auth0 4.11.0 → 4.12.0

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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+  data.tar.gz: dd3d9c156870dcf9b50a48870aab8a6b44c67b560835de6b52222f217718a5b1
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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,18 @@
 # Change Log
 
+## [v4.12.0](https://github.com/auth0/ruby-auth0/tree/v4.12.0) (2020-06-10)
+
+[Full Changelog](https://github.com/auth0/ruby-auth0/compare/v4.11.0...v4.12.0)
+
+**Added**
+
+- Improve OIDC compliance [SDK-987] [\#225](https://github.com/auth0/ruby-auth0/pull/225) ([Widcket](https://github.com/Widcket))
+
+**Security**
+
+- Bump activesupport from 6.0.3 to 6.0.3.1 [\#221](https://github.com/auth0/ruby-auth0/pull/221) ([dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot))
+- Bump actionpack from 6.0.3 to 6.0.3.1 [\#220](https://github.com/auth0/ruby-auth0/pull/220) ([dependabot[bot]](https://github.com/apps/dependabot))
+
 ## [v4.11.0](https://github.com/auth0/ruby-auth0/tree/v4.11.0) (2020-05-06)
 
 [Full Changelog](https://github.com/auth0/ruby-auth0/compare/v4.10.0...v4.11.0)

data/Gemfile.lock

@@ -1,26 +1,28 @@
 PATH
   remote: .
   specs:
-    auth0 (4.11.0)
+    auth0 (4.12.0)
+      jwt (~> 2.2.0)
       rest-client (~> 2.0.0)
+      zache (~> 0.12.0)
 
 GEM
   remote: https://rubygems.org/
   specs:
-    actionpack (6.0.3)
-      actionview (= 6.0.3)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.3)
+    actionpack (6.0.3.1)
+      actionview (= 6.0.3.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.0.3.1)
       rack (~> 2.0, >= 2.0.8)
       rack-test (>= 0.6.3)
       rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
       rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.2.0)
-    actionview (6.0.3)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.3)
+    actionview (6.0.3.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.0.3.1)
       builder (~> 3.1)
       erubi (~> 1.4)
       rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0)
       rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.1, >= 1.2.0)
-    activesupport (6.0.3)
+    activesupport (6.0.3.1)
       concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2)
       i18n (>= 0.7, < 2)
       minitest (~> 5.1)
@@ -28,13 +30,13 @@ GEM
       zeitwerk (~> 2.2, >= 2.2.2)
     addressable (2.7.0)
       public_suffix (>= 2.0.2, < 5.0)
-    ast (2.4.0)
+    ast (2.4.1)
     builder (3.2.4)
-    codecov (0.1.16)
+    codecov (0.1.17)
       json
       simplecov
       url
-    coderay (1.1.2)
+    coderay (1.1.3)
     concurrent-ruby (1.1.6)
     coveralls (0.7.1)
       multi_json (~> 1.3)
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ GEM
     erubi (1.9.0)
     faker (1.9.6)
       i18n (>= 0.7)
-    ffi (1.12.2)
+    ffi (1.13.1)
     formatador (0.2.5)
     fuubar (2.5.0)
       rspec-core (~> 3.0)
@@ -79,23 +81,23 @@ GEM
     hashdiff (1.0.1)
     http-cookie (1.0.3)
       domain_name (~> 0.5)
-    i18n (1.8.2)
+    i18n (1.8.3)
       concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
-    jaro_winkler (1.5.4)
     json (2.3.0)
+    jwt (2.2.1)
     listen (3.2.1)
       rb-fsevent (~> 0.10, >= 0.10.3)
       rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.10)
     loofah (2.5.0)
       crass (~> 1.0.2)
       nokogiri (>= 1.5.9)
-    lumberjack (1.2.4)
+    lumberjack (1.2.5)
     method_source (0.8.2)
     mime-types (3.3.1)
       mime-types-data (~> 3.2015)
-    mime-types-data (3.2020.0425)
+    mime-types-data (3.2020.0512)
     mini_portile2 (2.4.0)
-    minitest (5.14.0)
+    minitest (5.14.1)
     multi_json (1.14.1)
     nenv (0.3.0)
     netrc (0.11.0)
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ GEM
       nenv (~> 0.1)
       shellany (~> 0.0)
     parallel (1.19.1)
-    parser (2.7.1.2)
+    parser (2.7.1.3)
       ast (~> 2.4.0)
     pry (0.10.4)
       coderay (~> 1.1.0)
@@ -113,8 +115,8 @@ GEM
       slop (~> 3.4)
     pry-nav (0.2.4)
       pry (>= 0.9.10, < 0.11.0)
-    public_suffix (4.0.4)
-    rack (2.1.2)
+    public_suffix (4.0.5)
+    rack (2.1.3)
     rack-test (0.8.3)
       rack (>= 1.0, < 3)
     rails-dom-testing (2.0.3)
@@ -122,9 +124,9 @@ GEM
       nokogiri (>= 1.6)
     rails-html-sanitizer (1.3.0)
       loofah (~> 2.3)
-    railties (6.0.3)
-      actionpack (= 6.0.3)
-      activesupport (= 6.0.3)
+    railties (6.0.3.1)
+      actionpack (= 6.0.3.1)
+      activesupport (= 6.0.3.1)
       method_source
       rake (>= 0.8.7)
       thor (>= 0.20.3, < 2.0)
@@ -133,6 +135,7 @@ GEM
     rb-fsevent (0.10.4)
     rb-inotify (0.10.1)
       ffi (~> 1.0)
+    regexp_parser (1.7.1)
     rest-client (2.0.2)
       http-cookie (>= 1.0.2, < 2.0)
       mime-types (>= 1.16, < 4.0)
@@ -144,25 +147,28 @@ GEM
       rspec-mocks (~> 3.9.0)
     rspec-core (3.9.2)
       rspec-support (~> 3.9.3)
-    rspec-expectations (3.9.1)
+    rspec-expectations (3.9.2)
       diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
       rspec-support (~> 3.9.0)
     rspec-mocks (3.9.1)
       diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
       rspec-support (~> 3.9.0)
     rspec-support (3.9.3)
-    rubocop (0.82.0)
-      jaro_winkler (~> 1.5.1)
+    rubocop (0.85.1)
       parallel (~> 1.10)
       parser (>= 2.7.0.1)
       rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
+      regexp_parser (>= 1.7)
       rexml
+      rubocop-ast (>= 0.0.3)
       ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
       unicode-display_width (>= 1.4.0, < 2.0)
-    rubocop-rails (2.5.2)
-      activesupport
+    rubocop-ast (0.0.3)
+      parser (>= 2.7.0.1)
+    rubocop-rails (2.6.0)
+      activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
       rack (>= 1.1)
-      rubocop (>= 0.72.0)
+      rubocop (>= 0.82.0)
     ruby-progressbar (1.10.1)
     safe_yaml (1.0.5)
     shellany (0.0.1)
@@ -177,7 +183,7 @@ GEM
     terminal-notifier-guard (1.7.0)
     thor (1.0.1)
     thread_safe (0.3.6)
-    tins (1.24.1)
+    tins (1.25.0)
       sync
     tzinfo (1.2.7)
       thread_safe (~> 0.1)
@@ -186,12 +192,13 @@ GEM
     unf_ext (0.0.7.7)
     unicode-display_width (1.7.0)
     url (0.3.2)
-    vcr (5.1.0)
+    vcr (6.0.0)
     webmock (3.8.3)
       addressable (>= 2.3.6)
       crack (>= 0.3.2)
       hashdiff (>= 0.4.0, < 2.0.0)
     yard (0.9.25)
+    zache (0.12.0)
     zeitwerk (2.3.0)
 
 PLATFORMS

data/README.md

@@ -118,6 +118,51 @@ In addition to the Management API, this SDK also provides access to [Authenticat
 
 Please note that this module implements endpoints that might be deprecated for newer tenants. If you have any questions about how and when the endpoints should be used, consult the [documentation](https://auth0.com/docs/api/authentication) or ask in our [Community forums](https://community.auth0.com/tags/wordpress).
 
+## ID Token Validation
+
+An ID token may be present in the credentials received after authentication. This token contains information associated with the user that has just logged in, provided the scope used contained `openid`. You can [read more about ID tokens here](https://auth0.com/docs/tokens/concepts/id-tokens).
+
+Before accessing its contents, you must first validate the ID token to ensure it has not been tampered with and that it is meant for your application to consume. Use the `validate_id_token` method to do so:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  @auth0_client.validate_id_token 'YOUR_ID_TOKEN'
+rescue Auth0::InvalidIdToken => e
+  # In this case the ID Token contents should not be trusted
+end
+```
+
+The method takes the following optional keyword parameters:
+
+| Parameter     | Type           | Description   | Default value             |
+| ------------- | -------------- | ------------- | ------------------------- |
+| `algorithm`   | `JWTAlgorithm` | The [signing algorithm](https://auth0.com/docs/tokens/concepts/signing-algorithms) used by your Auth0 application.  | `Auth0::Algorithm::RS256` (using the [JWKS URL](https://auth0.com/docs/tokens/concepts/jwks) of your **Auth0 Domain**) |
+| `leeway`      | Integer        | Number of seconds to account for clock skew when validating the `exp`, `iat` and `azp` claims.  | `60`  |
+| `nonce`       | String         | The `nonce` value you sent in the call to `/authorize`, if any.  | `nil`  |
+| `max_age`     | Integer        | The `max_age` value you sent in the call to `/authorize`, if any.  | `nil`  |
+| `issuer`      | String         | By default the `iss` claim will be checked against the URL of your **Auth0 Domain**. Use this parameter to override that. | `nil`  |
+| `audience`    | String         | By default the `aud` claim will be compared to your **Auth0 Client ID**. Use this parameter to override that.  | `nil`  |
+
+You can check the signing algorithm value under **Advanced Settings > OAuth > JsonWebToken Signature Algorithm** in your Auth0 application settings panel. [We recommend](https://auth0.com/docs/tokens/concepts/signing-algorithms#our-recommendation) that you make use of asymmetric signing algorithms like `RS256` instead of symmetric ones like `HS256`.
+
+```ruby
+# HS256
+
+begin
+  @auth0_client.validate_id_token 'YOUR_ID_TOKEN', algorithm: Auth0::Algorithm::HS256.secret('YOUR_SECRET')
+rescue Auth0::InvalidIdToken => e
+  # Handle error
+end
+
+# RS256 with a custom JWKS URL
+
+begin
+  @auth0_client.validate_id_token 'YOUR_ID_TOKEN', algorithm: Auth0::Algorithm::RS256.jwks_url('YOUR_URL')
+rescue Auth0::InvalidIdToken => e
+  # Handle error
+end
+```
+
 ## Development
 
 In order to set up the local environment you'd have to have Ruby installed and a few global gems used to run and record the unit tests. A working Ruby version can be taken from the [CI script](/.circleci/config.yml). At the moment of this writting we're using Ruby `2.5.7`.

data/auth0.gemspec

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.require_paths = ['lib']
 
   s.add_runtime_dependency 'rest-client', '~> 2.0.0'
+  s.add_runtime_dependency 'jwt', '~> 2.2.0'
+  s.add_runtime_dependency 'zache', '~> 0.12.0'
 
   s.add_development_dependency 'rake', '~> 13.0'
   s.add_development_dependency 'fuubar', '~> 2.0'

data/lib/auth0.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require 'auth0/version'
 require 'auth0/mixins'
 require 'auth0/exception'
+require 'auth0/algorithm'
 require 'auth0/client'
 require 'auth0_client'
 # Namespace for ruby-auth0 logic

data/lib/auth0/algorithm.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+module Auth0
+  module Algorithm
+    include Auth0::Mixins::Validation::Algorithm
+  end
+end

data/lib/auth0/api/authentication_endpoints.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 # rubocop:disable Metrics/ModuleLength
+
+require 'jwt'
+
 module Auth0
   module Api
     # {https://auth0.com/docs/api/authentication}
@@ -502,6 +506,36 @@ module Auth0
         post('/unlink', request_params)
       end
 
+      # Validate an ID token (signature and expiration).
+      # @see https://auth0.com/docs/tokens/guides/validate-id-tokens
+      # @param id_token [string] The JWT to validate.
+      # @param algorithm [JWKAlgorithm] The expected signing algorithm.
+      #   Defaults to +Auth0::Algorithm::RS256.jwks_url("https://YOUR_AUTH0_DOMAIN/.well-known/jwks.json", lifetime: 10 * 60)+.
+      # @param leeway [integer] The clock skew to accept when verifying date related claims in seconds.
+      #   Must be a non-negative value. Defaults to *60 seconds*.
+      # @param nonce [string] The nonce value sent during authentication.
+      # @param max_age [integer] The max_age value sent during authentication.
+      #   Must be a non-negative value.
+      # @param issuer [string] The expected issuer claim value.
+      #   Defaults to +https://YOUR_AUTH0_DOMAIN/+.
+      # @param audience [string] The expected audience claim value.
+      #   Defaults to your *Auth0 Client ID*.
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength, Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/ParameterLists
+      def validate_id_token(id_token, algorithm: nil, leeway: 60, nonce: nil, max_age: nil, issuer: nil, audience: nil)
+        context = {
+          issuer: issuer || "https://#{@domain}/",
+          audience: audience || @client_id,
+          algorithm: algorithm || Auth0::Algorithm::RS256.jwks_url("https://#{@domain}/.well-known/jwks.json"),
+          leeway: leeway
+        }
+
+        context[:nonce] = nonce unless nonce.nil?
+        context[:max_age] = max_age unless max_age.nil?
+
+        Auth0::Mixins::Validation::IdTokenValidator.new(context).validate(id_token)
+      end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/MethodLength, Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/ParameterLists
+
       private
 
       # Build a URL query string from a hash.

data/lib/auth0/exception.rb

@@ -59,4 +59,6 @@ module Auth0
       Time.at(headers['X-RateLimit-Reset']).utc
     end
   end
+
+  class InvalidIdToken < Auth0::Exception; end
 end

data/lib/auth0/mixins/validation.rb

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+require 'zache'
+
+class Zache
+  def last(key)
+    @hash[key][:value] if @hash.key?(key)
+  end
+end
+
 module Auth0
   module Mixins
     # Module to provide validation for specific data structures.
@@ -20,6 +28,313 @@ module Auth0
         permissions.map { |permission| permission.to_h }
       end
 
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/ClassLength
+      class IdTokenValidator
+        def initialize(context)
+          @context = context
+        end
+
+        def validate(id_token)
+          decoding_error = 'ID token could not be decoded'
+
+          unless !id_token.to_s.empty? && id_token.split('.').count == 3
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, decoding_error
+          end
+
+          begin
+            header = JWT::JSON.parse(JWT::Base64.url_decode(id_token.split('.').first))
+          rescue
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, decoding_error
+          end
+
+          claims = decode_and_validate_signature(id_token, header)
+          validate_claims(claims)
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        # rubocop:disable Metrics/MethodLength, Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity
+        def decode_and_validate_signature(id_token, header)
+          algorithm = @context[:algorithm]
+
+          unless algorithm.is_a?(Auth0::Mixins::Validation::JWTAlgorithm)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, "Signature algorithm of \"#{algorithm}\" is not supported"
+          end
+
+          # The expiration verification will be performed in the validate_claims method
+          options = { algorithms: [algorithm.name], verify_expiration: false, verify_not_before: false }
+          secret = nil
+
+          case algorithm
+          when Auth0::Algorithm::RS256
+            kid = header['kid']
+            jwks = JSON.parse(JSON[algorithm.jwks], symbolize_names: true)
+
+            if !jwks[:keys].find { |key| key[:kid] == kid } && !algorithm.fetched_jwks?
+              jwks = JSON.parse(JSON[algorithm.jwks(force: true)], symbolize_names: true)
+            end
+
+            options[:jwks] = jwks
+          when Auth0::Algorithm::HS256
+            secret = algorithm.secret
+          end
+
+          begin
+            result = JWT.decode(id_token, secret, true, options)
+            result.first
+          rescue JWT::VerificationError
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Invalid ID token signature'
+          rescue JWT::IncorrectAlgorithm
+            alg = header['alg']
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, "Signature algorithm of \"#{alg}\" is not supported. Expected the ID token"\
+                                         " to be signed with \"#{algorithm.name}\""
+          rescue JWT::DecodeError
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, "Could not find a public key for Key ID (kid) \"#{kid}\""
+          end
+        end
+
+        # rubocop:disable Metrics/PerceivedComplexity
+        def validate_claims(claims)
+          leeway = @context[:leeway]
+          nonce = @context[:nonce]
+          issuer = @context[:issuer]
+          audience = @context[:audience]
+          max_age = @context[:max_age]
+
+          raise Auth0::InvalidParameter, 'Must supply a valid leeway' unless leeway.is_a?(Integer) && leeway >= 0
+          raise Auth0::InvalidParameter, 'Must supply a valid nonce' unless nonce.nil? || !nonce.to_s.empty?
+          raise Auth0::InvalidParameter, 'Must supply a valid issuer' unless issuer.nil? || !issuer.to_s.empty?
+          raise Auth0::InvalidParameter, 'Must supply a valid audience' unless audience.nil? || !audience.to_s.empty?
+
+          unless max_age.nil? || (max_age.is_a?(Integer) && max_age >= 0)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidParameter, 'Must supply a valid max_age'
+          end
+
+          validate_iss(claims, issuer)
+          validate_sub(claims)
+          validate_aud(claims, audience)
+          validate_exp(claims, leeway)
+          validate_iat(claims, leeway)
+          validate_nonce(claims, nonce) if nonce
+          validate_azp(claims, audience) if claims['aud'].is_a?(Array) && claims['aud'].count > 1
+          validate_auth_time(claims, max_age, leeway) if max_age
+        end
+        # rubocop:enable Metrics/MethodLength, Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity, Metrics/PerceivedComplexity
+
+        def validate_iss(claims, expected)
+          unless claims.key?('iss') && claims['iss'].is_a?(String)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Issuer (iss) claim must be a string present in the ID token'
+          end
+
+          unless expected == claims['iss']
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, "Issuer (iss) claim mismatch in the ID token; expected \"#{expected}\","\
+                                         " found \"#{claims['iss']}\""
+          end
+        end
+
+        def validate_sub(claims)
+          unless claims.key?('sub') && claims['sub'].is_a?(String)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Subject (sub) claim must be a string present in the ID token'
+          end
+        end
+
+        def validate_aud(claims, expected)
+          unless claims.key?('aud') && (claims['aud'].is_a?(String) || claims['aud'].is_a?(Array))
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Audience (aud) claim must be a string or array of strings present'\
+                                         ' in the ID token'
+          end
+
+          if claims['aud'].is_a?(String) && expected != claims['aud']
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, "Audience (aud) claim mismatch in the ID token; expected \"#{expected}\","\
+                                         " found \"#{claims['aud']}\""
+          elsif claims['aud'].is_a?(Array) && !claims['aud'].include?(expected)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, "Audience (aud) claim mismatch in the ID token; expected \"#{expected}\""\
+                                         " but was not one of \"#{claims['aud'].join ', '}\""
+          end
+        end
+
+        def validate_exp(claims, leeway)
+          unless claims.key?('exp') && claims['exp'].is_a?(Integer)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Expiration Time (exp) claim must be a number present in the ID token'
+          end
+
+          now = @context[:clock] || Time.now.to_i
+          exp_time = claims['exp'] + leeway
+
+          unless now < exp_time
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Expiration Time (exp) claim mismatch in the ID token; current time'\
+                                         " \"#{now}\" is after expiration time \"#{exp_time}\""
+          end
+        end
+
+        def validate_iat(claims, leeway)
+          unless claims.key?('iat') && claims['iat'].is_a?(Integer)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Issued At (iat) claim must be a number present in the ID token'
+          end
+
+          now = @context[:clock] || Time.now.to_i
+          iat_time = claims['iat'] - leeway
+
+          unless now > iat_time
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, "Issued At (iat) claim mismatch in the ID token; current time \"#{now}\""\
+                                         " is before issued at time \"#{iat_time}\""
+          end
+        end
+
+        def validate_nonce(claims, expected)
+          unless claims.key?('nonce') && claims['nonce'].is_a?(String)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Nonce (nonce) claim must be a string present in the ID token'
+          end
+
+          unless expected == claims['nonce']
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, "Nonce (nonce) claim mismatch in the ID token; expected \"#{expected}\","\
+                                         " found \"#{claims['nonce']}\""
+          end
+        end
+
+        def validate_azp(claims, expected)
+          unless claims.key?('azp') && claims['azp'].is_a?(String)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Authorized Party (azp) claim must be a string present in the ID token'
+          end
+
+          unless expected == claims['azp']
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Authorized Party (azp) claim mismatch in the ID token; expected'\
+                                         " \"#{expected}\", found \"#{claims['azp']}\""
+          end
+        end
+
+        def validate_auth_time(claims, max_age, leeway)
+          unless claims.key?('auth_time') && claims['auth_time'].is_a?(Integer)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Authentication Time (auth_time) claim must be a number present in the ID'\
+                                         ' token when Max Age (max_age) is specified'
+          end
+
+          now = @context[:clock] || Time.now.to_i
+          auth_valid_until = claims['auth_time'] + max_age + leeway
+
+          unless now < auth_valid_until
+            raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Authentication Time (auth_time) claim in the ID token indicates that too'\
+                                         ' much time has passed since the last end-user authentication. Current time'\
+                                         " \"#{now}\" is after last auth at \"#{auth_valid_until}\""
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/ClassLength
+
+      class JWTAlgorithm
+        private_class_method :new
+
+        def name
+          raise RuntimeError, 'Must be overriden by the subclasses'
+        end
+      end
+
+      module Algorithm
+        # Represents the HS256 algorithm, which rely on shared secrets.
+        # @see https://auth0.com/docs/tokens/concepts/signing-algorithms
+        class HS256 < JWTAlgorithm
+          class << self
+            private :new
+
+            # Create a new instance passing the shared secret.
+            # @param secret [string] The HMAC shared secret.
+            # @return [HS256] A new instance.
+            def secret(secret)
+              new secret
+            end
+          end
+
+          attr_accessor :secret
+
+          def initialize(secret)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidParameter, 'Must supply a valid secret' if secret.to_s.empty?
+
+            @secret = secret
+          end
+
+          # Returns the algorithm name.
+          # @return [string] The algorithm name.
+          def name
+            'HS256'
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Represents the RS256 algorithm, which rely on public key certificates.
+        # @see https://auth0.com/docs/tokens/concepts/signing-algorithms
+        class RS256 < JWTAlgorithm
+          include Auth0::Mixins::HTTPProxy
+
+          @@cache = Zache.new.freeze
+
+          class << self
+            private :new
+
+            # Create a new instance passing the JWK set url.
+            # @param url [string] The url where the JWK set is located.
+            # @param lifetime [integer] The lifetime of the JWK set in-memory cache in seconds.
+            #   Must be a non-negative value. Defaults to *600 seconds* (10 minutes).
+            # @return [RS256] A new instance.
+            def jwks_url(url, lifetime: 10 * 60)
+              new url, lifetime
+            end
+
+            # Clear the JWK set cache.
+            def remove_jwks
+              @@cache.remove(:jwks)
+            end
+          end
+
+          def initialize(jwks_url, lifetime)
+            raise Auth0::InvalidParameter, 'Must supply a valid jwks_url' if jwks_url.to_s.empty?
+            raise Auth0::InvalidParameter, 'Must supply a valid lifetime' unless lifetime.is_a?(Integer) && lifetime >= 0
+
+            @lifetime = lifetime
+            @jwks_url = jwks_url
+            @did_fetch_jwks = false
+          end
+
+          # Returns the algorithm name.
+          # @return [string] The algorithm name.
+          def name
+            'RS256'
+          end
+
+          # Fetches the JWK set from the in-memory cache or from the url.
+          # @return [hash] A JWK set.
+          def jwks(force: false)
+            result = fetch_jwks if force
+
+            if result
+              @@cache.put(:jwks, result, lifetime: @lifetime)
+              return result
+            end
+
+            previous_value = @@cache.last(:jwks)
+
+            @@cache.get(:jwks, lifetime: @lifetime, dirty: true) do
+              new_value = fetch_jwks
+
+              raise Auth0::InvalidIdToken, 'Could not fetch the JWK set' unless new_value || previous_value
+
+              new_value || previous_value
+            end
+          end
+
+          # Returns whether or not the JWK set was fetched from the url.
+          # @return [boolean] +true+ if a request to the JWK set url was made, +false+ otherwise.
+          def fetched_jwks?
+            @did_fetch_jwks
+          end
+
+          private
+
+          def fetch_jwks
+            result = get(@jwks_url)
+            @did_fetch_jwks = result.is_a?(Hash) && result.key?('keys')
+            result if @did_fetch_jwks
+          end
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end