activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter 1.5.6 → 1.6.0.beta1

checksums.yaml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 SHA1:
-  metadata.gz: bf76a19860e42ac1474f054e8382f4f24ff8da03
-  data.tar.gz: 2f9b7008612855e77c716dc8aabbab07ec33f77a
+  metadata.gz: 0666c234c8895bc18f1fa4c031c0f8a3990d2a16
+  data.tar.gz: be6e762e334b31cced2092ff0ba5cea2dd0ac534
 SHA512:
-  metadata.gz: ed5674fe99c4187285e6190faf54e3694da5ec8ea40aa945c375a895cf6c726559e7a04cc1209acdc3c8cf11f3d6408ed2f817e1cfe84537b5c54b9e2603a750
-  data.tar.gz: f7fabceab51daaff7562882012f538fd7dc977bf5f294f7350b41f2ec08aaa002db5844bdda9f7324cad2fcab4344f15eb69c584828b3b58146d7223b479d589
+  metadata.gz: f975ab990ef8c3ddc397141ad3d8cf432a9518f6fea12f1405e3cc5e5b498c0de9dff555605ade1bb844e1c2754149569e4c73fdf140b61bc80b2620a6564906
+  data.tar.gz: 47a94ecdc4670af38ae4e138d6e2ca96c76622cd96e1d39084d1af9d16a1a8c0a3892749d32604d57f97eb6f1cbaa10de9fda46066466ef4a10478288b1d6da5

data/Gemfile

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 source 'http://rubygems.org'
 
 group :development do
-  gem 'jeweler', '~> 1.8'
+  gem 'jeweler', '~> 2.0'
   gem 'rspec', '~> 2.4'
   gem 'rdoc'
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ group :development do
   gem 'actionpack',     github: 'rails/rails'
   gem 'railties',       github: 'rails/rails'
 
-  gem 'arel',           github: 'rails/arel'
+  gem 'arel',           github: 'rails/arel', branch: '6-0-stable'
   gem 'journey',        github: 'rails/journey'
 
   gem 'activerecord-deprecated_finders'

data/History.md

@@ -1,3 +1,90 @@
+## 1.6.0.beta 1 / 2016-06-19
+* Enhancements and bug fix
+ * Support Rails 4.2
+ * Support Rails native foreign key syntax [#488, #618]
+
+* Other changes and bug fixes
+ * Column#primary method removed from Rails [#483]
+ * ActiveRecord::Migrator.proper_table_name has been removed from Rails [#481]
+ * New db/schema.rb files will be created with force: :cascade [#593]
+ * Rails42 add unique index creates unique constraint [#617]
+ * Modify remove_column to add cascade constraint to avoid ORA-12991 [#617]
+ * Add `null: true` to avoid DEPRECATION WARNING [#489, #499]
+ * Rails 4.2 Add `connection.supports_views?` [#496]
+ * text? has been removed from Column class [#487]
+ * Remove call to deprecated `serialized_attributes` [#550, #552]
+ * Support :cascade option for drop_table [#579]
+ * Raise a better exception for renaming long indexes [#577]
+ * Override aliased_types [#575]
+ * Revert "Add options_include_default!" [#586]
+ * Remove substitute_at method from Oracle enhanced adapter [#520]
+ * Require 'active_record/base' in rake task #526
+ * Make it easier to spot which version of active record is actually used [#550]
+ * Rails4.2 Add Type::Raw type [#503]
+ * Support :bigint datatype [#580]
+ * Map :bigint as NUMBER(19) sql_type not NUMBER(8) [#608]
+ * Use Oracle BINARY_FLOAT datatype for Rails :float type [#610]
+ * Revert "Implement possibility of handling of NUMBER columns as :float" [#576]
+ * Rails 4.2 Support NCHAR correctly [#490]
+ * Support :timestamp datatype in Rails 4.2 [#575]
+ * Rails 4.2 Handle NUMBER sql_type as `Type::Integer` cast type [#509]
+ * ActiveRecord::OracleEnhanced::Type::Integer for max_value to take 38 digits [#605]
+ * Rails 4.2 add `module OracleEnhanced` and migrate classes/modules under this [#584]
+ * Migrate to ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhanced::ColumnDumper [#597]
+ * Migrated from OracleEnhancedContextIndex to OracleEnhanced::ContextIndex [#599]
+ * Make OracleEnhancedIndexDefinition as subclass of IndexDefinition [#600]
+ * Refactor add_index and add_index_options [#601]
+ * Types namespace moved to `ActiveRecord::Type::Value` [#484]
+ * Add new_column method [#482]
+ * Rename type_cast to type_cast_from_database [#485]
+ * Removed `forced_column_type` by using `cast_type` [#595]
+ * Move dump_schema_information to SchemaStatements [#611]
+ * Move OracleEnhancedIndexDefinition to OracleEnhanced::IndexDefinition [#614]
+ * Move OracleEnhancedSynonymDefinition to OracleEnhanced::SynonymDefinition [#615]
+ * Move types under OracleEnhanced module [#603]
+ * Make OracleEnhancedForeignKeyDefinition as subclass of ForeignKeyDefinition [#581]
+ * Support _field_changed argument changes [#479]
+ * Rails 4.2 Don't type cast the default on the column [#504]
+ * Rename variable names in create_table to follow Rails implementation [#616]
+ * Rails 4.2: Fix create_savepoint and rollback_to_savepoint name [#497]
+ * Shorten foreign key name if it is longer than 30 byte [#621]
+ * Restore foreign_key_definition [#624]
+ * Rails 4.2 Support OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_integers_by_column_name [#491]
+ * Rails 4.2 Support OracleEnhancedAdapter.emulate_dates_by_column_name [#492]
+ * Rails 4.2 Support emulate_booleans_from_strings and is_boolean_column? [#506]
+ * Rails 4.2 Support OracleEnhancedAdapter.number_datatype_coercion [#512]
+ * Rails 4.2 Use register_class_with_limit [#502]
+ * Rails 4.2 Remove redundant substitute index when constructing bind values [#517]
+ * Rails 4.2 Unit test updated to support `substitute_at` in Arel [#522]
+ * Change log method signiture to support Rails 4.2 [#539]
+ * Enable loading spec configuration from config file instead of env [#550]
+ * Rails42: Issue with non-existent columns [#545, #551]
+ * Squelch warning "#column_for_attribute` will return a null object 
+   for non-existent columns in Rails 5. Use `#has_attribute?`" [#551]
+ * Use arel 6-0-stable [#565]
+ * Support 'Y' as true and 'N' as false in Rails 4.2 [#574, #573]
+ * Remove alias_method_chain :references, :foreign_keys [#582]
+ * Use quote_value method to avoid undefined method `type_cast_for_database' for nil:NilClass [#486]
+ * Rails 4.2: Set @nchar and @object_type only when sql_type is true [#493]
+ * Rails 4.2: Handle forced_column_type temporary [#498]
+ * Rails 4.2 Address ArgumentError: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2) at `quote_value` [#511]
+ * Address ORA-00932: inconsistent datatypes: expected NUMBER got DATE [#538]
+ * Remove duplicate alias_method_chain for indexes [#560]
+ * Address RangeError: 6000000000 is out of range for ActiveRecord::Type::Integer 
+   with limit 4 [#578]
+ * Return foreign_keys_without_oracle_enhanced when non Oracle database used [#583]
+ * Add missing database_tasks.rb to gemspec [#585]
+ * Fixed typo in the rake tasks load statement [#587]
+ * Call super when column typs is serialized [#563, #591]
+ * Clear query cache on rollback [#592]
+ * Modify default to `false` if database default value is "N" [#596]
+ * refer correct location if filess in gemspec [#606]
+ * Add integer.rb to gemspec [#607]
+
+* Known Issues
+ * Override aliased_types [#575]
+ * Multi column foreign key is not supported
+
 ## 1.5.6 / 2015-03-30
 
 * Enhancements

data/README.md

@@ -17,17 +17,23 @@ Oracle enhanced adapter version 1.5 just supports Rails 4 and does not support R
 
 When using Ruby on Rails version 4 then in Gemfile include
 
-    gem "activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter", "~> 1.5.0"
+```ruby
+gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter', '~> 1.5.0'
+```
 
 where instead of 1.5.0 you can specify any other desired version. It is recommended to specify version with `~>` which means that use specified version or later patch versions (in this example any later 1.5.x version but not 1.6.x version). Oracle enhanced adapter maintains API backwards compatibility during patch version upgrades and therefore it is safe to always upgrade to latest patch version.
 
 If you would like to use latest adapter version from github then specify
 
-    gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter', :git => 'git://github.com/rsim/oracle-enhanced.git'
+```ruby
+gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter', :git => 'git://github.com/rsim/oracle-enhanced.git'
+```
 
 If you are using CRuby 1.9.3 or 2.0 then you need to install ruby-oci8 gem as well as Oracle client, e.g. [Oracle Instant Client](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html). Include in Gemfile also ruby-oci8:
 
-    gem 'ruby-oci8', '~> 2.1.0'
+```ruby
+gem 'ruby-oci8', '~> 2.1.0'
+```
 
 If you are using JRuby then you need to download latest [Oracle JDBC driver](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/jdbc-112010-090769.html) - either ojdbc7.jar or ojdbc6.jar for Java 7, ojdbc6.jar for Java 6 or ojdbc5.jar for Java 5. And copy this file to one of these locations:
 
@@ -38,7 +44,9 @@ If you are using JRuby then you need to download latest [Oracle JDBC driver](htt
 
 After specifying necessary gems in Gemfile run
 
-    bundle install
+```bash
+bundle install
+```
 
 to install the adapter (or later run `bundle update` to force updating to latest version).
 
@@ -46,17 +54,23 @@ to install the adapter (or later run `bundle update` to force updating to latest
 
 When using Ruby on Rails version 3 then in Gemfile include
 
-    gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter', '~> 1.4.0'
+```ruby
+gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter', '~> 1.4.0'
+```
 
 where instead of 1.4.0 you can specify any other desired version. It is recommended to specify version with `~>` which means that use specified version or later patch versions (in this example any later 1.4.x version but not 1.5.x version). Oracle enhanced adapter maintains API backwards compatibility during patch version upgrades and therefore it is safe to always upgrade to latest patch version.
 
 If you would like to use latest adapter version from github then specify
 
-    gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter', :git => 'git://github.com/rsim/oracle-enhanced.git'
+```ruby
+gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter', :git => 'git://github.com/rsim/oracle-enhanced.git'
+```
 
 If you are using MRI 1.8 or 1.9 Ruby implementation then you need to install ruby-oci8 gem as well as Oracle client, e.g. [Oracle Instant Client](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html). Include in Gemfile also ruby-oci8:
 
-    gem 'ruby-oci8', '~> 2.1.0'
+```ruby
+gem 'ruby-oci8', '~> 2.1.0'
+```
 
 If you are using JRuby then you need to download latest [Oracle JDBC driver](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/jdbc-112010-090769.html) - either ojdbc6.jar for Java 6 or ojdbc5.jar for Java 5. And copy this file to one of these locations:
 
@@ -67,7 +81,9 @@ If you are using JRuby then you need to download latest [Oracle JDBC driver](htt
 
 After specifying necessary gems in Gemfile run
 
-    bundle install
+```bash
+bundle install
+```
 
 to install the adapter (or later run `bundle update` to force updating to latest version).
 
@@ -75,12 +91,14 @@ to install the adapter (or later run `bundle update` to force updating to latest
 
 If you don't use Bundler in Rails 2 application then you need to specify gems in `config/environment.rb`, e.g.
 
-    Rails::Initializer.run do |config|
-      #...
-      config.gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter', :lib => "active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_adapter"
-      config.gem 'ruby-oci8'
-      #...
-    end
+```ruby
+Rails::Initializer.run do |config|
+  # ...
+  config.gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter', :lib => 'active_record/connection_adapters/oracle_enhanced_adapter'
+  config.gem 'ruby-oci8'
+  # ...
+end
+```
 
 But it is recommended to use Bundler for gem version management also for Rails 2.3 applications (search for instructions in Google).
 
@@ -88,7 +106,9 @@ But it is recommended to use Bundler for gem version management also for Rails 2
 
 If you want to use ActiveRecord and Oracle enhanced adapter without Rails and Bundler then install it just as a gem:
 
-    gem install activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter
+```bash
+gem install activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter
+```
 
 USAGE
 -----
@@ -97,52 +117,64 @@ USAGE
 
 In Rails application `config/database.yml` use oracle_enhanced as adapter name, e.g.
 
-    development:
-      adapter: oracle_enhanced
-      database: xe
-      username: user
-      password: secret
+```yml
+development:
+  adapter: oracle_enhanced
+  database: xe
+  username: user
+  password: secret
+```
 
 If you're connecting to a service name, indicate the service with a
 leading slash on the database parameter:
 
-    development:
-      adapter: oracle_enhanced
-      database: /xe
-      username: user
-      password: secret
+```yml
+development:
+  adapter: oracle_enhanced
+  database: /xe
+  username: user
+  password: secret
+```
 
 If `TNS_ADMIN` environment variable is pointing to directory where `tnsnames.ora` file is located then you can use TNS connection name in `database` parameter. Otherwise you can directly specify database host, port (defaults to 1521) and database name in the following way:
 
-    development:
-      adapter: oracle_enhanced
-      host: localhost
-      port: 1521
-      database: xe
-      username: user
-      password: secret
+```yml
+development:
+  adapter: oracle_enhanced
+  host: localhost
+  port: 1521
+  database: xe
+  username: user
+  password: secret
+```
 
 or you can use Oracle specific format in `database` parameter:
 
-    development:
-      adapter: oracle_enhanced
-      database: //localhost:1521/xe
-      username: user
-      password: secret
+```yml
+development:
+  adapter: oracle_enhanced
+  database: //localhost:1521/xe
+  username: user
+  password: secret
+```
 
 or you can even use Oracle specific TNS connection description:
 
-    development:
-      adapter: oracle_enhanced
-      database: "(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=xe)))"
-      username: user
-      password: secret
+```yml
+development:
+  adapter: oracle_enhanced
+  database: "(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=xe)))"
+  username: user
+  password: secret
+```
 
 If you deploy JRuby on Rails application in Java application server that supports JNDI connections then you can specify JNDI connection as well:
 
-    development:
-      adapter: oracle_enhanced
-      jndi: "jdbc/jndi_connection_name"
+```yml
+development:
+  adapter: oracle_enhanced
+  jndi: "jdbc/jndi_connection_name"
+```
 
 To use jndi with Tomcat you need to set the accessToUnderlyingConnectionAllowed to true property on the pool. See  the [Tomcat Documentation](http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/jndi-resources-howto.html) for reference.
 
@@ -152,22 +184,28 @@ You can find other available database.yml connection parameters in [oracle_enhan
 
 If you want to change Oracle enhanced adapter default settings then create initializer file e.g. `config/initializers/oracle.rb` specify there necessary defaults, e.g.:
 
-    # It is recommended to set time zone in TZ environment variable so that the same timezone will be used by Ruby and by Oracle session
-    ENV['TZ'] = 'UTC'
-
-    ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record) do
-      ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.class_eval do
-        # id columns and columns which end with _id will always be converted to integers
-        self.emulate_integers_by_column_name = true
-        # DATE columns which include "date" in name will be converted to Date, otherwise to Time
-        self.emulate_dates_by_column_name = true
-        # true and false will be stored as 'Y' and 'N'
-        self.emulate_booleans_from_strings = true
-        # start primary key sequences from 1 (and not 10000) and take just one next value in each session
-        self.default_sequence_start_value = "1 NOCACHE INCREMENT BY 1"
-        # other settings ...
-      end
-    end
+```ruby
+# It is recommended to set time zone in TZ environment variable so that the same timezone will be used by Ruby and by Oracle session
+ENV['TZ'] = 'UTC'
+
+ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record) do
+  ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.class_eval do
+    # id columns and columns which end with _id will always be converted to integers
+    self.emulate_integers_by_column_name = true
+
+    # DATE columns which include "date" in name will be converted to Date, otherwise to Time
+    self.emulate_dates_by_column_name = true
+
+    # true and false will be stored as 'Y' and 'N'
+    self.emulate_booleans_from_strings = true
+
+    # start primary key sequences from 1 (and not 10000) and take just one next value in each session
+    self.default_sequence_start_value = "1 NOCACHE INCREMENT BY 1"
+
+    # other settings ...
+  end
+end
+```
 
 In case of Rails 2 application you do not need to use `ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record) do ... end` around settings code block.
 
@@ -177,81 +215,108 @@ See other adapter settings in [oracle_enhanced_adapter.rb](http://github.com/rsi
 
 If you want to put Oracle enhanced adapter on top of existing schema tables then there are several methods how to override ActiveRecord defaults, see example:
 
-    class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
-      # specify schema and table name
-      self.table_name = "hr.hr_employees"
-      # specify primary key name
-      self.primary_key = "employee_id"
-      # specify sequence name
-      self.sequence_name = "hr.hr_employee_s"
-      # set which DATE columns should be converted to Ruby Date
-      set_date_columns :hired_on, :birth_date_on
-      # set which DATE columns should be converted to Ruby Time
-      set_datetime_columns :last_login_time
-      # set which VARCHAR2 columns should be converted to true and false
-      set_boolean_columns :manager, :active
-      # set which columns should be ignored in ActiveRecord
-      ignore_table_columns :attribute1, :attribute2
-    end
+```ruby
+class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
+  # specify schema and table name
+  self.table_name = "hr.hr_employees"
+
+  # specify primary key name
+  self.primary_key = "employee_id"
+
+  # specify sequence name
+  self.sequence_name = "hr.hr_employee_s"
+
+  # set which DATE columns should be converted to Ruby Date
+  set_date_columns :hired_on, :birth_date_on
+
+  # set which DATE columns should be converted to Ruby Time
+  set_datetime_columns :last_login_time
+
+  # set which VARCHAR2 columns should be converted to true and false
+  set_boolean_columns :manager, :active
+
+  # set which columns should be ignored in ActiveRecord
+  ignore_table_columns :attribute1, :attribute2
+end
+```
 
 You can also access remote tables over database link using
 
-    self.table_name "hr_employees@db_link"
+```ruby
+self.table_name "hr_employees@db_link"
+```
 
 Examples for Rails 3.2 and lower version of Rails
 
-    class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
-      # specify schema and table name
-      set_table_name "hr.hr_employees"
-      # specify primary key name
-      set_primary_key "employee_id"
-      # specify sequence name
-      set_sequence_name "hr.hr_employee_s"
-      # set which DATE columns should be converted to Ruby Date
-      set_date_columns :hired_on, :birth_date_on
-      # set which DATE columns should be converted to Ruby Time
-      set_datetime_columns :last_login_time
-      # set which VARCHAR2 columns should be converted to true and false
-      set_boolean_columns :manager, :active
-      # set which columns should be ignored in ActiveRecord
-      ignore_table_columns :attribute1, :attribute2
-    end
+```ruby
+class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
+  # specify schema and table name
+  set_table_name "hr.hr_employees"
+
+  # specify primary key name
+  set_primary_key "employee_id"
+
+  # specify sequence name
+  set_sequence_name "hr.hr_employee_s"
+
+  # set which DATE columns should be converted to Ruby Date
+  set_date_columns :hired_on, :birth_date_on
+
+  # set which DATE columns should be converted to Ruby Time
+  set_datetime_columns :last_login_time
+
+  # set which VARCHAR2 columns should be converted to true and false
+  set_boolean_columns :manager, :active
+
+  # set which columns should be ignored in ActiveRecord
+  ignore_table_columns :attribute1, :attribute2
+end
+```
 
 You can also access remote tables over database link using
 
-    set_table_name "hr_employees@db_link"
+```ruby
+set_table_name "hr_employees@db_link"
+```
 
 ### Custom create, update and delete methods
 
 If you have legacy schema and you are not allowed to do direct INSERTs, UPDATEs and DELETEs in legacy schema tables and need to use existing PL/SQL procedures for create, updated, delete operations then you should add `ruby-plsql` gem to your application, include `ActiveRecord::OracleEnhancedProcedures` in your model and then define custom create, update and delete methods, see example:
 
-    class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
-      include ActiveRecord::OracleEnhancedProcedures
-      # when defining create method then return ID of new record that will be assigned to id attribute of new object
-      set_create_method do
-        plsql.employees_pkg.create_employee(
-          :p_first_name => first_name,
-          :p_last_name => last_name,
-          :p_employee_id => nil
-        )[:p_employee_id]
-      end
-      set_update_method do
-        plsql.employees_pkg.update_employee(
-          :p_employee_id => id,
-          :p_first_name => first_name,
-          :p_last_name => last_name
-        )
-      end
-      set_delete_method do
-        plsql.employees_pkg.delete_employee(
-          :p_employee_id => id
-        )
-      end
-    end
+```ruby
+class Employee < ActiveRecord::Base
+  include ActiveRecord::OracleEnhancedProcedures
+
+  # when defining create method then return ID of new record that will be assigned to id attribute of new object
+  set_create_method do
+    plsql.employees_pkg.create_employee(
+      :p_first_name => first_name,
+      :p_last_name => last_name,
+      :p_employee_id => nil
+    )[:p_employee_id]
+  end
+
+  set_update_method do
+    plsql.employees_pkg.update_employee(
+      :p_employee_id => id,
+      :p_first_name => first_name,
+      :p_last_name => last_name
+    )
+  end
+
+  set_delete_method do
+    plsql.employees_pkg.delete_employee(
+      :p_employee_id => id
+    )
+  end
+end
+```
 
 In addition in `config/initializers/oracle.rb` initializer specify that ruby-plsql should use ActiveRecord database connection:
 
-    plsql.activerecord_class = ActiveRecord::Base
+```ruby
+plsql.activerecord_class = ActiveRecord::Base
+```
 
 ### Oracle CONTEXT index support
 
@@ -259,60 +324,78 @@ Every edition of Oracle database includes [Oracle Text](http://www.oracle.com/te
 
 To create simple single column index create migration with, e.g.
 
-    add_context_index :posts, :title
+```ruby
+add_context_index :posts, :title
+```
 
 and you can remove context index with
 
-    remove_context_index :posts, :title
+```ruby
+remove_context_index :posts, :title
+```
 
 Include in class definition
 
-    has_context_index
+```ruby
+has_context_index
+```
 
 and then you can do full text search with
 
-    Post.contains(:title, 'word')
+```ruby
+Post.contains(:title, 'word')
+```
 
 You can create index on several columns (which will generate additional stored procedure for providing XML document with specified columns to indexer):
 
-    add_context_index :posts, [:title, :body]
+```ruby
+add_context_index :posts, [:title, :body]
+```
 
 And you can search either in all columns or specify in which column you want to search (as first argument you need to specify first column name as this is the column which is referenced during index creation):
 
-    Post.contains(:title, 'word')
-    Post.contains(:title, 'word within title')
-    Post.contains(:title, 'word within body')
+```ruby
+Post.contains(:title, 'word')
+Post.contains(:title, 'word within title')
+Post.contains(:title, 'word within body')
+```
 
 See Oracle Text documentation for syntax that you can use in CONTAINS function in SELECT WHERE clause.
 
 You can also specify some dummy main column name when creating multiple column index as well as specify to update index automatically after each commit (as otherwise you need to synchronize index manually or schedule periodic update):
 
-    add_context_index :posts, [:title, :body], :index_column => :all_text, :sync => 'ON COMMIT'
+```ruby
+add_context_index :posts, [:title, :body], :index_column => :all_text, :sync => 'ON COMMIT'
 
-    Post.contains(:all_text, 'word')
+Post.contains(:all_text, 'word')
+```
 
 Or you can specify that index should be updated when specified columns are updated (e.g. in ActiveRecord you can specify to trigger index update when created_at or updated_at columns are updated). Otherwise index is updated only when main index column is updated.
 
-    add_context_index :posts, [:title, :body], :index_column => :all_text,
-      :sync => 'ON COMMIT', :index_column_trigger_on => [:created_at, :updated_at]
+```ruby
+add_context_index :posts, [:title, :body], :index_column => :all_text,
+  :sync => 'ON COMMIT', :index_column_trigger_on => [:created_at, :updated_at]
+```
 
 And you can even create index on multiple tables by providing SELECT statements which should be used to fetch necessary columns from related tables:
 
-    add_context_index :posts,
-      [:title, :body,
-      # specify aliases always with AS keyword
-      "SELECT comments.author AS comment_author, comments.body AS comment_body FROM comments WHERE comments.post_id = :id"
-      ],
-      :name => 'post_and_comments_index',
-      :index_column => :all_text,
-      :index_column_trigger_on => [:updated_at, :comments_count],
-      :sync => 'ON COMMIT'
-
-    # search in any table columns
-    Post.contains(:all_text, 'word')
-    # search in specified column
-    Post.contains(:all_text, "aaa within title")
-    Post.contains(:all_text, "bbb within comment_author")
+```ruby
+add_context_index :posts,
+  [:title, :body,
+  # specify aliases always with AS keyword
+  "SELECT comments.author AS comment_author, comments.body AS comment_body FROM comments WHERE comments.post_id = :id"
+  ],
+  :name => 'post_and_comments_index',
+  :index_column => :all_text,
+  :index_column_trigger_on => [:updated_at, :comments_count],
+  :sync => 'ON COMMIT'
+
+# search in any table columns
+Post.contains(:all_text, 'word')
+# search in specified column
+Post.contains(:all_text, "aaa within title")
+Post.contains(:all_text, "bbb within comment_author")
+```
 
 ### Oracle virtual columns support
 
@@ -321,43 +404,53 @@ They can be used as normal fields in the queries, in the foreign key contstraint
 
 To define virtual column you can use `virtual` method in the `create_table` block, providing column expression in the `:as` option:
 
-    create_table :mytable do |t|
-        t.decimal :price, :precision => 15, :scale => 2
-        t.decimal :quantity, :precision => 15, :scale => 2
-        t.virtual :amount, :as => 'price * quantity'
-    end
+```ruby
+create_table :mytable do |t|
+  t.decimal :price, :precision => 15, :scale => 2
+  t.decimal :quantity, :precision => 15, :scale => 2
+  t.virtual :amount, :as => 'price * quantity'
+end
+```
 
 Oracle tries to predict type of the virtual column, based on its expression but sometimes it is necessary to state type explicitly.
 This can be done by providing `:type` option to the `virtual` method:
 
-    ...
-    t.virtual :amount_2, :as => 'ROUND(price * quantity,2)', :type => :decimal, :precision => 15, :scale => 2
-    t.virtual :amount_str, :as => "TO_CHAR(quantity) || ' x ' || TO_CHAR(price) || ' USD = ' || TO_CHAR(quantity*price) || ' USD'",
-        :type => :string, :limit => 100
-    ...
+```ruby
+# ...
+t.virtual :amount_2, :as => 'ROUND(price * quantity,2)', :type => :decimal, :precision => 15, :scale => 2
+t.virtual :amount_str, :as => "TO_CHAR(quantity) || ' x ' || TO_CHAR(price) || ' USD = ' || TO_CHAR(quantity*price) || ' USD'",
+    :type => :string, :limit => 100
+# ...
+```
 
 It is possible to add virtual column to existing table:
 
-    add_column :mytable, :amount_4, :virtual, :as => 'ROUND(price * quantity,4)', :precision => 38, :scale => 4
+```ruby
+add_column :mytable, :amount_4, :virtual, :as => 'ROUND(price * quantity,4)', :precision => 38, :scale => 4
+```
 
 You can use the same options here as in the `create_table` `virtual` method.
 
 Changing virtual columns is also possible:
 
-    change_column :mytable, :amount, :virtual, :as => 'ROUND(price * quantity,0)', :type => :integer
+```ruby
+change_column :mytable, :amount, :virtual, :as => 'ROUND(price * quantity,0)', :type => :integer
+```
 
 Virtual columns allowed in the foreign key constraints.
 For example it can be used to force foreign key constraint on polymorphic association:
 
-    create_table :comments do |t|
-      t.string :subject_type
-      t.integer :subject_id
-      t.virtual :subject_photo_id, :as => "CASE subject_type WHEN 'Photo' THEN subject_id END"
-      t.virtual :subject_event_id, :as => "CASE subject_type WHEN 'Event' THEN subject_id END"
-    end
+```ruby
+create_table :comments do |t|
+  t.string :subject_type
+  t.integer :subject_id
+  t.virtual :subject_photo_id, :as => "CASE subject_type WHEN 'Photo' THEN subject_id END"
+  t.virtual :subject_event_id, :as => "CASE subject_type WHEN 'Event' THEN subject_id END"
+end
 
-    add_foreign_key :comments, :photos, :column => :subject_photo_id
-    add_foreign_key :comments, :events, :column => :subject_event_id
+add_foreign_key :comments, :photos, :column => :subject_photo_id
+add_foreign_key :comments, :events, :column => :subject_event_id
+```
 
 For backward compatibility reasons it is possible to use `:default` option in the `create_table` instead of `:as` option.
 But this is deprecated and may be removed in the future version.
@@ -373,8 +466,10 @@ There are several additional schema statements and data types available that you
   * You can add table and column comments with `:comment` option
   * Default tablespaces can be specified for tables, indexes, clobs and blobs, for example:
 
-        ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.default_tablespaces =
-          {:clob => 'TS_LOB', :blob => 'TS_LOB', :index => 'TS_INDEX', :table => 'TS_DATA'}
+```ruby
+ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::OracleEnhancedAdapter.default_tablespaces =
+  {:clob => 'TS_LOB', :blob => 'TS_LOB', :index => 'TS_INDEX', :table => 'TS_DATA'}
+```
 
 TROUBLESHOOTING
 ---------------
@@ -395,13 +490,15 @@ Please verify that
 
  3. Verify that activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter is working from irb
 
-        require 'rubygems'
-        gem 'activerecord'
-        gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter'
-        require 'active_record'
-        ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:adapter => "oracle_enhanced", :database => "database",:username => "user",:password => "password")
+```ruby
+require 'rubygems'
+gem 'activerecord'
+gem 'activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter'
+require 'active_record'
+ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:adapter => "oracle_enhanced", :database => "database",:username => "user",:password => "password")
+```
 
-    and see if it is successful (use your correct database, username and password)
+and see if it is successful (use your correct database, username and password)
 
 ### What to do if Oracle enhanced adapter is not working with Phusion Passenger?