP_BUILTIN__COMPILER_ATTRIBUTES static PSNIP_BUILTIN__INLINE
+#endif
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_B  1
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_S  2
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_   3
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_L  4
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_LL 5
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_CHAR)
+#  if   CHAR_MIN == (-0x7fLL-1) && CHAR_MAX == 0x7fLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_CHAR 8
+#  elif CHAR_MIN == (-0x7fffLL-1) && CHAR_MAX == 0x7fffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_CHAR 16
+#  elif CHAR_MIN == (-0x7fffffffLL-1) && CHAR_MAX == 0x7fffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_CHAR 32
+#  elif CHAR_MIN == (-0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1) && CHAR_MAX == 0x7fffffffffffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_CHAR 64
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_SHRT)
+#  if   SHRT_MIN == (-0x7fLL-1) && SHRT_MAX == 0x7fLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_SHRT 8
+#  elif SHRT_MIN == (-0x7fffLL-1) && SHRT_MAX == 0x7fffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_SHRT 16
+#  elif SHRT_MIN == (-0x7fffffffLL-1) && SHRT_MAX == 0x7fffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_SHRT 32
+#  elif SHRT_MIN == (-0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1) && SHRT_MAX == 0x7fffffffffffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_SHRT 64
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT)
+#  if   INT_MIN == (-0x7fLL-1) && INT_MAX == 0x7fLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT 8
+#  elif INT_MIN == (-0x7fffLL-1) && INT_MAX == 0x7fffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT 16
+#  elif INT_MIN == (-0x7fffffffLL-1) && INT_MAX == 0x7fffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT 32
+#  elif INT_MIN == (-0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1) && INT_MAX == 0x7fffffffffffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT 64
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG)
+#  if   LONG_MIN == (-0x7fLL-1) && LONG_MAX == 0x7fLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG 8
+#  elif LONG_MIN == (-0x7fffLL-1) && LONG_MAX == 0x7fffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG 16
+#  elif LONG_MIN == (-0x7fffffffLL-1) && LONG_MAX == 0x7fffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG 32
+#  elif LONG_MIN == (-0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1) && LONG_MAX == 0x7fffffffffffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG 64
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG)
+#  if   LLONG_MIN == (-0x7fLL-1) && LLONG_MAX == 0x7fLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG 8
+#  elif LLONG_MIN == (-0x7fffLL-1) && LLONG_MAX == 0x7fffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG 16
+#  elif LLONG_MIN == (-0x7fffffffLL-1) && LLONG_MAX == 0x7fffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG 32
+#  elif LLONG_MIN == (-0x7fffffffffffffffLL-1) && LLONG_MAX == 0x7fffffffffffffffLL
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG 64
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8)
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_CHAR == 8
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_B
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_SHRT == 8
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_S
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT == 8
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == 8
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_L
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG == 8
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_LL
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16)
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_CHAR == 16
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_B
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_SHRT == 16
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_S
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT == 16
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == 16
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_L
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG == 16
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_LL
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32)
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_CHAR == 32
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_B
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_SHRT == 32
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_S
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT == 32
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == 32
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_L
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG == 32
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_LL
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64)
+#  if defined(__APPLE__) && PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG == 64
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_LL
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_CHAR == 64
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_B
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_SHRT == 64
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_S
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT == 64
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == 64
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_L
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG == 64
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUFFIX_LL
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8)
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 == 1
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT8(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##b
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 == 2
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT8(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##s
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 == 3
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT8(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT8(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 == 4
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT8(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name##l
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT8(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##l
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT8 == 5
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT8(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name##ll
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT8(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##ll
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16)
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 == 1
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT16(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##b
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 == 2
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT16(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##s
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 == 3
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT16(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT16(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 == 4
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT16(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name##l
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT16(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##l
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT16 == 5
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT16(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name##ll
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT16(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##ll
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32)
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 == 1
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT32(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##b
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 == 2
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT32(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##s
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 == 3
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT32(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 == 4
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name##l
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT32(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##l
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT32 == 5
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name##ll
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT32(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##ll
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64)
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 == 1
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT64(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##b
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 == 2
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT64(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##s
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 == 3
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT64(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 == 4
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name##l
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT64(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##l
+#  elif PSNIP_BUILTIN_SUFFIX_INT64 == 5
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(prefix,name)  prefix##_builtin_##name##ll
+#    define PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT64(prefix,name) prefix##_builtin_##name##ll
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/******
+ *** GCC-style built-ins
+ ******/
+
+/*** __builtin_ffs ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__FFS_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION				\
+  int psnip_builtin_##f_n(T x) {			\
+    static const char psnip_builtin_ffs_lookup[256] = { \
+      0, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      5, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      6, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      5, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      7, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      5, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      6, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      5, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      8, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      5, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      6, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      5, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      7, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      5, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      6, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1,	\
+      5, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1	\
+    };							\
+							\
+    unsigned char t;					\
+    size_t s = 0;					\
+							\
+    while (s < (sizeof(T) * 8)) {			\
+      t = (unsigned char) ((x >> s) & 0xff);		\
+      if (t)						\
+        return psnip_builtin_ffs_lookup[t] + s;		\
+							\
+      s += 8;						\
+    }							\
+							\
+    return 0;						\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_ffs, 3, 3)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ffs(x)   __builtin_ffs(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ffsl(x)  __builtin_ffsl(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ffsll(x) __builtin_ffsll(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ffs32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(_,ffs)(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ffs64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(_,ffs)(x)
+#else
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_BitScanForward, 14, 0)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_ffsll(long long v) {
+  unsigned long r;
+#    if defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)
+  if (_BitScanForward64(&r, (unsigned long long) v)) {
+    return (int) (r + 1);
+  }
+#    else
+  if (_BitScanForward(&r, (unsigned long) (v))) {
+    return (int) (r + 1);
+  } else if (_BitScanForward(&r, (unsigned long) (v >> 32))) {
+    return (int) (r + 33);
+  }
+#    endif
+  return 0;
+}
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_ffsl(long v) {
+  unsigned long r;
+  if (_BitScanForward(&r, (unsigned long) v)) {
+    return (int) (r + 1);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_ffs(int v) {
+  return psnip_builtin_ffsl(v);
+}
+#  else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FFS_DEFINE_PORTABLE(ffs, int)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FFS_DEFINE_PORTABLE(ffsl, long)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FFS_DEFINE_PORTABLE(ffsll, long long)
+#  endif
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_ffsll(v) psnip_builtin_ffsll(v)
+#    define __builtin_ffsl(v)  psnip_builtin_ffsl(v)
+#    define __builtin_ffs(v)   psnip_builtin_ffs(v)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_ffs32)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ffs32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(psnip,ffs)(x)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_ffs64)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ffs64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(psnip,ffs)(x)
+#endif
+
+/*** __builtin_clz ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__CLZ_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION				\
+  int psnip_builtin_##f_n(T x) {			\
+    static const char psnip_builtin_clz_lookup[256] = {	\
+      7, 7, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,	\
+      3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,	\
+      2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,	\
+      2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,	\
+      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,	\
+      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,	\
+      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,	\
+      1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,	\
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	\
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	\
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	\
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	\
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	\
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	\
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,	\
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0	\
+    };							\
+    size_t s = sizeof(T) * 8;				\
+    T r;						\
+							\
+    while ((s -= 8) != 0) {				\
+      r = x >> s;					\
+      if (r != 0)					\
+        return psnip_builtin_clz_lookup[r] +		\
+          (((sizeof(T) - 1) * 8) - s);			\
+    }							\
+							\
+    if (x == 0)						\
+      return (int) ((sizeof(T) * 8) - 1);		\
+    else						\
+      return psnip_builtin_clz_lookup[x] +		\
+        ((sizeof(T) - 1) * 8);				\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_clz, 3, 4)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clz(x)   __builtin_clz(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clzl(x)  __builtin_clzl(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clzll(x) __builtin_clzll(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clz32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(_,clz)(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clz64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(_,clz)(x)
+#else
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_BitScanReverse,14,0)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_clzll(unsigned long long v) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+#    if defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)
+  if (_BitScanReverse64(&r, v)) {
+    return 63 - r;
+  }
+#    else
+  if (_BitScanReverse(&r, (unsigned long) (v >> 32))) {
+    return 31 - r;
+  } else if (_BitScanReverse(&r, (unsigned long) v)) {
+    return 63 - r;
+  }
+#    endif
+  return 63;
+}
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_clzl(unsigned long v) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+  if (_BitScanReverse(&r, v)) {
+    return 31 - r;
+  }
+  return 31;
+}
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_clz(unsigned int v) {
+  return psnip_builtin_clzl(v);
+}
+#    define psnip_builtin_clz32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(psnip,clz)(x)
+#    define psnip_builtin_clz64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(psnip,clz)(x)
+#  else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_clz32(psnip_uint32_t v) {
+  static const unsigned char MultiplyDeBruijnBitPosition[] = {
+    0,  9,  1, 10, 13, 21,  2, 29, 11, 14, 16, 18, 22, 25,  3, 30,
+    8, 12, 20, 28, 15, 17, 24,  7, 19, 27, 23,  6, 26,  5,  4, 31
+  };
+
+  v |= v >> 1;
+  v |= v >> 2;
+  v |= v >> 4;
+  v |= v >> 8;
+  v |= v >> 16;
+
+  return
+    ((sizeof(psnip_uint32_t) * CHAR_BIT) - 1) -
+    MultiplyDeBruijnBitPosition[(psnip_uint32_t)(v * 0x07C4ACDDU) >> 27];
+}
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_clz64(psnip_uint64_t v) {
+  static const unsigned char MultiplyDeBruijnBitPosition[] = {
+     0, 47,  1, 56, 48, 27,  2, 60, 57, 49, 41, 37, 28, 16,  3, 61,
+    54, 58, 35, 52, 50, 42, 21, 44, 38, 32, 29, 23, 17, 11,  4, 62,
+    46, 55, 26, 59, 40, 36, 15, 53, 34, 51, 20, 43, 31, 22, 10, 45,
+    25, 39, 14, 33, 19, 30,  9, 24, 13, 18,  8, 12,  7,  6,  5, 63
+  };
+
+  v |= v >> 1;
+  v |= v >> 2;
+  v |= v >> 4;
+  v |= v >> 8;
+  v |= v >> 16;
+  v |= v >> 32;
+
+  return
+    ((sizeof(psnip_uint64_t) * CHAR_BIT) - 1) -
+    MultiplyDeBruijnBitPosition[(psnip_uint64_t)(v * 0x03F79D71B4CB0A89ULL) >> 58];
+}
+
+#    if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT == 32
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_clz(unsigned int x) { return psnip_builtin_clz32(x); }
+#    elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT == 64
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_clz(unsigned int x) { return psnip_builtin_clz64(x); }
+#    else
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__CLZ_DEFINE_PORTABLE(clz, unsigned int)
+#    endif
+
+#    if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == 32
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_clzl(unsigned long x) { return psnip_builtin_clz32(x); }
+#    elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == 64
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_clzl(unsigned long x) { return psnip_builtin_clz64(x); }
+#    else
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__CLZ_DEFINE_PORTABLE(clzl, unsigned long)
+#    endif
+
+#    if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG == 32
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_clzll(unsigned long long x) { return psnip_builtin_clz32(x); }
+#    elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG == 64
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_clzll(unsigned long long x) { return psnip_builtin_clz64(x); }
+#    else
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__CLZ_DEFINE_PORTABLE(clzll, unsigned long long)
+#    endif
+
+#  endif
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_clz(x)   psnip_builtin_clz(x)
+#    define __builtin_clzl(x)  psnip_builtin_clzl(x)
+#    define __builtin_clzll(x) psnip_builtin_clzll(x)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_clz32)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clz32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(psnip,clz)(x)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_clz64)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clz64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(psnip,clz)(x)
+#endif
+
+/*** __builtin_ctz ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__CTZ_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION				\
+  int psnip_builtin_##f_n(T x) {			\
+    static const char psnip_builtin_ctz_lookup[256] = {	\
+      0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      6, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      7, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      6, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0,	\
+      4, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0	\
+    };							\
+    size_t s = 0;					\
+    T r;						\
+							\
+    do {						\
+      r = (x >> s) & 0xff;				\
+      if (r != 0)					\
+        return psnip_builtin_ctz_lookup[r] + (char) s;	\
+    } while ((s += 8) < (sizeof(T) * 8));		\
+							\
+    return (int) sizeof(T) - 1;				\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_ctz, 3, 4)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ctz(x)   __builtin_ctz(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ctzl(x)  __builtin_ctzl(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ctzll(x) __builtin_ctzll(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ctz32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(_,ctz)(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ctz64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(_,ctz)(x)
+#else
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_BitScanForward, 14, 0)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_ctzll(unsigned long long v) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+#    if defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM)
+  _BitScanForward64(&r, v);
+  return (int) r;
+#    else
+  if (_BitScanForward(&r, (unsigned int) (v)))
+    return (int) (r);
+
+  _BitScanForward(&r, (unsigned int) (v >> 32));
+  return (int) (r + 32);
+#    endif
+}
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_ctzl(unsigned long v) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+  _BitScanForward(&r, v);
+  return (int) r;
+}
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_ctz(unsigned int v) {
+  return psnip_builtin_ctzl(v);
+}
+#    define psnip_builtin_ctz32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(psnip,ctz)(x)
+#    define psnip_builtin_ctz64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(psnip,ctz)(x)
+#  else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_ctz32(psnip_uint32_t v) {
+  static const unsigned char MultiplyDeBruijnBitPosition[] = {
+     0,  1, 28,  2, 29, 14, 24,  3, 30, 22, 20, 15, 25, 17,  4,  8,
+    31, 27, 13, 23, 21, 19, 16,  7, 26, 12, 18,  6, 11,  5, 10,  9
+  };
+
+  return
+    MultiplyDeBruijnBitPosition[((psnip_uint32_t)((v & -v) * 0x077CB531U)) >> 27];
+}
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+int psnip_builtin_ctz64(psnip_uint64_t v) {
+  static const unsigned char MultiplyDeBruijnBitPosition[] = {
+     0,  1, 56,  2, 57, 49, 28,  3, 61, 58, 42, 50, 38, 29, 17,  4,
+    62, 47, 59, 36, 45, 43, 51, 22, 53, 39, 33, 30, 24, 18, 12,  5,
+    63, 55, 48, 27, 60, 41, 37, 16, 46, 35, 44, 21, 52, 32, 23, 11,
+    54, 26, 40, 15, 34, 20, 31, 10, 25, 14, 19,  9, 13,  8,  7,  6
+  };
+
+  return
+    MultiplyDeBruijnBitPosition[((psnip_uint64_t)((v & -v) * 0x03f79d71b4ca8b09ULL)) >> 58];
+}
+
+#    if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT == 32
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_ctz(unsigned int x) { return psnip_builtin_ctz32(x); }
+#    elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT == 64
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_ctz(unsigned int x) { return psnip_builtin_ctz64(x); }
+#    else
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__CTZ_DEFINE_PORTABLE(ctz, unsigned int)
+#    endif
+
+#    if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == 32
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_ctzl(unsigned long x) { return psnip_builtin_ctz32(x); }
+#    elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == 64
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_ctzl(unsigned long x) { return psnip_builtin_ctz64(x); }
+#    else
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__CTZ_DEFINE_PORTABLE(ctzl, unsigned long)
+#    endif
+
+#    if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG == 32
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_ctzll(unsigned long long x) { return psnip_builtin_ctz32(x); }
+#    elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG == 64
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION int psnip_builtin_ctzll(unsigned long long x) { return psnip_builtin_ctz64(x); }
+#    else
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__CTZ_DEFINE_PORTABLE(ctzll, unsigned long long)
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_ctz(x)   psnip_builtin_ctz(x)
+#    define __builtin_ctzl(x)  psnip_builtin_ctzl(x)
+#    define __builtin_ctzll(x) psnip_builtin_ctzll(x)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_ctz32)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ctz32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(psnip,ctz)(x)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_ctz64)
+#  define psnip_builtin_ctz64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(psnip,ctz)(x)
+#endif
+
+/*** __builtin_parity ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__PARITY_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T)			\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION						\
+  int psnip_builtin_##f_n(T v) {					\
+    size_t i;								\
+    for (i = (sizeof(T) * CHAR_BIT) / 2 ; i > 2 ; i /= 2)		\
+      v ^= v >> i;							\
+    v &= 0xf;								\
+    return (0x6996 >> v) & 1;						\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_parity, 3, 4)
+#  define psnip_builtin_parity(x)   __builtin_parity(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_parityl(x)  __builtin_parityl(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_parityll(x) __builtin_parityll(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_parity32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(_,parity)(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_parity64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(_,parity)(x)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__PARITY_DEFINE_PORTABLE(parity, unsigned int)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__PARITY_DEFINE_PORTABLE(parityl, unsigned long)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__PARITY_DEFINE_PORTABLE(parityll, unsigned long long)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_parity(x)   psnip_builtin_parity(x)
+#    define __builtin_parityl(x)  psnip_builtin_parityl(x)
+#    define __builtin_parityll(x) psnip_builtin_parityll(x)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_parity32)
+#  define psnip_builtin_parity32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(psnip,parity)(x)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_parity64)
+#  define psnip_builtin_parity64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(psnip,parity)(x)
+#endif
+
+/*** __builtin_popcount ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__POPCOUNT_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T)	    \
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION				    \
+  int psnip_builtin_##f_n(T x) {                            \
+    x = x - ((x >> 1) & (T)~(T)0/3);                        \
+    x = (x & (T)~(T)0/15*3) + ((x >> 2) & (T)~(T)0/15*3);   \
+    x = (x + (x >> 4)) & (T)~(T)0/255*15;                   \
+    return (T)(x * ((T)~(T)0/255)) >> (sizeof(T) - 1) * 8;  \
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_popcount, 3, 4)
+#  define psnip_builtin_popcount(x)   __builtin_popcount(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_popcountl(x)  __builtin_popcountl(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_popcountll(x) __builtin_popcountll(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_popcount32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(_,popcount)(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_popcount64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(_,popcount)(x)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__POPCOUNT_DEFINE_PORTABLE(popcount, unsigned int)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__POPCOUNT_DEFINE_PORTABLE(popcountl, unsigned long)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__POPCOUNT_DEFINE_PORTABLE(popcountll, unsigned long long)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_popcount(x)   psnip_builtin_popcount(x)
+#    define __builtin_popcountl(x)  psnip_builtin_popcountl(x)
+#    define __builtin_popcountll(x) psnip_builtin_popcountll(x)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_popcount32)
+#  define psnip_builtin_popcount32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(psnip,popcount)(x)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_popcount64)
+#  define psnip_builtin_popcount64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(psnip,popcount)(x)
+#endif
+
+/*** __builtin_clrsb ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__CLRSB_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, clzfn, T) \
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION				    \
+  int psnip_builtin_##f_n(T x) {                            \
+    return (PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(x == -1) ?		    \
+	    ((int) sizeof(x) * 8) :			    \
+	    psnip_builtin_##clzfn((x < 0) ? ~x : x)) - 1;   \
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_clrsb, 4, 7)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clrsb(x)   __builtin_clrsb(x)
+#  if !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#    define psnip_builtin_clrsbl(x)  __builtin_clrsbl(x)
+#  else
+#    if PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_INT
+#      define psnip_builtin_clrsbl(x) ((long) __builtin_clrsb((int) x))
+#    elif PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LONG == PSNIP_BUILTIN__SIZEOF_LLONG
+#      define psnip_builtin_clrsbl(x) ((long) __builtin_clrsbll((long long) x))
+#    else
+       PSNIP_BUILTIN__CLRSB_DEFINE_PORTABLE(clrsbl, clzl, long)
+#    endif
+#    if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#      define __builtin_clrsbl(x)  psnip_builtin_clrsbl(x)
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#  define psnip_builtin_clrsbll(x) __builtin_clrsbll(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clrsb32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(_,clrsb)(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clrsb64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(_,clrsb)(x)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__CLRSB_DEFINE_PORTABLE(clrsb, clz, int)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__CLRSB_DEFINE_PORTABLE(clrsbl, clzl, long)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__CLRSB_DEFINE_PORTABLE(clrsbll, clzll, long long)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_clrsb(x)   psnip_builtin_clrsb(x)
+#    define __builtin_clrsbl(x)  psnip_builtin_clrsbl(x)
+#    define __builtin_clrsbll(x) psnip_builtin_clrsbll(x)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_clrsb32)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clrsb32(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT32(psnip,clrsb)(x)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_clrsb64)
+#  define psnip_builtin_clrsb64(x) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT_INT64(psnip,clrsb)(x)
+#endif
+
+/*** __builtin_bitreverse ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITREVERSE_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION					\
+  T psnip_builtin_##f_n(T x) {					\
+    size_t s = sizeof(x) * CHAR_BIT;				\
+    T mask = (T) 0U;						\
+    mask = ~mask;						\
+    while ((s >>= 1) > 0) {					\
+      mask ^= (mask << s);					\
+      x = ((x >> s) & mask) | ((x << s) & ~mask);		\
+    }								\
+    return x;							\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_bitreverse64) && !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+#  define psnip_builtin_bitreverse8(x)  __builtin_bitreverse8(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_bitreverse16(x) __builtin_bitreverse16(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_bitreverse32(x) __builtin_bitreverse32(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_bitreverse64(x) __builtin_bitreverse64(x)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+psnip_uint8_t psnip_builtin_bitreverse8(psnip_uint8_t v) {
+  return (psnip_uint8_t) ((v * 0x0202020202ULL & 0x010884422010ULL) % 1023);
+}
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITREVERSE_DEFINE_PORTABLE(bitreverse16, psnip_uint16_t)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITREVERSE_DEFINE_PORTABLE(bitreverse32, psnip_uint32_t)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITREVERSE_DEFINE_PORTABLE(bitreverse64, psnip_uint64_t)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_bitreverse8(x)  psnip_builtin_bitreverse8(x)
+#    define __builtin_bitreverse16(x) psnip_builtin_bitreverse16(x)
+#    define __builtin_bitreverse32(x) psnip_builtin_bitreverse32(x)
+#    define __builtin_bitreverse64(x) psnip_builtin_bitreverse64(x)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** __builtin_addc ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__ADDC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION				\
+  T psnip_builtin_##f_n(T x, T y, T ci, T* co) {	\
+    T max = 0;						\
+    T r = (T) x + y;					\
+    max = ~max;						\
+    *co = (T) (x > (max - y));				\
+    if (ci) {						\
+      if (r == max)					\
+	*co = 1;					\
+      r += ci;						\
+    }							\
+    return r;						\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_addc)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addcb(x, y, ci, co)  __builtin_addcb(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addcs(x, y, ci, co)  __builtin_addcs(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addc(x, y, ci, co)   __builtin_addc(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addcl(x, y, ci, co)  __builtin_addcl(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addcll(x, y, ci, co) __builtin_addcll(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addc8(x, y, ci, co)  PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT8(_,addc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addc16(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT16(_,addc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addc32(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT32(_,addc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addc64(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT64(_,addc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__ADDC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(addcb,  unsigned char)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__ADDC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(addcs,  unsigned short)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__ADDC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(addc,   unsigned int)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__ADDC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(addcl,  unsigned long)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__ADDC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(addcll, unsigned long long)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_addcb(x, y, ci, co)  psnip_builtin_addcb(x, y, ci, co)
+#    define __builtin_addcs(x, y, ci, co)  psnip_builtin_addcs(x, y, ci, co)
+#    define __builtin_addc(x, y, ci, co)   psnip_builtin_addc(x, y, ci, co)
+#    define __builtin_addcl(x, y, ci, co)  psnip_builtin_addcl(x, y, ci, co)
+#    define __builtin_addcll(x, y, ci, co) psnip_builtin_addcll(x, y, ci, co)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_addc8)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addc8(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT8(psnip,addc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_addc16)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addc16(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT16(psnip,addc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_addc32)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addc32(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT32(psnip,addc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_addc64)
+#  define psnip_builtin_addc64(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT64(psnip,addc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#endif
+
+/*** __builtin_subc ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUBC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION				\
+  T psnip_builtin_##f_n(T x, T y, T ci, T* co) {	\
+    T r = x - y;					\
+    *co = x < y;					\
+    if (ci) {						\
+      r--;						\
+      if (r == 0)					\
+	*co = 1;					\
+    }							\
+    return r;						\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_CLANG_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_subc)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subcb(x, y, ci, co)  __builtin_subcb(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subcs(x, y, ci, co)  __builtin_subcs(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subc(x, y, ci, co)   __builtin_subc(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subcl(x, y, ci, co)  __builtin_subcl(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subcll(x, y, ci, co) __builtin_subcll(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subc8(x, y, ci, co)  PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT8(_,subc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subc16(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT16(_,subc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subc32(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT32(_,subc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subc64(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT64(_,subc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUBC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(subcb,  unsigned char)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUBC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(subcs,  unsigned short)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUBC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(subc,   unsigned int)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUBC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(subcl,  unsigned long)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__SUBC_DEFINE_PORTABLE(subcll, unsigned long long)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_subcb(x, y, ci, co)  psnip_builtin_subcb(x, y, ci, co)
+#    define __builtin_subcs(x, y, ci, co)  psnip_builtin_subcs(x, y, ci, co)
+#    define __builtin_subc(x, y, ci, co)   psnip_builtin_subc(x, y, ci, co)
+#    define __builtin_subcl(x, y, ci, co)  psnip_builtin_subcl(x, y, ci, co)
+#    define __builtin_subcll(x, y, ci, co) psnip_builtin_subcll(x, y, ci, co)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_subc8)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subc8(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT8(psnip,subc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_subc16)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subc16(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT16(psnip,subc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_subc32)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subc32(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT32(psnip,subc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(psnip_builtin_subc64)
+#  define psnip_builtin_subc64(x, y, ci, co) PSNIP_BUILTIN__VARIANT2_INT64(psnip,subc)(x, y, ci, co)
+#endif
+
+/*** __builtin_bswap ***/
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_bswap16, 4, 8)
+#  define psnip_builtin_bswap16(x) __builtin_bswap16(x)
+#else
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_byteswap_ushort,13,10)
+#    define psnip_builtin_bswap16(x) _byteswap_ushort(x)
+#  else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+psnip_uint16_t
+psnip_builtin_bswap16(psnip_uint16_t v) {
+  return
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint16_t) 0xff) << 8)) >> 8) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint16_t) 0xff)     )) << 8);
+}
+#  endif
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_bswap16(x) psnip_builtin_bswap16(x)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_GNU_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_bswap16, 4, 3)
+#  define psnip_builtin_bswap32(x) __builtin_bswap32(x)
+#  define psnip_builtin_bswap64(x) __builtin_bswap64(x)
+#else
+#  if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_byteswap_ushort,13,10)
+#    define psnip_builtin_bswap32(x) _byteswap_ulong(x)
+#    define psnip_builtin_bswap64(x) _byteswap_uint64(x)
+#  else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+psnip_uint32_t
+psnip_builtin_bswap32(psnip_uint32_t v) {
+  return
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint32_t) 0xff) << 24)) >> 24) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint32_t) 0xff) << 16)) >>  8) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint32_t) 0xff) <<  8)) <<  8) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint32_t) 0xff)      )) << 24);
+}
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+psnip_uint64_t
+psnip_builtin_bswap64(psnip_uint64_t v) {
+  return
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint64_t) 0xff) << 56)) >> 56) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint64_t) 0xff) << 48)) >> 40) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint64_t) 0xff) << 40)) >> 24) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint64_t) 0xff) << 32)) >>  8) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint64_t) 0xff) << 24)) <<  8) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint64_t) 0xff) << 16)) << 24) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint64_t) 0xff) <<  8)) << 40) |
+    ((v & (((psnip_uint64_t) 0xff)      )) << 56);
+}
+#  endif
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __builtin_bswap32(x) psnip_builtin_bswap32(x)
+#    define __builtin_bswap64(x) psnip_builtin_bswap64(x)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/******
+ *** MSVC-style intrinsics
+ ******/
+
+/*** _rotl ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTL_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T, ST)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION				\
+  T psnip_intrin_##f_n(T value, ST shift) {		\
+    return						\
+      (value >> ((sizeof(T) * 8) - shift)) |		\
+      (value << shift);					\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_rotl8, 14, 0)
+#  define psnip_intrin_rotl8(value, shift) _rotl8(value, shift)
+#  define psnip_intrin_rotl16(value, shift) _rotl16(value, shift)
+#else
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTL_DEFINE_PORTABLE(rotl8, psnip_uint8_t, unsigned char)
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTL_DEFINE_PORTABLE(rotl16, psnip_uint16_t, unsigned char)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    if !defined(_rotl8)
+#      define _rotl8(value, shift)  psnip_intrin_rotl8(value, shift)
+#    endif
+#    if !defined(_rotl16)
+#      define _rotl16(value, shift) psnip_intrin_rotl16(value, shift)
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_rotl8, 13, 10)
+#  define psnip_intrin_rotl(value, shift) _rotl(value, shift)
+#  define psnip_intrin_rotl64(value, shift) _rotl64(value, shift)
+#else
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTL_DEFINE_PORTABLE(rotl, psnip_uint32_t, int)
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTL_DEFINE_PORTABLE(rotl64, psnip_uint64_t, int)
+
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    if !defined(_rotl)
+#      define _rotl(value, shift)   psnip_intrin_rotl(value, shift)
+#    endif
+#    if !defined(_rotl64)
+#      define _rotl64(value, shift) psnip_intrin_rotl64(value, shift)
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** _rotr ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTR_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T, ST)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION				\
+  T psnip_intrin_##f_n(T value, ST shift) {		\
+    return						\
+      (value << ((sizeof(T) * 8) - shift)) |		\
+      (value >> shift);					\
+  }
+
+PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTR_DEFINE_PORTABLE(rotr8, psnip_uint8_t, unsigned char)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTR_DEFINE_PORTABLE(rotr16, psnip_uint16_t, unsigned char)
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_rotr8, 14, 0)
+#  define psnip_intrin_rotr8(value, shift) _rotr8(value, shift)
+#  define psnip_intrin_rotr16(value, shift) _rotr16(value, shift)
+#else
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _rotr8(value, shift)  psnip_intrin_rotr8(value, shift)
+#    define _rotr16(value, shift) psnip_intrin_rotr16(value, shift)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_rotr8, 13, 10)
+#  define psnip_intrin_rotr(value, shift) _rotr(value, shift)
+#  define psnip_intrin_rotr64(value, shift) _rotr64(value, shift)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTR_DEFINE_PORTABLE(rotr, psnip_uint32_t, int)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN_ROTR_DEFINE_PORTABLE(rotr64, psnip_uint64_t, int)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    if !defined(_rotr)
+#      define _rotr(value, shift)   psnip_intrin_rotr(value, shift)
+#    endif
+#    if !defined(_rotr64)
+#      define _rotr64(value, shift) psnip_intrin_rotr64(value, shift)
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** _BitScanForward ***/
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_BitScanForward, 14, 0)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+unsigned char psnip_intrin_BitScanForward(unsigned long* Index, psnip_uint32_t Mask) {
+  const unsigned long M = (unsigned long) Mask;
+  return _BitScanForward(Index, M);
+}
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+unsigned char psnip_intrin_BitScanForward(unsigned long* Index, psnip_uint32_t Mask) {
+  return PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(Mask == 0) ? 0 : ((*Index = psnip_builtin_ctz32 (Mask)), 1);
+}
+
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _BitScanForward(Index, Mask) psnip_intrin_BitScanForward(Index, Mask)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_BitScanForward64, 14, 0) && (defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM))
+#  pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward64)
+#  define psnip_intrin_BitScanForward64(Index, Mask) _BitScanForward64(Index, Mask)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+unsigned char psnip_intrin_BitScanForward64(unsigned long* Index, psnip_uint64_t Mask) {
+  return PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(Mask == 0) ? 0 : ((*Index = psnip_builtin_ctz64 (Mask)), 1);
+}
+
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _BitScanForward64(Index, Mask) psnip_intrin_BitScanForward64(Index, Mask)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** _BitScanReverse ***/
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_BitScanReverse, 14, 0)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+unsigned char psnip_intrin_BitScanReverse(unsigned long* Index, psnip_uint32_t Mask) {
+  const unsigned long M = (unsigned long) Mask;
+  return _BitScanReverse(Index, M);
+}
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+unsigned char psnip_intrin_BitScanReverse(unsigned long* Index, psnip_uint32_t Mask) {
+  return (PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(Mask == 0)) ? 0 : ((*Index = ((sizeof(Mask) * CHAR_BIT) - 1) - psnip_builtin_clz32 (Mask)), 1);
+}
+
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _BitScanReverse(Index, Mask) psnip_intrin_BitScanReverse(Index, Mask)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_BitScanReverse64, 14, 0) && (defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM))
+#  pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse64)
+#  define psnip_intrin_BitScanReverse64(Index, Mask) _BitScanReverse64(Index, Mask)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+unsigned char psnip_intrin_BitScanReverse64(unsigned long* Index, psnip_uint64_t Mask) {
+  return (PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(Mask == 0)) ? 0 : ((*Index = ((sizeof(Mask) * CHAR_BIT) - 1) - psnip_builtin_clz64 (Mask)), 1);
+}
+
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _BitScanReverse64(Index, Mask) psnip_intrin_BitScanReverse64(Index, Mask)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** bittest ***/
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_bittest, 14, 0)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_bittest)
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittest(a, b)		\
+  __pragma(warning(push))			\
+  __pragma(warning(disable:4057))		\
+  _bittest(a, b)				\
+  __pragma(warning(pop))
+#else
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittest(a, b) (((*(a)) >> (b)) & 1)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _bittest(a, b) psnip_intrin_bittest(a, b)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_bittest64, 14, 0) && (defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_ARM))
+#  pragma intrinsic(_bittest64)
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittest64(a, b) _bittest64(a, b)
+#else
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittest64(a, b) (((*(a)) >> (b)) & 1)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _bittest64(a, b) psnip_intrin_bittest64(a, b)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** bittestandcomplement ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITTESTANDCOMPLEMENT_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T, UT)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION						\
+  unsigned char psnip_intrin_##f_n(T* a, T b) {				\
+    const char r = (*a >> b) & 1;					\
+    *a ^= ((UT) 1) << b;						\
+    return r;								\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_bittestandcomplement, 14, 0)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_bittestandcomplement)
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittestandcomplement(a, b)	\
+  __pragma(warning(push))				\
+  __pragma(warning(disable:4057))			\
+  _bittestandcomplement(a, b)				\
+  __pragma(warning(pop))
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITTESTANDCOMPLEMENT_DEFINE_PORTABLE(bittestandcomplement, psnip_int32_t, psnip_uint32_t)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _bittestandcomplement(a, b) psnip_intrin_bittestandcomplement(a, b)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_bittestandcomplement64, 14, 0) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittestandcomplement64(a, b) _bittestandcomplement64(a, b)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITTESTANDCOMPLEMENT_DEFINE_PORTABLE(bittestandcomplement64, psnip_int64_t, psnip_uint64_t)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _bittestandcomplement64(a, b) psnip_intrin_bittestandcomplement64(a, b)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** bittestandreset ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITTESTANDRESET_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T, UT)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION						\
+  unsigned char psnip_intrin_##f_n(T* a, T b) {				\
+    const char r = (*a >> b) & 1;					\
+    *a &= ~(((UT) 1) << b);						\
+    return r;								\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_bittestandreset, 14, 0)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_bittestandreset)
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittestandreset(a, b)	\
+  __pragma(warning(push))			\
+  __pragma(warning(disable:4057))		\
+  _bittestandreset(a, b)			\
+  __pragma(warning(pop))
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITTESTANDRESET_DEFINE_PORTABLE(bittestandreset, psnip_int32_t, psnip_uint32_t)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _bittestandreset(a, b) psnip_intrin_bittestandreset(a, b)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_bittestandreset64, 14, 0) && (defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(_M_IA64))
+#  pragma intrinsic(_bittestandreset64)
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittestandreset64(a, b) _bittestandreset64(a, b)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITTESTANDRESET_DEFINE_PORTABLE(bittestandreset64, psnip_int64_t, psnip_uint64_t)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _bittestandreset64(a, b) psnip_intrin_bittestandreset64(a, b)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** bittestandset ***/
+
+#define PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITTESTANDSET_DEFINE_PORTABLE(f_n, T, UT)	\
+  PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION						\
+  unsigned char psnip_intrin_##f_n(T* a, T b) {				\
+    const char r = (*a >> b) & 1;					\
+    *a |= ((UT) 1) << b;						\
+    return r;								\
+  }
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_bittestandset, 14, 0)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_bittestandset)
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittestandset(a, b)	\
+  __pragma(warning(push))			\
+  __pragma(warning(disable:4057))		\
+  _bittestandset(a, b)				\
+  __pragma(warning(pop))
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITTESTANDSET_DEFINE_PORTABLE(bittestandset, psnip_int32_t, psnip_uint32_t)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _bittestandset(a, b) psnip_intrin_bittestandset(a, b)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_bittestandset64, 14, 0) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_bittestandset64)
+#  define psnip_intrin_bittestandset64(a, b) _bittestandset64(a, b)
+#else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__BITTESTANDSET_DEFINE_PORTABLE(bittestandset64, psnip_int64_t, psnip_uint64_t)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _bittestandset64(a, b) psnip_intrin_bittestandset64(a, b)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** shiftleft128 ***/
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(__shiftleft128, 14, 0) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+#  define psnip_intrin_shiftleft128(LowPart, HighPart, Shift) __shiftleft128(LowPart, HighPart, Shift)
+#else
+#  if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+psnip_uint64_t psnip_intrin_shiftleft128(psnip_uint64_t LowPart, psnip_uint64_t HighPart, unsigned char Shift) {
+  unsigned __int128 r = HighPart;
+  r <<= 64;
+  r |= LowPart;
+  r <<= Shift % 64;
+  return (psnip_uint64_t) (r >> 64);
+}
+#  else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+psnip_uint64_t psnip_intrin_shiftleft128(psnip_uint64_t LowPart, psnip_uint64_t HighPart, unsigned char Shift) {
+  Shift %= 64;
+  return PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(Shift == 0) ? HighPart : ((HighPart << Shift) | (LowPart >> (64 - Shift)));
+}
+#  endif
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __shiftleft128(LowPart, HighPart, Shift) psnip_intrin_shiftleft128(LowPart, HighPart, Shift)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** shiftright128 ***/
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(__shiftright128, 14, 0) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+#  define psnip_intrin_shiftright128(LowPart, HighPart, Shift) __shiftright128(LowPart, HighPart, Shift)
+#else
+#  if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+psnip_uint64_t psnip_intrin_shiftright128(psnip_uint64_t LowPart, psnip_uint64_t HighPart, unsigned char Shift) {
+  unsigned __int128 r = HighPart;
+  r <<= 64;
+  r |= LowPart;
+  r >>= Shift % 64;
+  return (psnip_uint64_t) r;
+}
+#  else
+PSNIP_BUILTIN__FUNCTION
+psnip_uint64_t psnip_intrin_shiftright128(psnip_uint64_t LowPart, psnip_uint64_t HighPart, unsigned char Shift) {
+  Shift %= 64;
+
+  if (PSNIP_BUILTIN_UNLIKELY(Shift == 0))
+    return LowPart;
+
+  return
+    (HighPart << (64 - Shift)) |
+    (LowPart >> Shift);
+}
+#  endif
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define __shiftright128(LowPart, HighPart, Shift) psnip_intrin_shiftright128(LowPart, HighPart, Shift)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*** byteswap ***/
+
+#if PSNIP_BUILTIN_MSVC_HAS_INTRIN(_byteswap_ushort,13,10)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ushort)
+#  define psnip_intrin_byteswap_ushort(v) _byteswap_ushort(v)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_ulong)
+#  define psnip_intrin_byteswap_ulong(v)  _byteswap_ulong(v)
+#  pragma intrinsic(_byteswap_uint64)
+#  define psnip_intrin_byteswap_uint64(v) _byteswap_uint64(v)
+#else
+#  define psnip_intrin_byteswap_ushort(v) psnip_builtin_bswap16(v)
+#  define psnip_intrin_byteswap_ulong(v)  psnip_builtin_bswap32(v)
+#  define psnip_intrin_byteswap_uint64(v) psnip_builtin_bswap64(v)
+#  if defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_EMULATE_NATIVE)
+#    define _byteswap_ushort(v) psnip_intrin_byteswap_ushort(v)
+#    define _byteswap_ulong(v)  psnip_intrin_byteswap_ulong(v)
+#    define _byteswap_uint64(v) psnip_intrin_byteswap_uint64(v)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#endif /* defined(PSNIP_BUILTIN_H) */